scholarly journals Biodegradation of propiconazole by Pseudomonas putida isolated from tea rhizosphere

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sarkar ◽  
S. Seenivasan ◽  
R. Premkumar
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Triazole Fungicide ◽  
Growth Promoting

Biodegradation of triazole fungicide propiconazole was carried out <I>in vitro</I> by selected <I>Pseudomonas</I> strains isolated from tea rhizosphere. A total number of twelve strains were isolated and further screened based on their tolerance level to propiconazole. Four best strains were selected and further tested for their nutritional requirements. Among the different carbon sources tested glucose exhibited the highest growth promoting capacity and among nitrogen sources ammonium nitrate supported the growth to the maximum. The four selected <I>Pseudomonas</I> strains exhibited a range of degradation capabilities. Mineral salts medium (MSM) amended with glucose provided better environment for degradation with the highest degradation potential in strain MPR 4 followed by MPR 12 (72.8% and 67.8%, respectively).

Evaluation of the growth and sporulation of different entomopathogenic fungi in different liquid and solid media at varied concentrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 5459
Author(s):  
Chandra Teja K. ◽  
Rahman S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Virulent Strains

Entomopathogenic fungi like Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii are used in biological control of agricultural insect pests. Their specific mode of action makes them an effective alternative to the chemical Insecticides. Virulent strains of Entomopathogenic fungi are effectively formulated and used as bio-insecticides world-wide. Amenable and economical multiplication of a virulent strain in a large scale is important for them to be useful in the field. Culture media plays a major role in the large-scale multiplication of virulent strains of Entomopathogens. Different substrates and media components are being used for this purpose. Yet, each strain differs in its nutritional requirements for the maximum growth and hence it is necessary to standardize the right components and their optimum concentrations in the culture media for a given strain of Entomopathogen. In the current study, three different nitrogen sources and two different carbon sources were tried to standardize the mass multiplication media for seven test isolates of Entomopathogenic fungi. A study was also conducted to determine the ideal grain media for the optimum conidial yields of the test isolates. Yeast extract was found to be the best Nitrogen source for the isolates. The isolates tested, differed in their nutritional requirements and showed variation in the best nitrogen and carbon sources necessary for their growth. Variation was also found in the optimum concentration of both the ingredients for the growth and sporulation of the isolates. In the solid-state fermentation study, rice was found to be the best grain for the growth of most of the fungi followed by barley. The significance of such a study in the development of an effective Myco-insecticide is vital and can be successfully employed in agriculture is discussed.

THE IN VITRO RELEASE OF AMINO ACIDS BY RUMEN PAPILLAE

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BOILA ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Salts Of Organic Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Vitro Release ◽  
Effective Source

Rumen papillae from cattle were incubated aerobically with combinations of NH4Cl, amino acids and salts of organic acids, the latter including propionate, pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate and glyoxylate. Amino acids in the incubation media were analyzed using a gas-liquid chromatographic technique entailing separation of the isobutyl-N(0)-heptafluorobutyryl esters: glutamine was recovered with glutamate, asparagine with aspartate, and citrulline with ornithine. Rumen papillae incubated with pyruvate or propionate released alanine, but with the latter substrate only glutamate was effective as a nitrogen source. Glycine and glutamate plus glutamine were released in the presence of glyoxylate and α-ketoglutarate, respectively. Serine and aspartate plus asparagine were not quantitatively major products released by rumen papillae. Glutamate was an effective source of nitrogen for the release of alanine and glycine with pyruvate and glyoxylate, respectively, as carbon sources. When rumen papillae were incubated with pyruvate or glyoxylate as the added carbon source, glutamine nitrogen disappeared and was not accounted for by the amino acids measured. With arginine as a substrate, there was a release of ornithine by rumen papillae indicating urea production. The tissues of rumen papillae appear to synthesize amino acids from expected carbon sources with ammonia or glutamate as nitrogen sources and to catabolize glutamine and arginine. The metabolism of amino acids by rumen papillae would contribute to the interchange of nitrogen between the rumen and the host.

Germination of macroconidia and growth of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum in vitro

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 664-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Ayers ◽  
E. A. Barnett ◽  
P. B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Inorganic And Organic Nitrogen

Macroconidia of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, a mycoparasite of Sclerotinia spp., were induced to germinte by aqueous and ethanolic extracts of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor. Paper chromatography of sclerotial extracts indicated the presence of several amino acids and carbohydrates, chiefly glucose. Glucose was identified as the principal germination stimulant in ethanolic extracts. Glucose, fructose, mannose, cellobiose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, soluble starch, and glycerol at 0.1% (w/v) stimulated macroconidia to germinate in 3–6 days at 25 °C. Crude sclerotial extracts, and glucose combined with inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, supported germination of greater numbers of macroconidia than glucose alone. Yeast extract, Casaminc acids, peptone, and several carbon substrates alone did not support germination. Macroconidia germinated well (> 30%) over the range of pH 3–7; maximum germination (> 80%) occurred at pH 5.0–5.5. Mycelial growth in a glucose – Casamino acids - mineral salts medium was also greatest in the range of pH 5.0–5.5, but growth fell off sharply below pH 4.5 and above pH 6.0. The fungus grew slowly on several complex agar media adjusted to pH 5.5.

Nutritional and environmental factors affecting growth and sporulation of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Barnett ◽  
W. A. Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Nutritional Studies

Three of five isolates of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, a mycoparasite of Sclerotinia spp., grew well on an agar medium containing mineral salts, glucose, thiamine, and glutamine or Casamino acids as the nitrogen source. The nitrogen requirement for two of the isolates was satisfied by NH4Cl, Casamino acids, or glutamine. Glutamine was the best single nitrogen source. Only one isolate, CS-1, was used in further nutritional studies. The optimum concentration of glutamine for growth was 5 g/L. Glucose, mannose, mannitol, and cellobiose were excellent carbon sources. A glucose concentration of 20 g/L was optimum. Mannitol supported greater growth than glucose with Casamino acids as the nitrogen source but glucose was the superior carbon source with glutamine as the nitrogen source. Greatest growth was achieved with a combination of these carbon and nitrogen sources. Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, isolate CS-1, required thiamine for growth and sporulation. Biotin stimulated growth. The fungus developed maximally within the range of pH 5.0–5.5 and growth was greatly reduced at a pH below 4.0 or above 6.0. Control of acidity by the periodic addition of NaOH solution permitted substantially increased growth. The optimum temperature for growth was 22.5–25.0 °C but production of macroconidia was greatest at 15–20 °C.

scholarly journals Cultivation of micro-algae for Production of Biodiesel: An optimized Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Girma Demissie ◽  
Bhaskarrao Chinthapalli ◽  
Shumet Tenaw ◽  
D. S. Vijaya Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Basal Media

<p>Microalgae are considered as one of the potential source of biodiesel for the future. The search to obtain the potential strains from the algal diversity capable of producing oil is critical for sustainable production of biodiesel. In the present study, microalgae biomass with oil/lipid accumulation capability and their morphological features was isolated from Lake Abaya and Chamo. The algal biomass was cultivated <em>in vitro</em> and media optimization for maximum biomass was done using different basal media, BG-11 medium, and Chu -10. In addition the various carbon sources, nitrogen sources, pH and temperature were considered in this study for optimization. Green algae <em>Oedogonium</em>, <em>Chlorella </em>and <em>Cladophora</em> species were observed to be dominant species and the maximum oil per dry algal biomass was found to be from <em>Oedogonium</em> sp. Thus from the present study for the cultivation of the selected algae, BG-11 medium supplemented with tryptone (0.2%) sucrose (2%) and pH- 6 with incubation temperature of 30<sup>0</sup>C was found to be suitable.  These results suggest that <em>Oedogonium</em> sp. has several desirable features that make it a potential candidate for biodiesel production.</p>

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS MEDIA AND NUTRIENT SOURCES ON ALTERNARIA SOLANI CAUSE EARLY BLIGHT DISEASE IN TOMATO

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rex ◽  
G. Rajasekar
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Nutrient Sources

Early blight of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) incited by Alternaria solani is highly destructive causing yield loss up to 78 per cent. The fungus was tested with different media along with the host extract and different nutrient sources for their growth and development in in vitro. Twelve different media were tested on the growth of A. solani, among them potato dextrose agar + host leaf extract recorded maximum radial mycelial growth of A. solani (89.57mm) and potato dextrose broth + leaf extract has maximum mycelial dry weight (613mg). Six carbon and nitrogen sources amended media were tested. Among carbon sources, glucose recorded maximum radial mycelial growth (74.65mm) and mycelia dry weight (709.17mg). Among the nitrogen sources, ammonium nitrate has the enhanced the radial mycelail growth (84.56 mm) and high mycelial dry weigh (654.27mg). This study will be helpful for further investigations on the physiology of the fungus and management of the disease.

THE PREDOMINANT BACTERIA IN NATURAL ZOOGLOEAL COLONIES: II. PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1683-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Unz ◽  
Norman C. Dondero
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Growth Initiation ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Lower Temperature

Strains of Zoogloea were investigated regarding their physiological attributes. Growth occurred from 9 C to 37 C although some strains could not grow at the lower temperature. Optimum temperature and pH for growth initiation was estimated to be near 28 C and pH 7.0, respectively. Zoogloea cannot grow an-aerobically but may survive anaerobic conditions for at least 24 days. Strains were intolerant of NaCl above the region of physiological saline and tolerant to high levels of ammonium ion. A total of 65 strains were tested for growth on many nutritional compounds in a mineral salts medium supplemented with vitamin B12and a trace of yeast autolysate. As sole carbon sources, amygdalin, starch, inulin, and certain primary alcohols, saturated fatty acids, and Krebs intermediates supported the growth of most strains. Aspartic and glutamic acids and asparagin were available as sole carbon and nitrogen sources to most strains.

scholarly journals In vitro co-metabolism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) by the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260757
Author(s):  
Yun Xia ◽  
Xuxiang Zhang ◽  
Mingxin Jiang ◽  
Hongbo Zhang ◽  
Yinfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Metabolomic Data ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
Growth Promoting

Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative bacterium that resides within the gut mucus layer, and plays an important role in promoting gut barrier integrity, modulating the immune response and inhibiting gut inflammation. Growth stimulation of A. muciniphila by polyphenols including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from difference sources is well-documented. However, no published in vitro culture data on utilization of polyphenols by A. muciniphila are available, and the mechanism of growth-stimulating prebiotic effect of polyphenols on it remains unclear. Here in vitro culture studies have been carried out on the metabolism of EGCG by A. muciniphila in the presence of either mucin or glucose. We found that A. muciniphila did not metabolize EGCG alone but could co-metabolize it together with both these substrates in the presence of mineral salts and amino acids for mucin and protein sources for glucose. Our metabolomic data show that A. muciniphila converts EGCG to gallic acid, epigallocatechin, and (-)-epicatechin through ester hydrolysis. The (-)-epicatechin formed is then further converted to hydroxyhydroquinone. Co-metabolism of A. muciniphila of EGCG together with either mucin or glucose promoted substantially its growth, which serves as a further demonstration of the growth-promoting effect of polyphenols on A. muciniphila and provides an important addition to the currently available proposed mechanisms of polyphenolic prebiotic effects on A. muciniphila.

scholarly journals Removal of chromium by Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis strain 1

Biologija ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Alekhya Iyengar ◽  
Malavalli Subbaiah Usha
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Chromium Release ◽  
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus ◽  
Maximum Tolerance

The present study was taken up to carry out the removal of chromium by bacteria. Chromium is a heavy metal which is of concern as it causes chromium toxicity in both plants and animals. The tanneries are a major source of chromium release into the water bodies, and hence this study is aimed at identifying the potential chromium-tolerant bacterium and at studying the bacterium for its maximum tolerance and chromium removal capacity. A total of 20 samples each of soil and industrial effluents were collected from the Peenya industrial area, Bangalore, India. The bacterial isolates were screened for chromium resistance by supplementing the nutrient media with 300 µg/ml of chromium. The  growth of the  bacteria was measured in terms of O.D. at 670 nm. The isolates were further screened by increasing the concentration of chromium from 300 to 3000 µg/ml. The isolate S105c which showed better resistance to chromium compared to other isolates was identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis strain 1 based on 16S rRNA sequencing. Optimization of temperature, pH, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources was carried out for the removal of chromium by S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis strain 1.  Atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis was carried out for the removal of chromium by S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis strain 1 in the mineral salts medium supplemented with 300 µg/ml of chromium. Out of 40 soil and industrial effluent samples collected, a total of 51 isolates were obtained. Out of 51 isolates, 7 isolates gave the highest O.D. values in the presence of 300 µg/ml of chromium. The isolate S10-5c showed maximum tolerance up to 3000 µg/ml of chromium. S.  saprophyticus subsp. bovis strain 1 was able to remove 2% of chromium in the medium at the end of 24 hours under optimized conditions. It can be concluded that the organism Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis strain 1 can be used for the removal of chromium from industrial effluents.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature, pH and carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of in vitro cultures of ectomycorrhizal isolates from Pinus heldreichii forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Lazarević ◽  
Dragana Stojičić ◽  
Nenad Keča
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Aim of study: This study aims to provide basic information about physiological characteristics of isolates of Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray, Russula sanguinaria (Schumach.) Rauschert, Suillus collinitus (Fr) Kuntze, Suillus granulatus (L.) Rousell, Tricholoma batchii Gulden and Tricholoma imbricatum (Fr.) Kumm.Area of study: The isolates are obtained from Pinus heldreichii H. Christ forest in the south-eastern part of Montenegro.Material and methods: The isolates were molecularly characterised by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The effects of different temperatures (20, 22, 25°C), pHs (4, 4.5, 5.2, 5.8, 6.5, 7.5), and carbon (glucose, sucrose, dextrin, arabinose, xylose and starch) and nitrogen (NH4+, NO3- and protein) sources on their growth were examined under laboratory conditions.Main results: The studied factors established significant differences in the development of isolates. Isolates of R. sanguinaria, L. deliciosus and both Suillus, were characterised by faster growth at 22°C, while Tricholoma isolates grew faster at 25°C. S. granulatus, S. collinitus and T. imbticatum isolates grew well at lower pH values (4 - 5.2), while L. deliciosus, R. sanguinaria and T. bachii exhibited faster growth at pHs between 5.8 and 6.5. The examined isolates were able to utilize various carbohydrates as carbon sources. The biggest mycelial growth was characterised for sucrose, then glucose, dextrin, arabinose, starch and xylose. They grew on all examined nitrogen sources, while the biggest mycelia growth was achieved on ammonium, followed by nitrate and protein. Those characteristics varied amongst the species.Research highlights: Information about physiological characteristics of Tricholoma, Lactarius, Russula, as well as Suillus, are sparse. Hence, the data obtained in this study could contribute to the understanding of their function in ecosystems. 

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