Evaluation of the growth and sporulation of different entomopathogenic fungi in different liquid and solid media at varied concentrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 5459
Author(s):  
Chandra Teja K. ◽  
Rahman S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Virulent Strains

Entomopathogenic fungi like Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii are used in biological control of agricultural insect pests. Their specific mode of action makes them an effective alternative to the chemical Insecticides. Virulent strains of Entomopathogenic fungi are effectively formulated and used as bio-insecticides world-wide. Amenable and economical multiplication of a virulent strain in a large scale is important for them to be useful in the field. Culture media plays a major role in the large-scale multiplication of virulent strains of Entomopathogens. Different substrates and media components are being used for this purpose. Yet, each strain differs in its nutritional requirements for the maximum growth and hence it is necessary to standardize the right components and their optimum concentrations in the culture media for a given strain of Entomopathogen. In the current study, three different nitrogen sources and two different carbon sources were tried to standardize the mass multiplication media for seven test isolates of Entomopathogenic fungi. A study was also conducted to determine the ideal grain media for the optimum conidial yields of the test isolates. Yeast extract was found to be the best Nitrogen source for the isolates. The isolates tested, differed in their nutritional requirements and showed variation in the best nitrogen and carbon sources necessary for their growth. Variation was also found in the optimum concentration of both the ingredients for the growth and sporulation of the isolates. In the solid-state fermentation study, rice was found to be the best grain for the growth of most of the fungi followed by barley. The significance of such a study in the development of an effective Myco-insecticide is vital and can be successfully employed in agriculture is discussed.

scholarly journals Growth responses of aquatic hyphomycetes to different sources of carbon and nitrogen

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswati Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aquatic Hyphomycetes ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Different Sources

Assessment of different sources of carbon and nitrogen in terms of dry weight biomass of four selected aquatic hyphomycetes viz; Flagellospora penicilloides Ingold, Pestalotiopsis submersus Sati and Tiwari, Tetrachaetum elegans Ingold and Tetracladium marchalianum De Wildeman was made for their nutritional requirements. Eight carbon sources and ten nitrogen sources were singly added to the basal media in order to provide 4g of carbon and 1g of nitrogen per litre of distilled water. Among carbon compounds glucose and sucrose were found to be most suitable sources of carbon for all the four fungal isolates, where as fructose proved good for T. marchalianum, P. submersus and F.penicilloides fairly. Cellulose was found a poor source of carbon for the growth of all these isolates. The inorganic sources of nitrogen were found as good nitrogen sources with preference for ammonium ions. Suitability of amino acids was found variable from species to species for nitrogen. T.elegans and T.marchalianum had their maximum growth in asparagines, whereas, P. submersus had their highest growth in proline. Cysteine was observed as a good source of nitrogen for almost all the fungal isolates used. Anova calculated for these observed data showed significant variations in the dry weight production of different fungal species grown in different sources of carbon and nitrogen(P<0.01).

scholarly journals Biodegradation of propiconazole by Pseudomonas putida isolated from tea rhizosphere

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sarkar ◽  
S. Seenivasan ◽  
R. Premkumar
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Triazole Fungicide ◽  
Growth Promoting

Biodegradation of triazole fungicide propiconazole was carried out <I>in vitro</I> by selected <I>Pseudomonas</I> strains isolated from tea rhizosphere. A total number of twelve strains were isolated and further screened based on their tolerance level to propiconazole. Four best strains were selected and further tested for their nutritional requirements. Among the different carbon sources tested glucose exhibited the highest growth promoting capacity and among nitrogen sources ammonium nitrate supported the growth to the maximum. The four selected <I>Pseudomonas</I> strains exhibited a range of degradation capabilities. Mineral salts medium (MSM) amended with glucose provided better environment for degradation with the highest degradation potential in strain MPR 4 followed by MPR 12 (72.8% and 67.8%, respectively).

Nutrition of some marine microalgae with special reference to vitamin requirements and utilization of nitrogen and carbon sources

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Organic Carbon Sources ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vitamin Requirements

The status of our knowledge of the organic nutrition of algae has been summarized in tabular form from time to time. Albritton (1954) listed a mere 14 taxa of pigmented algae as having been examined from this point of view. Eight of the 14 were species of Euglena and only ‘Nitzschia dosterium' (= Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin) was marine. This paucity of information reflected in part the lack of suitable denned culture media as prerequisites of nutritional experiments. By the early 1960s this lack had been overcome to a large extent (see, for example, Provasoli, McLaughlin & Droop, 1957) and Thomas (1968) could list some 280 species, both freshwater and marine, on which nutritional work in terms of organic requirements had been undertaken. The vitamin requirements (or lack of them) of most of these species were known, but knowledge of their ability to grow in the dark on organic carbon sources and of their ability to utilize different nitrogen sources in the light was fragmentary. It still is, despite the fact that some of the gaps in Thomas's tables have been subsequently filled and the list of species has been extended.

scholarly journals Komagataeibacter intermedius V-05: An Acetic Acid Bacterium Isolated from Vinegar Industry, with High Capacity for Bacterial Cellulose Production in Soybean Molasses-Based Medium

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo José Gomes ◽  
Paula Cristina de Sousa Faria-Tischer ◽  
Cesar Augusto Tischer ◽  
Leonel Vinicius Constantino ◽  
Morsyleide de Freitas Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Standard Medium ◽  
Cellulose Production ◽  
Suitable Alternative

Research background. Despite the great properties of bacterial cellulose, its manufacture is still limited due to difficulties in production at large-scale. These problems are mainly related to low production yields and high overall costs of the conventional culture media normally used. Reversing these problems makes it necessary to identify new cheap and sustainable carbon sources. Thus, this work aimed to isolate and select a high cellulose-producing Komagataeibacter strain from vinegar industry, and study their potential for bacterial cellulose synthesis in an industrial soybean co-product, known as soybean molasses, to be used as fermentation medium. Experimental approach. For one isolated strain that exhibited high level of cellulose production in the standard Hestrin-Schramm medium, the ability of this biopolymer production in a soybean molasses-based medium was determined. The produced membranes were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, water holding capacity and rehydration ratio for determination of its characteristics and properties. The selected strain was also characterized by genetic analysis for determination of its genus and specie. Results and conclusions. An isolated strain was genetically identified as Komagataeibacter intermedius V-05 and exhibited the highest cellulose production in Hestrin-Schramm medium (3.7 g/L). In addition, the production by this strain in soybean molasses-based medium was 10.0 g/L. Membranes from both substrates were similar in terms of chemical structure, crystallinity and thermal degradation. Soybean molasses proved to be a suitable alternative medium for biosynthesis of cellulose in comparison with standard medium. In addition to providing higher production yield, the membranes showed great structural characteristics, similar to those obtained from standard medium. Novelty and scientific contribution. In this research, we have isolated and identified a Komagataeibacter strain which exhibits a high capacity for cellulose production in soybean molasses medium. The isolation and selection of strains with high capacity of microbial metabolites production is important for decreasing bioprocess costs. Furthermore, as there is a necessity today to find cheaper carbon sources that provide microbial products at a lower cost, soybean molasses represents an interesting alternative medium to produce bacterial cellulose prior to its industrial application.

scholarly journals Optimum vegetative growth conditions and genetic diversity in different strains of Pleurotus salmoneastramineus L.J.N. Vassilzeva

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Nuhu Alam ◽  
Farhana Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Arbitrary Primers

This experiment was undertaken to depict the favourable condition for mycelial growth, molecular identification and phylogenetic relationship of the selected strains of Pleurotus salmoneostramineus. Suitable temperature and pH were obtained at 25ºC and 6, respectively. Mushroom complete, glucose peptone and yeast malt extract culture media were favorable, while Hennerberg and Hoppkins were unfavorable. Dextrin was the best and xylose was the less effective carbon sources. Inorganic nitrogen sources were less effective for the mycelial growth of P. salmoneostramineus. The sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of selected strains revealed that the total length ranged from 614 to 663 bp. The size of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions varied among the strains. Sequence analysis showed that 5.8S of rDNA sequences were identical. Phylogenetic tree of the ITS region sequences indicated that strains of P. salmoneostramineus belong to same cluster. The reciprocal homologies of the ITS region sequences ranged from 98 to 100%. The strains of P. salmoneostramineus were also analyzed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with 20 arbitrary primers. RAPD results suggested that tested strains of P. salmoneostramineus were genetically similar with some variations, thus it could be concluded that RAPD and ITS techniques were well competent for detecting the genetic diversity of all tested strains of P. salmoneostramineus.

scholarly journals Optimization of Cellulase Production by Aspergillus niger Isolated from Forest Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srilakshmi Akula ◽  
Narasimha Golla
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Commercial Applications

Background:An impressive increase in the application of cellulases in various fields over the last few decades demands extensive research in improving its quality and large-scale production. Therefore, the current investigation focuses on factors relevant for optimal production of cellulase byAspergillus nigerisolated from forest soil.Method:Throughout this study, the fungal strainAspergillus nigerwas maintained under the submerged condition for a period of 7 days at 120 rpm rotational speed. Various physical and chemical conditions were employed in examining their influence on cellulase production by the selected fungal strain. After appropriate incubation, culture filtrates were withdrawn and checked for FPase, CMCase, and β-D-glucosidase activities.Results:The optimum pH and temperature for cellulase production were found to be 5.0 and 32°C, respectively. Among the various carbon sources tested in the present study, amendment of lactose in the medium yielded peak values of FPase (filter paperase) and CMCase (Carboxy-methyl cellulase) whereas fructose supported the higher titers of β-glucosidase. Among the nitrogen sources, profound FPase and CMCase activity were recorded when urea was used but higher β-glucosidase activity was noticed when yeast extract was added. Various natural lignocellulosic substrates like bagasse, coir, corncob, groundnut shells, litter, rice bran, rice husk, sawdust and wheat bran were tested to find out the induction of cellulase. Among the lignocelluloses, sawdust and litter served as good substrates for cellulase production byAspergillus niger.Conclusion:In gist, the outcome of this study sheds light on the cellulolytic potentiality of the fungal strainAspergillus nigerpromising in its future commercial applications which may be economically feasible.

scholarly journals Potensi Limbah Cair Industri Tapioka sebagai Media Pertumbuhan Starter Bakteri Asam Laktat Pediococcus pentosaceus E.1222

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
RAHAYU WULAN ◽  
ANJA MERYANDINI ◽  
TITI CANDRA SUNARTI
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Pediococcus Pentosaceus ◽  
De Man

Fermentation of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Pediococcus pentosaceus can improve the quality of food and its shelf life. Using commercial LAB specific media, de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) for growth on industrial scale application is not efficient. Tapioca wastewater (TW) still contains some of the nutrients needed for the growth of P. pentosaceus, but needs the enrichment of carbon sources (5% of glucose) and nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate). This study aimed to use tapioca industrial wastewater with the addition of glucose and ammonium sulfate as an alternative growth media for lactic acid bacteria P. pentosaceus E.1222. The results showed that glucose and nitrogen had no significant effect on the number of bacterial colonies. The highest substrate efficiency was tapioca wastewater (86.81%), MRS broth (53.73%), and TW with 5% of glucose and 1% of ammonium sulfate (43.53%) respectively. Maximum growth rate (μmaks) was found in TW with 5% of glucose and 1% of ammonium sulfate (0,52 hours-1). Increasing the starter volume until 1000 mL in TW with 5% of glucose and 1% of ammonium sulfate showed a slight decrease in the log number of bacteria from 8,836 (50 mL), 8,401 (500 mL), to 8,063 (1000 mL). 

scholarly journals Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthesis by Burkholderia glumae into a Sustainable Sugarcane Biorefinery Concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Bilia Chimello de Paula ◽  
Fabrício Coutinho de Paula-Elias ◽  
Marcela Nogueira Rodrigues ◽  
Luciana Fontes Coelho ◽  
Nayra Morgana Lima de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polymer Content ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Pre Treatment

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) bioplastic was synthesized by Burkholderia glumae MA13 from carbon sources and industrial byproducts related to sugarcane biorefineries: sucrose, xylose, molasses, vinasse, bagasse hydrolysate, yeast extract, yeast autolysate, and inactivated dry yeast besides different inorganic nitrogen sources. Sugarcane molasses free of pre-treatment was the best carbon source, even compared to pure sucrose, with intracellular polymer accumulation values of 41.1–46.6% cell dry weight. Whereas, xylose and bagasse hydrolysate were poor inducers of microbial growth and polymer synthesis, the addition of 25% (v/v) sugarcane vinasse to the culture media containing molasses was not deleterious and resulted in a statistically similar maximum polymer content of 44.8% and a maximum PHA yield of 0.18 g/g, at 34°C and initial pH of 6.5, which is economic and ecologically interesting to save water required for the industrial processes and especially to offer a fermentative recycling for this final byproduct from bioethanol industry, as an alternative to its inappropriate disposal in water bodies and soil contamination. Ammonium sulfate was better even than tested organic nitrogen sources to trigger the PHA synthesis with polymer content ranging from 29.7 to 44.8%. GC-MS analysis showed a biopolymer constituted mainly of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) although low fractions of 3-hydroxyvalerate monomer were achieved, which were not higher than 1.5 mol% free of copolymer precursors. B. glumae MA13 has been demonstrated to be adapted to synthesize bioplastics from different sugarcane feedstocks and corroborates to support a biorefinery concept with value-added green chemicals for the sugarcane productive chain with additional ecologic benefits into a sustainable model.

scholarly journals Streptococcus suis Uptakes Carbohydrate Source from Host Glycoproteins by N-glycans Degradation System for Optimal Survival and Full Virulence during Infection

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiale Ma ◽  
Ze Zhang ◽  
Zihao Pan ◽  
Qiankun Bai ◽  
Xiaojun Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
High Mannose ◽  
Swine Serum

Infection with the epidemic virulent strain of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) can cause septicemia in swine and humans, leading to pneumonia, meningitis and even cytokine storm of Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. Despite some progress concerning the contribution of bacterial adhesion, biofilm, toxicity and stress response to the SS2 systemic infection, the precise mechanism underlying bacterial survival and growth within the host bloodstream remains elusive. Here, we reported the SS2 virulent strains with a more than 20 kb endoSS-related insertion region that showed significantly higher proliferative ability in swine serum than low-virulent strains. Further study identified a complete N-glycans degradation system encoded within this insertion region, and found that both GH92 and EndoSS contribute to bacterial virulence, but that only DndoSS was required for optimal growth of SS2 in host serum. The supplement of hydrolyzed high-mannose-containing glycoprotein by GH92 and EndoSS could completely restore the growth deficiency of endoSS deletion mutant in swine serum. EndoSS only hydrolyzed a part of the model glycoprotein RNase B with high-mannose N-linked glycoforms into a low molecular weight form, and the solo activity of GH92 could not show any changes comparing with the blank control in SDS-PAGE gel. However, complete hydrolyzation was observed under the co-incubation of EndoSS and GH92, suggesting GH92 may degrade the high-mannose arms of N-glycans to generate a substrate for EndoSS. In summary, these findings provide compelling evidences that EndoSS-related N-glycans degradation system may enable SS2 to adapt to host serum-specific availability of carbon sources from glycoforms, and be required for optimal colonization and full virulence during systemic infection.

scholarly journals A Rapid Method for Performing a Multivariate Optimization of Phage Production Using the RCCD Approach

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Jessica Silva ◽  
Roberto Dias ◽  
José Ivo Junior ◽  
Maraísa Marcelino ◽  
Mirelly Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Delivery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Luria Bertani Broth ◽  
Phage Production ◽  
Set Up

Bacteriophages can be used in various applications, from the classical approach as substitutes for antibiotics (phage therapy) to new biotechnological uses, i.e., as a protein delivery vehicle, a diagnostic tool for specific strains of bacteria (phage typing), or environmental bioremediation. The demand for bacteriophage production increases daily, and studies that improve these production processes are necessary. This study evaluated the production of a T4-like bacteriophage vB_EcoM-UFV09 (an E. coli-infecting phage with high potential for reducing environmental biofilms) in seven types of culture media (Luria–Bertani broth and the M9 minimal medium with six different carbon sources) employing four cultivation variables (temperature, incubation time, agitation, and multiplicity of infection). For this purpose, the rotatable central composite design (RCCD) methodology was used, combining and comparing all parameters to determine the ideal conditions for starting to scale up the production process. We used the RCCD to set up the experimental design by combining the cultivation parameters in a specific and systematic way. Despite the high number of conditions evaluated, the results showed that when specific conditions were utilized, viral production was effective even when using a minimal medium, such as M9/glucose, which is less expensive and can significantly reduce costs during large-scale phage production.

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