scholarly journals Structure of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) stands on sandy soils in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 298-305
Author(s):  
Tamás Ábri ◽  
Zsolt Keserű ◽  
Fruzsina Szabó ◽  
Károly Rédei
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
Number Of Stems

Understanding the various processes and relationships that take place in forest ecosystems is generally possible only through long-term observations. This is especially true of the biological production of forests, through the in-depth exploration of their structure. In Hungary the black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) is one of the most valuable exotic tree species, mainly because of its very valuable wood, with fine tissues and unique colour, for furniture industry. Generally, the species is established by manual seeding, and can also be regenerated well by coppice shoots, but not by natural seeding. Black walnut regularly produces seeds from the age of 25–30 years and its rotation age is 70–80 years. It is also used outside forests due to the very decorative stem and crown shapes. In this paper, out of the stand structure factors, the relationships between age and height (r² = 0.7205), age and diameter (r² = 0.7719), age and number of stems per ha (r² = 0.3485) as well as between diameter and number of stems per ha (r² = 0.4595), all considered important for cultivation technology, were examined (based on the data collected in 34 black walnut stands, age of 7 to 67 years). We also analysed the diameter distributions in two black walnut stands with tending operations, reporting them as a case study. Its future role may be increased mainly on sandy soils of better quality, therefore the more accurate exploration of the structure of black walnut stands growing under such conditions can be considered as gap-filling.

scholarly journals Black walnut as a valuable stand-forming tree species in Hungary – a growing technology review

2017 ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Károly Rédei ◽  
Borbála Antal
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
The Future ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
Technology Review ◽  
Natural Way

In Hungary black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) is one of the most valuable exotic tree species, mainly because of its excessively liked wood for furniture industry, that has fine tissue and singular colour. Generally it is established by seeding, it can be regenerated by coopice shoot well, but not by seeding in natural way. Black walnut crops regurarly from the age of 25–30 years and its rotation age is 75–85 years. Prosperous decorative shape of stem allows its using in tree plantings out of forests, too. In the future its role can increase mainly on good.

scholarly journals Ecology and Management of Black Walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Károly Rédei ◽  
Marianna Takács ◽  
Tamás Kiss ◽  
Zsolt Keserű
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Yield Class

Background and Purpose: Black walnut ( Juglans nigra L.) was one of the first forest tree species introduced and acclimated from North America to Europe in the 17th century. Although native to North America, black walnut is now naturalized and widely planted throughout Europe. In Hungary, this species has played an important role in forest management. Black walnut can grow on various sites, but careful site selection and well-planned management practices are needed to produce successful plantations. Due to the increasing interest in black walnut growing in many countries this study complied with the aim of giving a summary on the base of research and improvement connected with the species over the past decades. Materials and Methods: Black walnut produces a well-closing, favourably differentiated stand structure in consequence of the great genetic diversity of single trees. It utilizes well the leaks of the tending cuttings. In this manner, because of its quick height growth, the systematic, individual selective method can be favourably combined with more frequent stem number reduction. The objective of tending should be to produce a high proportion of good quality saw logs from stands of yield class I, II, III and IV, and some other smaller-dimension industrial wood from stands of yield class V and VI. Conclusions: In Hungary, black walnut is one of the most valuable exotic tree species, mainly because of its wood excessively used in furniture industry. Black walnut is used in furniture industry both as solid wood and veneer. This species is among the most expensive furniture woods in the world due to its appealing surface figure and colour. Its wood is also used for making musical instruments, turned and carved ornaments, statues and marquetry. Black walnut stands are to be important in carbon sequestration, soil stabilization, and water quality protection as well.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Recovery from Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers and Urea in Intensively Managed Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) Plantations

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Sloan ◽  
Francis K. Salifu ◽  
Douglass F. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Black Walnut ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

Intensively managed forest plantations often require fertilization to maintain site fertility and to improve growth and yield over successive rotations. We applied urea-based “enhanced-efficiency fertilizers” (EEF) containing 0.5 atom% 15N at a rate of 224 kg N ha−1 to soils under mid-rotation black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) plantations to track the fate of applied 15N within aboveground ecosystem components during the 12-month period after application. Treatments included Agrotain Ultra (urea coated with a urease inhibitor), Arborite EC (urea coated with water-soluble boron and phosphate), Agrium ESN (polymer-coated urea), uncoated urea, and an unfertilized control. Agrotain Ultra and Arborite EC increased N concentrations of competing vegetation within one month after fertilization, while neither Agrium ESN nor uncoated urea had any effect on competing vegetation N concentrations during the experiment. Agrotain Ultra and Arborite EC increased δ15N values in leaves of crop trees above those of controls at one and two months after fertilization, respectively. By contrast, Agrium ESN and uncoated urea had no effect on δ15N values in leaves of crop trees until three months after fertilization. Fertilizer N recovery (FNR) varied among ecosystem components, with competing vegetation acting as a sink for applied nutrients. There were no significant differences in FNR for all the urea-based EEF products compared to uncoated urea. Agrium ESN was the only EEF that exhibited controlled-release activity in this study, with other fertilizers behaving similarly to uncoated urea.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of climate and land cover change on freshwater provision in the tropical Andes

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 5219-5250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Molina ◽  
V. Vanacker ◽  
E. Brisson ◽  
D. Mora ◽  
V. Balthazar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Exotic Tree

Abstract. Andean headwater catchments play a pivotal role to supply fresh water for downstream water users. However, few long-term studies exist on the relative importance of climate change and direct anthropogenic perturbations on flow regimes. In this paper, we assess multi-decadal change in freshwater provision based on long time series (1974–2008) of hydrometeorological data and land cover reconstructions for a 282 km2 catchment located in the tropical Andes. Three main land cover change trajectories can be distinguished: (1) rapid decline of native vegetation in montane forest and páramo ecosystems in ~1/5 or 20% of the catchment area, (2) expansion of agricultural land by 14% of the catchment area, (3) afforestation of 12% of native páramo grasslands with exotic tree species in recent years. Given the strong temporal variability of precipitation and streamflow data related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation, we use empirical mode decomposition techniques to detrend the time series. The long-term increasing trend in rainfall is remarkably different from the observed changes in streamflow that exhibit a decreasing trend. Hence, observed changes in streamflow are not the result of long-term climate change but very likely result from direct anthropogenic disturbances after land cover change. Partial water budgets for montane cloud forest and páramo ecosystems suggest that the strongest changes in evaporative water losses are observed in páramo ecosystems, where progressive colonization and afforestation of high alpine grasslands leads to a strong increase in transpiration losses.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of various elements of grain cultivation technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Fedor A. Popov ◽  
Evgeniya N. Noskova ◽  
Lyudmila M. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Streptomyces Hygroscopicus ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Three Factor

The article presents the results of a long-term stationary three-factor experiment on sod-podzolic loamy soil to identify the effectiveness of various methods of basic and pre-sowing treatment of soil, the use of biological preparations in the technology of cultivating grain crops in six-field crop rotation. It was established that the most profitable elements of the technology in energy and economic terms will be: surface-cut treatment with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Azotovit and Phosphatovit biologics into the tillering stage of oat in a vetch-oat mixture for green feed; surface-cut treatment with KBM-4,2 cultivator or with pre-sowing treatment with a APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of Azotovite and Phosphatovite biological preparations into the soil before sowing winter rye for grain; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate for spring wheat; surface-cut treatment with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at tillering stage of oat in pea-oat mixture for grain-hay; ploughing with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Pseudobacterin-2 biopreparation at barley tillering stage; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at oat tillering stage.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization of Black Walnut (Juglans nigra L.) During Plantation Establishment. Morphology and Production Efficiency

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa C. Goodman ◽  
Juan A. Oliet ◽  
Guillermo Pardillo ◽  
Douglass F. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Plantation Establishment

Impact on Cluster Frontline Demonstrations on the Productivity of Mustard (Brassica juncea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
Laxman Prasad Balai ◽  
◽  
Navab Singh ◽  
D. R. Sharma ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
White Rust ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Gap Technology ◽  
Extension Gap ◽  
National Food Security

Cluster frontline demonstrations (CFLDs) are the long-term educational activity conducted in a logical method on partner farmer’s field to show the worth of new technology under micro farming. The present investigation was carried out during the Rabi season (October to March) of respective year 2016-17 to 2019-20 under the National Food Security Mission, Government of India. Four hundred thirteen CFLDs were conducted in 165.2 ha area with the farmers and scientists of KVK. The CFLDs were conducted at adopted fifteen villages of Dholpur district. Cultivation technology was applied under CFLDs included scientific intervention. The highest yield was obtained in demonstrated practices (DP) with an average of 2272.00 kg ha-1 as compared to farmer practice (FP) with an average of 1829.00 kg ha-1. Further, an average additional return (` 16,063.6), effective gain (` 14,335.8), net return (` 64,512.1 ha-1) and benefit-cos ratio (3.49) were found in the DP as compared to farmer practice. An average occurrence of Alternaria blight, white rust, stem rot, aphid were recorded 27.44, 5.93 and 14.85 and 25.05, respectively showed in DP as compared to farmer practice. An average extension gap, technology gap and technology index between and was noted 443.0 kg ha-1, 234.75 kg ha-1 and 10.39%, respectively. The results indicate that the use of scientific intervention under CFLDs to increase the production and profitability of Mustard.

scholarly journals Tree mortality in the dynamics and management of uneven-aged Norway spruce stands in southern Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-998
Author(s):  
Sauli Valkonen ◽  
Lucie Aulus Giacosa ◽  
Juha Heikkinen
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Adverse Influence

Abstract This study focused on tree mortality in spruce-dominated stands managed using the single-tree selection method in southern Finland. Together with regeneration and tree growth, mortality is one of the basic elements of the stand structure and dynamics in selection stands. The study was based on data acquired from a set of 20 permanent experimental plots monitored with repeated measurements for 20 years. The average mortality in the number of stems (N) was 4.45 trees ha−1a−1, in basal area (G) 0.07 m2 ha−1a−1, and in stemwood volume (V) 0.56 m3 ha−1a−1. In relative terms it was 0.50% of N, 0.30% of G and 0.27% of V, respectively. Wind and snow were the most common causes of mortality, while deaths by biotic causes (mammals, insects, pathogens) were extremely rare. Some 6–10% of the total loss in the number of stems and volume was attributable to the loss or removal of trees that sustained serious damage in harvesting. Most of the mortality occurred in the smallest diameter classes of up to 20 cm. Such a high mortality among small trees can have an adverse influence on the sustainability of selection structures if not successfully checked in harvesting and management.

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