scholarly journals How can wheat landraces contribute to present breeding?

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S70-S74 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dotlačil ◽  
J. Hermuth ◽  
Z. Stehno ◽  
V. Dvořáček ◽  
J. Bradová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
Obsolete Cultivars

Two sets of winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars were studied in three-year field experiments, and compared with 3 modern control cultivars. The higher spike productivity in modern cultivars could mainly be attributed to an increased number of grains in a spikelet and harvest index (HI), whereas thousand grain weight (TGW) has only a slight effect. Landraces and old cultivars proved to have a higher content of crude protein. Spike productivity characteristics, except for TGW, showed a negative correlation with the crude protein content in the grain. The number of kernels in a spikelet strongly affected the spike’s productivity, whereas the TGW has only half the effect. The mean yield of four modern cultivars was 51% higher than the mean yield of 31 landraces and obsolete cultivars. Regression analysis proved the much stronger response of modern cultivars to environment (<I>b </I>= 1.63), then was the response of old cultivars (<I>b </I>= 0.87). Different responses to environments were found within the set of 31 landraces, as well. We could also identify potentially valuable donors of earliness and winter hardiness among the old cultivars. High crude protein content (up to 18%), and other valuable quality characteristics, were rather frequent. In both sets, HMW <I>Glu</I>-subunits were described, and we have additionally studied 67 selected lines. Among them, 10 lines showed the crude protein content of 17.5% to 18.3% (where the gluten index and Zeleny test varied from 28.5 to 54.0 and 36.8 to 61.7, respectively). High values of all quality characteristics showed lines gained from the cultivars Mindeszentpusztai (HUN), Szekacz 19 (HUN), Bartweizen linie a (AUT), Viglašská červenoklasá (CZE), as well as some others.

scholarly journals Earliness, spike productivity and protein content in European winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dotlačil ◽  
J. Hermuth ◽  
Z. Stehno
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
European Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Obsolete Cultivars

European winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars (121 accessions in set I&nbsp;and 101 accessions in set II) with modern check cultivars were evaluated in three-year field trials. Increased spike productivity in modern cultivars could be attributed mainly to increased number of grains in spikelet and increased HI, whereas TGW has marginal effect. Old cultivars had on average by 2&ndash;3% higher crude protein content in grain than modern ones. Among selected 10 characters, relatively wide diversity (C.V. 11&ndash;20%) has been estimated in spike length and characters of spike productivity (except of grain weight with C.V. close to 9%). It was difficult to distinguish the cultivars according to the country of origin, however, earliness and lower spike productivity seems to be characteristic for South-East origin whereas cultivars from North-West Europe showed opposite characters. Correlation analyses showed close relations between earliness in heading and in maturity and negative relation between late heading and grain filling period, which was positively correlated with TGW and&nbsp;HI (r = 0.26 to 0.38). Number of grains in spikelets was highly correlated with spike productivity and HI (r = 0.62 to 0.69) whereas relations between these two characters and TGW were lower (r = 0.20 to 0.51). Spike productivity characters, except of TGW, are in negative correlation with crude protein content in grain (r = &ndash;0.34 to &ndash;0.50). Regression analyses confirmed that main determining character for the spike productivity is number of kernels in spikelet (about 40% of variation) while effects of TGW are about half-size. Crude protein content was positively affected by plant height (15&ndash;30% of variation) impact of grain weight per spike was lower (14&ndash;17% of variation) and negative. Potentially valuable donors of earliness and longer grain filling period were identified for further studies and/or utilization in breeding programs. As especially valuable character can be considered very high crude protein content (around 18% in cvs Berg-land, Ukrajinka, Sippbachzeller, Innichen Nr. 25001 and Barbu du Finistre). High crude protein content combined with relatively good spike productivity and/or long grain filling period or earliness was found in cvs Visperterminen 640 E, Hatvan, Szekacz 1242, Berchtesgardener Vogel, Ble du Lot and Barbu du Finistere.

Statistical research on the digestibility in the cow. II. Nitrogen and ether extract

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Paquay ◽  
R. de Baere ◽  
A. Lousse
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Hyperbolic Relation ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYThe results obtained for nitrogen and ether extract digestibility with 116 different rations fed to 242 non-pregnant dry cows and 96 lactating cows were studied.A hyperbolic relation exists between nitrogen digestibility (Y) and crude protein content (X), with the equation:Y = 88·6–(301/X)(r = – 0·928**, RSD = 4·78).Digestible protein content ( Y) is linearly related to crude protein content(X):Y = 0·90X-3·10 (r = 0·982**, RSD = 0·823).From dry-matter intake and crude protein content it is possible to estimate accurately the amount of digestible nitrogen. With all the experimental rations the mean metabolic faecal nitrogen was 496 mg/100 g of ingested dry matter, and the true nitrogen digestibility was conspicuously constant up to 90%.Digestibility of ether extract depends on the nature of the feeds. When the concentrate percentage of the ration is high, the digestibility of ether extract obeys the same laws as that of nitrogen.

scholarly journals Advances in the breeding of oats Comparative trials with historical varieties in 1977—87

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-321
Author(s):  
Matti Rekunen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Experimental Series ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Variety Trials

From 1977 to 1987, variety trials were conducted at two test sites in order to determine the agronomic value of old oat varieties as compared to that of the varieties presently grown. The trial sites were located at two breeding stations of the Hankkija Plant Breeding Institute, those of Nikkilä (61° 33' N latitude) and Anttila (60° 25' N latitude). The variety trials were performed according to the methods of Partially Balanced Lattices, and the results and their summary were computed according to the Nearest Neighbour Analysis. Eleven oat varieties released by the Institute between 1921 and 1982 as well as the old native oat variety from Ylitornio and the American oat variety Wasa, released in the 1920s, were all tested simultaneously. The materials are presented in Table 1, the test environment in Table 2. The main findings are shown in Tables 3 & 4 and in Figures 1—5. The correlations between the age of the varieties and their characteristics are presented, in order of quality, in Table 5. The field experiments showed that intense progress inbreeding work is reflected as increased crop yield, shortening of the straw, improved strength of the straw, and decreased husk content. In the trials the crop yield of the newest variety, Hankkijan Vouti variety, averaged 51 per cent more than the Ylitornio land race variety. The mean improvement in these properties achieved in 1921—-1982by means of breeding work was: an increase in crop yield of approximately 40 per cent; shortening of the straw by roughly 20 per cent; reduction of the tendency to lodging by about half; and lowering of the husk content by some 2 percentage points. In contrast, no constant advances could be shown for the earliness at heading or ripening, the 1 000 kernel weight, the hectolitre weight, the crude protein content or resistance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV). The 1 000 kernel weight and the hectolitre weight had risen from those of the local oat variety, whereafter development ceased to occur. The study also investigated the ratio between genotype and environmental effects. In the experimental series, environmental factors had an effect on determining the time needed for ripening, the crude protein content, the length of the straw, the hectrolitre weight and crop yield that was at least five times greater than the effect of genotype. Genotype proved to have a stronger influence on the 1 000 kernel weight, for which the variance component of genotype was three fold that of the environmental component. The heritability values in the experimental series ranged from 0.19 (for BYDV infection) to 0.77 (for time to heading).

Seasonal production of Andropogon gayanus

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Haggar ◽  
M. B. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe crude protein content and in vitro dry-matter digestibility (I.V.D.) of leaves and stems of Andropogon gayanus, grouped into four different age categories, were measured at weekly intervals during the secondhalf of the 1968 wet season. The crude protein content of all categories of leaf and stem rose to a maximumat ear emergence; significant reductions occurred thereafter, especiallyin the younger categories of leaf and stem. At any point in time the younger leaves and stems contained significantly more crude protein than the older leaves and stems.Although the mean crude protein content of each stem category was significantly lower than the corresponding leaf category, the young, elongating stems had a significantly higher crude protein content than the older, mature leaves at the time of ear emergence.The mean I.V.D. of all leaf and stem categories was highest at the start of the recording period. At ear emergence the I.V.D. of the young elongating stems was at least as high as the mature leaves. After ear emergence the I.V.D. of the stems fell more rapidly than the leaves.The results support the principle of cutting at ear emergence to achieve maximum yields of digestible nutrients.

scholarly journals Grain quality of common bean cultivars under low and high nitrogen dose

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Fábio Tiraboschi Leal ◽  
João Victor Trombeta Bettiol ◽  
Vinícius Augusto Filla ◽  
Anderson Prates Coelho ◽  
Fábio Luíz Checchio Mingotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Crude Protein Content

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low and high topdressing doses of nitrogen (N) on the qualitative attributes of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and indicate cultivars with better grain technological characteristics. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots, with four replicates. Plots comprised 16 common bean cultivars of the commercial grain ‘Carioca’, while subplots comprised two N doses: 20 and 120 kg ha-1 applied as topdressing. The following evaluations were carried out: sieve yield (SY), relative grain production on sieves (RGPS), crude protein content (PROT), final water volume absorbed (FVabs), time for maximum hydration (TMH), hydration ratio (HR), cooking time (CT) and resistance to cooking (RC). The results were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test. Multivariate principal component analysis was used to identify processes. The grain quality of common bean is more dependent on the genotype studied than on agricultural management such as nitrogen fertilization. The increase in the N dose applied as topdressing increases the size of common bean grains and their protein content, but with little influence in grain hydration. FVabs and CT depend on the interaction between cultivar and N doses. CT had an inverse correlation with PROT, but it was little pronounced. The cultivars BRSMG Uai, IAC Alvorada, TAA Dama and TAA Bola Cheia have the best grain quality characteristics. Highlights: Cultivar interferes more in the common bean technological quality than nitrogen fertilization. Grains crude protein content had an inverse correlation with the cooking time. Nitrogen fertilization increases the grains size and crude protein content of common bean, but with little influence in grain hydration. The cultivars BRSMG Uai, IAC Alvorada, TAA Dama and TAA Bola Cheia have the best grain quality characteristics.

Early productivity and crude protein content of establishing forage swards composed of combinations of native grass and legume species in mixed-grassland ecoregions

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenalee M. Mischkolz ◽  
Michael P. Schellenberg ◽  
Eric G. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Western Wheatgrass

Mischkolz, J. M., Schellenberg, M. P. and Lamb, E. G. 2013. Early productivity and crude protein content of establishing forage swards composed of combinations of native grass and legume species in mixed-grassland ecoregions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 445–454. We evaluated the early establishment productivity of forage swards of native, perennial, cool and warm season grasses, and legumes as they have the potential to provide non-invasive, productive, and drought resistant rangelands. Seven species with agronomic potential and a broad native geographic distribution were selected for testing including: nodding brome [Bromus anomalus (Coult.)], blue bunch wheatgrass [Pseudoregneria spicata (Pursh)], western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.)], side oats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.)], little blue stem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.)], purple prairie clover [Dalea purpurea (Vent.)], and white prairie clover [Dalea candida (Willd.)]. Forage swards, including all seven monocultures, 21 two-species mixtures and a mixture with all species, were planted in two sites, Saskatoon and Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Western wheatgrass (WWG) had the highest overall plant density and the strongest effect on the forage yield of the forage swards; however, productivity and crude protein content were not reduced when other species were also included in the forage sward. Dalea spp. did not establish as well as the other species, but had the highest crude protein concentrations. This work provides insight into forage sward development at the establishment stage; additional work is required to determine long-term species impacts for well established forage swards.

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