scholarly journals Reaction of transgenic plum cv. HoneySweet to the Plum pox virus after a severe infection of Monilinia sp. – short communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polák Jaroslav ◽  
Neubauerová Tereza ◽  
Komínek Petr ◽  
Kundu Jiban Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Pcr Detection ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Das Elisa ◽  
Year 2013

Resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) in transgenic Prunus domestica L., clone C5 (cv. HoneySweet) was evaluated in a regulated field in the Czech Republic for fifteen years (2002–2016). PPV mild symptoms appeared in C5 trees only in several leaves situated close to the point of inoculum grafting up to 2010. No symptoms of PPV were observed in the years 2011–2013 and results of ELISA and RT-PCR detection tests were negative. In the twelfth year (2013), there was a severe unusual natural attack of plum trees by Monilinia sp. This Monilinia sp. attack occurred only one time – in 2013. There was no Monilinia sp. infection in 2002–2012 and in 2014–2016. Mild PPV symptoms reappeared in several leaves of transgenic plum trees in the next two years (2014–2015) and the presence of PPV was proved by DAS-ELISA and confirmed by RT-PCR.

scholarly journals Distribution of Plum pox virus strains in natural sources in the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Polák ◽  
P. Komínek
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Das Elisa

The distribution of <i>Plum pox virus</i> (PPV) strains, PPV-D, PPV-M and PPV-Rec, was investigated in the Czech Republic in 2005–2008. Fifty-two to ninety-four samples of flowers or leaves of plum, myrobalan and blackthorn trees from different regions were tested in individual years. The presence of PPV was detected by DAS-ELISA with serotype-specific polyclonal antibodies. PPV-M was proved by DASI-ELISA with serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies; PPV-D, PPV-M and PPV-Rec were detected by RT-PCR in leaf samples from PPV infected trees. The presence of PPV-D ranged from 94.6% to 100%, the presence of PPV-M from 0.0% to 2.3% and the presence of PPV-Rec from 0.0% to 3.1% during 2005–2008. More than 95% of analysed samples of PPV were infected with PPV-D and less than 2.5% of analysed samples of PPV were infected with PPV-M or PPV-Rec. The presence of PPV-C was not proved in sweet cherry and sour cherry trees. The presence of PPV-EA was not proved in apricot trees.

scholarly journals Cherry virus A infecting cherries and plums in the Czech Republic – Short communication

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Šafářová ◽  
M. Navrátil ◽  
F. Paprštein ◽  
T. Candresse ◽  
A. Marais
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Sweet Cherries

&nbsp;The presence of Cherry virus A (CVA) in the germplasm collections of sweet cherries and plums was studied. CVA was detected using the specific RT-PCR assay in six of eight sweet cherry and one of four plum cultivars. Specifity of amplicons and distant position of cherry and non-cherry isolates was verified by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results indicate that the cherry landraces and cultivars could be infected by CVA more than it has been assumed.

scholarly journals Interactions of Plum pox virus strain Rec with Apple chlorotic leafspot virus and Prune dwarf viruses in field-grown transgenic plum Prunus domestica L., clone C5

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Polák ◽  
M. Ravelonandro ◽  
J. Kumar-Kundu ◽  
J. Pívalová ◽  
R. Scorza
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Recombinant Strain ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Das Elisa

Transgenic plums, <I>Prunus domestica</I> L. clone C5, were inoculated by bud grafting with <I>Plum pox virus</I> (PPV-Rec, recombinant strain originated from plum), PPV-Rec + <I>Apple chlorotic leafspot virus</I> (ACLSV), PPV-Rec + <I>Prune dwarf virus</I> (PDV), and PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. Non-inoculated transgenic plums served as controls. Plants were grown in an open field for 5 years. They were evaluated by visible symptoms, by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. Mild PPV symptoms, diffuse spots or rings appeared two years after inoculation in some leaves of plants artificially inoculated with PPV-Rec, PPV-Rec + ACLSV, PPV-Rec + PDV, and PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. Severe PPV symptoms appeared in leaves of shoots growing from infected buds used for inoculation. During the following three years, further weakening of PPV symptoms was observed in transgenic plants. In 2007, very mild PPV symptoms were found in only a few leaves, and over 60%, resp. 70% of the C5 trees showed no PPV symptoms. The presence of PPV was confirmed by ELISA, ISEM and RT-PCR. No difference in PPV symptoms was observed between PPV-Rec and combinations PPV-Rec + ACLSV, PPV-Rec + PDV, PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. No symptoms of ACLSV appeared in combinations of ACLSV with PPV-Rec and PPV-Rec + PDV during 2004–2007, but the presence of ACLSV in leaves of transgenic plants clone C5 was proved by ELISA and RT-PCR. Neither synergistic nor antagonistic effects of ACLSV on PPV-Rec were observed. No symptoms of PDV appeared in combinations of viruses with PDV during 2004–2007. PDV was not detected by ELISA, and the presence of PDV was uncertain by RT-PCR in most of inoculated trees in 2006 and 2007. The results of RT-PCR will be further confirmed by sequence analysis and discussed. These results suggest a possible antagonistic interaction between PPV-Rec and PDV in plum clone C5.

scholarly journals First Report of Apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus Infecting Plum (Prunus domestica) in the Czech Republic

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Šafářová ◽  
M. Navrátil ◽  
C. Faure ◽  
T. Candresse ◽  
A. Marais
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Chlorotic Leaf

Apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus (APCLSV) is a novel, still poorly known Trichovirus in the family Betaflexiviridae. It is most closely related to Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) (2,4) and infects stone fruit trees of the Prunus genus. Its presence has so far been detected in apricot, plum, Japanese plum, and peach trees in Italy, Spain, France, Hungary, Turkey, Jordan, and Australia (1,2,4). During the summers of 2008 and 2010, leaf samples of old Czech local plum cultivars were obtained from the Holovousy collection and assessed for the presence of viruses belonging to the Capillovirus, Trichovirus, and Foveavirus genera using the polyvalent degenerate oligonucleotides (PDO) nested reverse transcription (RT)-PCR test (3). Following amplification from total RNAs extracts, the amplicons were cloned and several clones were sequenced for each plant sample. In plum (Prunus domestica) cv. Babce, a mixture of amplicons was observed and BlastN and BlastX analyses of the obtained sequences revealed the presence of ACLSV and APCLSV. The 310-bp APCLSV amplicon (GenBank Accession No. JN790294) showed highest identity (82.9% in nucleotide sequence and 97.1% in amino acid sequence) with the Sus2 isolate of APCLSV (4) and clustered with APCLSV isolates in a phylogenetic analysis. APCLSV infection was further confirmed with an APCLSV-specific RT-PCR assay (4), which yielded a product of the expected 205-bp size (GenBank Accession No. JN653070) with closest homology again to the Sus2 APCLSV isolate (83.4 and 94.3% nucleotide and amino acid identity, respectively). To our knowledge, this finding represents the first detection of APCLSV in domestic plums in the Czech Republic, extending our vision of APCLSV diversity and its geographic distribution. For unknown reasons, APCLSV has almost always been reported in mixed infection with ACLSV (1,2,4) and the situation in cv. Babce does not deviate from this trend. This has greatly hindered the analysis of the pathogenicity of APCLSV, a situation further complicated in the current case because the Babce cultivar was also infected by Plum pox virus. References: (1) M. Barone et al. Acta Hortic. 781:53, 2008. (2) T. Candresse et al. Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Pome and Stone Fruit Trees. A. Hadidi et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2011. (3) X. Foissac et al. Phytopathology 95:617, 2005. (4) D. Liberti et al. Phytopathology 95:420, 2005.

scholarly journals Gene flow was not detected from a field trial of transgenic plum cv. HoneySweet – Short Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
Petr Komínek ◽  
Jaroslav Polák ◽  
Marcela Komínková ◽  
Ralph Scorza
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Crop Research

A field trial with plum cv. HoneySweet was established in 2003 in an experimental plot near Crop Research Institute in Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic, on the basis of a permission issued by the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic. In addition to the evaluation of resistance of plum cv. HoneySweet to Plum pox virus, the field trial was used to evaluate gene flow of the inserted transgene. Sampling of blackthorn and myrobalan trees outside the field test site occurred at distances ranging from 544 m to 845 m from the test site and showed no gene flow, testing both plants and seeds collected from blackthorns and myrobalans. Similarly, seeds from plums cv. Jojo growing directly at the field test place did not show any presence of the transgene after seven years of evaluation. 

scholarly journals Prune cv. Jojo resistance to different strains of Plum pox virus

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Polák ◽  
J. Pívalová ◽  
J. Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Different Strains

Trees of prune (<i>Prunus domestica</i> L.), cv. Jojo, were inoculated by chip budding with three different strains of PPV isolated from European plum in the Czech Republic. These isolates included Plum pox virus M strain (PPV-M), <i>Plum pox virus</i> D strain (PPV-D) and a PPV-recombinant both strains (PPV-Rec). The results of the evaluation of the inoculated trees over 2 years are presented. Trees of plum cv. Jojo behaven differently to infection with the three PPV strains. A strong hypersensitive reaction appeared a year after inoculation with PPV-M and PPV-Rec strains, although not all inoculated tree died. PPV must have been present in the tissue of cv. Jojo because the virus was transferred to the rootstock St. Julien. Plants of the rootstock became systemically infected with the PPV-M and PPV-Rec strains, showing severe PPV symptoms. The presence of PPV was proved by ELISA in leaves of rootstock St. Julien, but not in leaves of cv. Jojo. Inoculation with strain PPV-D resulted in partial hypersensitive reaction of plants of cv. Jojo, but after initial stunting and partial death of shoots recovering of plants was observed.

scholarly journals Dynamics of seroconversion of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the Czech unvaccinated population: nationwide prospective seroconversion (PROSECO) study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Piler ◽  
Vojtěch Thon ◽  
Lenka Andrýsková ◽  
Kamil Doležel ◽  
David Kostka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the Czech Republic weathered the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic with relatively low incidence, the second wave of the global pandemic saw it rank among countries bearing the greatest COVID-19 burden, both in Europe and on a worldwide scale. The aim of the nationwide prospective seroconversion (PROSECO) study was to investigate the dynamics of seroconversion of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the Czech population.MethodsAll clients of the second largest health insurance company in the Czech Republic were sent a written invitation to participate in this longitudinal study. The study includes the first 30,054 persons who provided a blood sample between October 2020 and March 2021. Seroprevalence was compared between calendar periods of blood sample collection, RT-PCR test results, sociodemographic factors, and other characteristics.FindingsThe data show a dramatic increase in seropositivity over time, from 28% in October/November 2020 to 43% in December 2020/January 2021 to 51% in February/March 2021. These trends were consistent with government data on cumulative viral antigenic prevalence in the population captured by PCR testing – although the seroprevalence rates established in this study were considerably higher than those listed in government data. Data pooled across the entire study period exhibited minor differences in seropositivity between sexes, age groups and body mass index categories; results were similar between test providing laboratories. Seropositivity was substantially higher among symptomatic vs. asymptomatic persons (76% vs. 34%). At least one third of all seropositive participants were asymptomatic, and 28% participants who developed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 never underwent PCR testing.InterpretationAntibody response provides a better marker of past SARS-CoV-2 infection than PCR testing data. Our data on seroconversion confirm the rapidly increasing prevalence in the Czech population during the dramatically rising pandemic wave prior to the beginning of massive vaccination. The planned second and third assessment of the study participants (April 2021 – September 2021, October 2021 – March 2022) will provide valuable evidence on the seroprevalence changes following vaccination and persistence of antibodies resulting from natural infection and vaccination.Research in contextEvidence before this studySimilarly to most European countries, the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in the Czech Republic produced a relatively low incidence (86.9 confirmed cases per 100,000 persons over three months). At the peaks of the second wave, however, over 100 confirmed cases per 100,000 persons were diagnosed daily and the Czech Republic ranked among the countries with the greatest burden of COVID-19 in Europe and in the world. Only a few nationwide population-based studies have been published covering the second wave of the epidemic in Europe, and none of them from the Central and Eastern European region.Added value of this studyThe PROSECO study will provide key data from the heavily affected Central European region and contribute to the epidemiological and serological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. All 30,054 study participants were recruited between October 2020 and March 2021, thus covering all three epidemic peaks (November 2020, January and March 2021) of the second COVID-19 epidemic wave. This allows us to follow the dynamics of seroconversion of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the immunologically naive and unvaccinated population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study participants will be re-assessed in the second (April 2021 – September 2021) and third (October 2021 – March 2022) PROSECO phases to further study the post-infection/post-vaccination dynamics of seroconversion in/after a period of massive vaccination.Implications of all the available evidenceData from the first phase of the PROSECO study indicate that the percentage of the population that has been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 may be substantially higher than estimates based on official data on cumulative viral positivity incidence as at least one third of seropositive participants were asymptomatic, and 28% of participants who developed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 never underwent PCR testing. Regional seroprevalence data provide key information to inform, in combination with other surveillance data, public health policies and will be instrumental for the successful management of the subsequent phases of the global pandemic.The number of seropositive participants who never underwent RT-PCR testing demonstrates the importance of serological population-based studies describing the spread and exposure to the virus in the population over time.

scholarly journals Occurrence of rust disease caused by Puccinia oxalidis on Oxalis triangularis in the Czech Republic – Short Communication 

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
I. Šafránková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
First Report ◽  
Microscopic Features

This is the first report of&nbsp;Puccinia oxalidis&nbsp;causing leaf spot diseases on ornamental&nbsp;Oxalis triangularis&nbsp;subsp.&nbsp;papilionaceae&nbsp;cv. Atropurpurea in Moravia, Czech Republic. The macroscopic symptoms and microscopic features are described.

scholarly journals Occurrence of viruses on pepper plantations in the Czech Republic – Short communication

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Svoboda ◽  
L. Svobodová-Leišová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Broad Bean Wilt Virus

A survey of viruses on capsicum plants in the Czech Republic was carried out in the years 2006&ndash;2010. Altogether, 375 leaf samples with symptoms suggesting viral infection were collected both from open fields and greenhouses. These samples were examined for the presence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Broad bean wilt virus-1 (BBWV-1), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) by ELISA. Viruses detected in the samples were AMV, BBWV-1, CMV and PVY. The most prevalent were CMV and PVY which were present in 24 and 29% of tested samples, respectively. In some cases a complex infection of two viruses was detected. Gene sources of resistance against CMV and PVY are mentioned. The relation of virus occurrence on aphid incidence is discussed.

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