scholarly journals Effects of transport distance and the season of the year on death rates among hens and roosters in transport to poultry processing plants in the Czech Republic in the period from 1997 to 2004

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Voslarova ◽  
B. Janackova B ◽  
F. Vitula ◽  
A. Kozak ◽  
V. Vecerek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Bird Mortality ◽  
Poor Welfare

Poor welfare is the cause of high mortality among hens and roosters transported to poultry processing plants. In the Czech Republic, death rates among hens and roosters in transport to poultry slaughter plants were monitored between 1997 and 2004, and their total mortality rate was in the 0.925% ± 0.479% range. Death rates among hens and roosters were influenced by the transport distance to poultry processing plants. The percentage of dead birds increased from 0.592% ± 0.575% at transport distances up to 50 km to 1.638% ± 0.952% at transport distances up to 300 km. The bird mortality was also influenced by the season of the year. Higher mortality rates were ascertained during the cold months of the year, specifically in October through to April.

scholarly journals Mortality Rates in Poultry Species and Categories during Transport for Slaughter

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. S101-S108 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Voslářová ◽  
B. Janáčková ◽  
L. Rubešová ◽  
A. Kozák ◽  
I. Bedáňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Related Mortality

Transport-related mortality rates were compared for various poultry species and categories where published data are limited. The numbers of broilers, hens and cockerels, turkeys, ducks, and geese transported for slaughter, and the numbers that died during such transport, were recorded from 1997 to 2006 in cooperation with the State Veterinary Administration of the Czech Republic. The mortality rate for individual poultry species and categories was calculated overall, and was also recorded for the following transport distances: up to 50 km, from 51 km to 100 km, from 101 km to 200 km, from 201 km to 300 km, and over 300 km. Transport of poultry for slaughter was accompanied by varying mortality rates depending on poultry species and categories. The highest mortality rates occurred in hens and cockerels (1.013%), followed by turkeys (0.272%), broilers (0.253%), ducks (0.103%), and geese (0.056%). Differences among the mortality rates estimated were highly significant (p < 0.001). Mortality rates highly correlated with transport distance. The lowest mortality rates were for the shortest transport distances: In broilers (0.154%), turkeys (0.164%), and hens and cockerels (0.595%) for a transport distance up to 50 km; and in ducks (0.069-0.111%) and geese (0.021 - 0.053%) for transport distances up to 300 km. Highest mortality rates in hens and cockerels (1.892%), turkeys (0.341%), and broilers (0.536%) were observed for transport distances over 200 km, while in ducks (0.147%) and geese (0.253%), highest mortality rates were with transport distances exceeding 300 km. The highest mortality rates for all transport distances were in hens and cockerels, followed by turkeys and broilers. The mortality rate in turkeys for a transport distance up to 50 km was significantly higher than that in broilers. No significant differences were found between mortality rates in turkeys and broilers for transport distances of 51-100 km and 101-200 km whereas, for a distance of 201-300 km and in distances exceeding 300 km, the mortality rates in broilers were significantly higher compared to turkeys. The lowest mortality rates were observed in ducks and geese, with a significant difference between them only for transport distances of 51 to 100 km, where the mortality rate in ducks was higher, and over 300 km, where the mortality rate in geese was higher. When planning the transport of poultry for slaughter, susceptibility to stress induced by transport and transport distance (i.e. the duration of transport) of poultry species and categories should be considered.

scholarly journals Bird mortality on medium-voltage power lines in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Vlasta Škorpíková ◽  
Václav Hlaváč ◽  
Milan Křápek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Birds Of Prey ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Bird Mortality ◽  
Straight Lines

Abstract In 2015–2016, 6,429 km medium-voltage power lines with 76,430 pylons were checked for bird mortality in the Czech Republic. 1,326 bird victims of power lines were found, 156 of which died after collisions, and 1,170 birds were electrocuted. They belonged to 60 species from 12 orders, and birds of prey made up almost half of all victims. Steel pylons bearing several cross-arms including upper and crosswise jumpers were identified as most dangerous from the electrocution point of view. On the other hand, pylons in straight lines with Pařát cross-arms (triangular arrangement of conductors without any horizontal bar) were among the least dangerous, and when they had a simple perch fitted below the cross-arm, no mortality was recorded. But these pylons are new in practice and despite becoming widely used recently, they form less than one tenth of all pylons in the Czech Republic. On other pylons various types of mitigation measures have been installed. Commonly used plastic covers and plastic strips have proved to be especially effective, but only in cases when they are undamaged and correctly installed.

scholarly journals Towards the Effects of Airborne Pollution on Mortality-rates in the Czech Republic

Hygiena ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimíra Puklová ◽  
Michala Lustigová ◽  
Helena Kazmarová ◽  
Bohumil Kotlík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Airborne Pollution

scholarly journals Resistance to erythromycin of Staphylococcus spp. isolates from the food chain

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schlegelova ◽  
H. Vlkova ◽  
V. Babak ◽  
M. Holasova ◽  
Z. Jaglic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Efflux Mechanism ◽  
High Level

The aim of this study was to determine both the occurrence and the genetic basis of resistance to erythromycin among 1 235 <I>Staphylococcus</I> spp. isolates obtained between 2000 and 2006 from (a) raw milk and meat (1 704 samples), (b) foodstuffs produced from these (451 samples), and (c) contact surfaces at processing plants and dairy farms (363 samples) in the Czech Republic. Isolates were screened by broth microdilution method for resistance to erythromycin and further 11 antimicrobial agents. In addition, isolates were screened by agar dilution (erythromycin range 1–128 mg/l) and D-zone test for inducible resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (iMLS<sub>B</sub>). Forty isolates were found to be either resistant, or intermediate, to erythromycin (3.2% of isolates); of these, more than 50% were identified as <I>S. epidermidis</I>. A total of 15 (1.2%) resistant isolates of staphylococci originated from foodstuffs. Resistance mediated by methylation – i.e. iMLS<sub>B</sub>-resistance (10 isolates with the <I>erm</I>(A) or <I>erm</I> (C) gene) and constitutive MLS<sub>B</sub>-resistance (one isolate with the <I>erm</I> (B) and <I>erm</I> (C) genes) – exhibited a significantly high level of resistance to erythromycin with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 64 – >128 mg/l (MIC<sub>mode</sub> = >128 mg/l). In contrast, the efflux mechanism encoded by the <I>msr</I>(A) gene (13 isolates; MIC<sub>range</sub> = 4–128, MIC<sub>mode</sub> = 128 mg/l), the inactivation mechanisms of resistance encoded by the <I>mph</I>(C) gene (three isolates; MIC<sub>range</sub> = 8–32 mg/l), and/or their combination (13 isolates; MIC<sub>range</sub> = 4–128, MIC<sub>mode</sub> = 64 mg/l) led to lower MIC values. The efflux gene <iomsr</I>(A) dominated among the erythromycin-resistant isolates (65% of resistant isolates). This first report on the resistance of <I>Staphylococcus</I> spp. to erythromycin in the Czech Republic illustrates that, while occurrence was low, isolates from food were nevertheless carriers of <I>erm</I> (A), <I>erm</I> (B), <I>erm</I> (C),<I> msr</I>(A) and <I>mph</I>(C) genes for resistance to erythromycin and, therefore, represent a potential thread to humans.

scholarly journals Avian influenza and structural change in the Czech poultry industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
L. Čechura ◽  
T. Taussigová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Parameter Instability ◽  
Influenza Outbreak ◽  
Poultry Processing

The paper deals with the consequences of the avian influenza outbreak for the Czech poultry industry. The Hansen (1992) parameter instability test and the Gregory and Hansen (1996) residual-based test are used for testing the structural break and determining the time of the regime shift. The results provide an indication that the avian influenza outbreak might have been the reason for the changes in the value chain. However, the changes in the second stage of the value chain could also be connected with the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU. The results show that the retailers increased their market power in the second period, i.e., after September 2004. The avian influenza could be a reason for the structural break, but other factors may work together. As a result of these changes, poultry processing companies have been losing their market position, and as a consequence, the production of poultry meat in the Czech Republic has been on the decline. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Effects of Travel Distance and the Season of the Year on Death Rates of Broilers Transported to Poultry Processing Plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1881-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vecerek ◽  
S. Grbalova ◽  
E. Voslarova ◽  
B. Janackova ◽  
M. Malena
Keyword(s):  
Travel Distance ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Poultry Processing

scholarly journals Influence of Housing System and Number of Transported Animals on Transport-induced Mortality in Slaughter Pigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. S79-S84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Voslářová ◽  
Petr Chloupek ◽  
Ladislav Steinhauser ◽  
Jan Havlíček ◽  
Vladimír Večerek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Housing System ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Load Size

The study monitored the effect of the housing system and the number of animals transported together on transport-induced mortality of slaughter pigs in the Czech Republic in the period from 2004 to 2008. Concerning the type of housing during the fattening, the lowest mortality rate during the subsequent transport to slaughter houses was detected among pigs fattened on solid floor (0.047%) and on deep bedding (0.084%). The highest mortality during transport was detected among pigs fattened on fully or partially slatted floor (0.139%), a significant difference (p < 0.01) was found compared to other housing types. Assessment of the influence of individual pig load size on mortality showed the lowest mortality among pigs transported in loads of up to 40 animals (0.053%). Mortality during the transport in loads of the size of 41 to 120 animals was 0.130%, and for loads of the size over 120 pigs the mortality rate was 0.156%. These mortality rates are significantly higher (p < 0.01) compared to the load sizes of up to 40 animals.

scholarly journals Transport-induced mortality in Pekin ducks transported for slaughter in the Czech Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Voslářová ◽  
Taťána Hytychová ◽  
Vladimír Večerek ◽  
Katarina Nenadovic ◽  
Iveta Bedáňová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Pekin Ducks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality

Data on the numbers of Pekin ducks transported to slaughterhouses between 2009 and 2014 and the numbers of ducks that died during these transports were recorded in cooperation with the State Veterinary Administration of the Czech Republic. In the monitored period, a total of 12,327,017 ducks were transported, of which 9,545 (0.077%) died. The levels of transport-related mortality over these years varied significantly (P < 0.001); the lowest mortality was observed in 2011 (0.059%) and the highest in 2013 (0.089%). The impact of distance on transport-related mortality in ducks was demonstrated. The lowest transport-related mortality (0.052%) was found for distances shorter than 50 km. It was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than the mortality rates connected with longer journeys. The greatest mortality rates were found for transport distances of 101–200 km (0.105%). In addition, the season of the year significantly affected transport-related mortality in Pekin ducks. The highest death losses were found in the summer (0.090%). Death losses of ducks connected with summer transports were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in comparison with transport-related mortality rates in any other season of the year. The lowest death losses were found in duck transports carried out in the autumn and winter (0.069% and 0.072%, respectively) with no significant difference between those two seasons. Shortening transport distances and maintaining a suitable micro-climate inside transport vehicles especially in the summer are thus two important factors that can contribute to reducing transport-related mortality in Pekin ducks in commercial practice.

Assessment of relative mortality rates for two rapidly declining farmland owls in the Czech Republic (Central Europe)

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Šálek ◽  
Karel Poprach ◽  
Libor Opluštil ◽  
David Melichar ◽  
Jakub Mráz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Relative Mortality

scholarly journals Influence of Travel Distance and the Season upon Transport-induced Mortality in Fattened Cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Malena ◽  
E. Voslářová ◽  
P. Tomanová ◽  
R. Lepková ◽  
I. Bedáňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Travel Distance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Animal welfare during the transport of fattened cattle has a significant effect on the likelihood of mortality or poor meat quality. The number of animals that died during transport to a slaughterhouse or briefly after being delivered to a slaughterhouse may serve as an indicator of animal welfare during transport. The aim of this study was to determine the mortality in fattened cattle resulting from transport to a slaughterhouse, and to examine the effect of both travel distance and the season of the year on the mortality rate in fattened cattle during transport. The mortality rate in fattened cattle during transport to a slaughterhouse that were monitored in the Czech Republic in the period of 1997 - 2004 was 0.007% ± 0.003%. However, it varied significantly (p < 0.05, r = 0.90) with the travel distance to a slaughterhouse, ranging from 0.004% ± 0.002% at a travel distance up to 50 km to 0.024% ± 0.027% at a travel distance over 300 km. The season of the year also had a significant impact on the mortality rate in transported fattened cattle. In general, the highest mortality rate was observed in summer months (particularly in July and August) and winter months (particularly in January and February). Correlation (r = 0.68) was proved (p < 0.01) between the mortality rate in fattened cattle and ambient temperature. The results indicate relatively low sensitivity of fattened cattle to stress during transport, which was reflected in transport-induced mortality. The increasing travel distance and the transport of cattle in summer or winter months resulted in an increase in transport-induced mortality rates.

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