The pathogen of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) in the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 538-544
Author(s):  
Ivana Safrankova ◽  
Kolackova P ◽  
Rutivckova G
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Medicinal Herb ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
The Czech Republic

Milk thistle is grown in the Czech Republic as a medicinal herb; silymarin is isolated from its achenes and used for the production of liver and gallbladder medicine. The quality and content of the active compound is influenced not only by environmental factors, but also by pests and pathogens. The occurrence of pests of milk thistle variety Silyb was observed in two localities during the years 2011 2013. In the year 2011 the mycoflora of seeds of four milk thistle varieties was determined. Representatives of 15 species were isolated from the seeds, most of them saprophytic. 21 fungal species were isolated and identified from milk thistle plants during the vegetation; Septoria silybi among the most important ones. Possibilities of protection of milt thistle against pathogens are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Growth Dynamics and Morphological Characteristics of Genetic Sources of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Koláčková ◽  
Gabriela Růžičková ◽  
Ivana Šafránková ◽  
Karel Hron ◽  
Klára Hrůzová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Data Value

The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth dynamics and selected morphological characteristics of genetic sources of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) for the further development of the minimal set of descriptors. Milk thistle is grown in the Czech Republic for its achenes; however, the quality of achenes can be reduced by many factors, by the occurrence of fungal pathogens mainly. The growth dynamics and morphological characteristics of milk thistle during the vegetation period in the years 2010–2013 at two localities were evaluated. The cluster analysis of the data showed the similarity for some of the accessions and confirmed the dependence of the data value to the climatic conditions. Source from Serbia, Slovakia, Romanian variety ’De Prahova’, German accessions SIL 2 and SIL 8, Hungarian accesion RCAT 040360 DDR and Czech variety ’Silyb’ seem to be promising genetic sources from the viewpoint of growth and development in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Genetic, Biochemical, and Environmental Factors Associated with Pregnancy Outcomes in Newborns from the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Rossner ◽  
Nana Tabashidze ◽  
Miroslav Dostal ◽  
Zuzana Novakova ◽  
Irena Chvatalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Challenges for the Visegrad Group – The Coronavirus Crises and its Impact on Tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Gabriela Antošová ◽  
Maximilian Vogl ◽  
Melissa Schraud
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Visegrad Group

AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the regional cooperation which ensures stability and good relations to neighbours and other V4 countries and helps to enforce collaborations across Europe in many fields such as education, tourism and economic development. Another field of activity of the Visegrad Group is a joint positioning in international tourism which will be addressed in this article on the background of the current coronavirus crisis. The empirical part consists of a SWOT analysis for Visegrad group challenges and a PASTA Analysis with which the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the tourism industry in the V4 countries are researched. Lastly, recommendations for possible further actions in times of the coronavirus will be given, and potential future collaborations with the WB6 and EaP countries, also with regard to tourism, will be dealt with briefly. This article summarizes aspects related to tourism market, transport, cultural offer, economy, industry, and environment. The particular focus is also paid to political, economic, sociological, technological, legal and environmental factors of the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and Slovakia and how the current coronavirus and the resulting measures against the spread of it affects the tourism industry in the Visegrad Group countries.

scholarly journals Golovinomyces powdery mildews on Asteraceae in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 163-179
Author(s):  
Barbora Mieslerová ◽  
Miloslav Kitner ◽  
Veronika Petřeková ◽  
Jitka Dvořáková ◽  
Michaela Sedlářová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Powdery mildews on the Asteraceae family were surveyed during 2007–2015 in the Czech Republic with the aim to increase our knowledge about occurrence, morphological characteristics and host specificity of powdery mildews on this family. In total, 32 host species with symptoms of powdery mildew were collected, and the fungal species were identified based on microscopic observations. These showed great variability in their morphological characteristics. Our study confirmed the high host specificity of powdery mildew species to their original hosts. A deeper knowledge of the taxonomy of the Asteraceae has brought substantial changes in the delimitation of powdery mildew species. In particular, delimitation of the three varieties of Golovinomyces asterum was studied and discussed.

Biological, environmental and socioeconomic determinants of the human birth sex ratio in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Houdek ◽  
Ondřej Dvouletý ◽  
Marek Pažitka
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Property Prices ◽  
Human Birth

AbstractThe Trivers–Willard Hypothesis (TWH) states that parents in good conditions bias the sex ratio towards sons and parents in poor conditions bias the sex ratio towards daughters. This study used data from a large nationwide population dataset (N=1,401,851) from the Czech Republic – a modern contemporary society. The study included air pollution and property prices in the TWH estimation, and had a more detailed focus on stillbirths than previous studies. Using official natality microdata from the Czech Statistical Office for years between 1992 and 2010 and data on levels of air pollution in the country over the same period, the study assessed whether the biological and socioeconomic status of mothers and environmental factors affected the sex of children. The results were largely insignificant and not robust across specifications. The presented epidemiological evidence suggests that stillbirths are randomly distributed in the Czech Republic and that the sex ratio is not affected by the socioeconomic status of mothers or by environmental characteristics.

scholarly journals Efficacy of soil isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against the bulb mite, Rhizoglyphus robini (Acari: Acaridae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Konopická ◽  
Andrea Bohatá ◽  
Jiří Nermuť ◽  
Eva Jozová ◽  
Zdeněk Mráček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Rhizoglyphus Robini ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Bulb Mite

The bulb mite, Rhizoglyphus robini, is a serious pest of garlic, onion and other crops. The mite is usually found in association with dangerous fungal pathogens such as Fusarium spp. Control of this pest has relied upon the use of synthetic acaricides but chemical control of the bulb mite is difficult because it is able to develop resistance quickly. Thus, alternative control methods, e.g. biological control, need to be developed and implemented. The aim of this study was to assess efficacy of selected strains of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) against adult females of R. robini under laboratory conditions. New EPF strains were isolated from soil samples collected in onion and garlic fields in the Czech Republic and Israel using soil elution and cultivation on selective media. Fungal species were determined using macroscopic, microscopic and molecular markers. The efficacy against R. robini females was tested in 17 isolated and 3 reference strains of EPF. Results revealed high variability among species and strains. The highest efficacy against R. robini mites was found in strains of Metarhizium anisopliae isolated from soil samples collected in the Czech Republic which caused mortality up to 99.3%, and a Metarhizium indigoticum strain from Israel causing 98.3% mortality after four days of bioassay. Isaria fumosorosea strains did not caused mortality higher than 40%. The lowest virulence was found in Beauveria spp. strains causing mortality of mites between 5 and 25%. Median lethal time (LT50) and median lethal concentration (LC50) in the three most virulent strains ranged between 2 and 4 days and between 1.01×104 and 2.36×105 spores/ml, respectively. The concentration-response models indicated that the M. indigoticum strain is more lethal than M. anisopliae strains. The present study showed that some strains of entomopathogenic fungi, especially from the genus Metarhizium, could be perspective biocontrol agents against R. robini.

scholarly journals Variability of morphological characters and active compound contents in Salvia verticillata L. in the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S85-S86 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dušek ◽  
E. Dušková ◽  
K. Smékalová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Seed Mixtures

Whorled clary was chosen as one of the medicinal plants with prospects for the reconstruction of flowering meadows in some areas of the Czech Republic. Nevertheless, production of uniform seed mixtures for these purposes brings a risk of decreasing the natural biodiversity of such meadow phytocenoses; and therefore the variability of its morphological characteristics and the content of essential oil in individual populations of this genus in the Czech Republic were studied. Among the studied populations, statistically significant differences in morphological characters were found, but not in the contents of the essential oil.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity against Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi of the Hydro-Methanolic Extract of Silybum marianum Capitula Conjugated with Stevioside

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1363
Author(s):  
Natalia Langa-Lomba ◽  
Laura Buzón-Durán ◽  
Eva Sánchez-Hernández ◽  
Pablo Martín-Ramos ◽  
José Casanova-Gascón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dieback

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn, viz. milk thistle, has been the focus of research efforts in the past few years, albeit almost exclusively restricted to the medicinal properties of its fruits (achenes). Given that other milk thistle plant organs and tissues have been scarcely investigated for the presence of bioactive compounds, in this study, we present a phytochemical analysis of the extracts of S. marianum capitula during the flowering phenological stage (stage 67). Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy results evidenced the presence of high contents of coniferyl alcohol (47.4%), and secondarily of ferulic acid ester, opening a new valorization strategy of this plant based on the former high-added-value component. Moreover, the application of the hydro-methanolic extracts as an antifungal agent has been also explored. Specifically, their activity against three fungal species responsible for the so-called Botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine (Neofusicoccum parvum, Dothiorella viticola and Diplodia seriata) has been assayed both in vitro and in vivo. From the mycelial growth inhibition assays, the best results (EC90 values of 303, 366, and 355 μg·mL−1 for N. parvum, D. viticola, and D. seriata, respectively) were not obtained for the hydroalcoholic extract alone, but after its conjugation with stevioside, which resulted in a strong synergistic behavior. Greenhouse experiments confirmed the efficacy of the conjugated complexes, pointing to the potential of the combination of milk thistle extracts with stevioside as a promising plant protection product in organic Viticulture.

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