scholarly journals Biomass and catabolic diversity of microbial communities with long-term restoration, bare fallow and cropping history in Chinese Mollisols

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wang ◽  
J. Jin ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Community Function ◽  
Catabolic Diversity ◽  
Natural Restoration ◽  
Bare Fallow

Microbial biomass and community catabolic diversities at three depths (0−10 cm, 20−30 cm, and 40−50 cm) in Chinese Mollisols as influenced by long-term managements of natural restoration, cropping and bare fallow were investigated. Microbial biomass was estimated from chloroform fumigation-extraction and substrate-induced respiration (SIR), and catabolic diversity was determined by using Biolog® EcoPlate. Experimental results showed that microbial biomass significantly declined with soil depth in the treatments of restoration and cropping, and not in the treatment of bare fallow, where the microbial biomass had a positive relationship with the total soil C content. The inspections into the catabolic capability of the microbial community at the same soil depth showed that the treatment of natural restoration had a relatively stronger metabolic ability than the cropping and bare fallow treatments. Shannon”s diversity index, substrate richness and substrate evenness calculated from the Biolog data were higher in the treatments of natural restoration and cropping than the bare fallow treatment with the same soil depth, and with the highest values in the top soil. Principal component analysis indicated that the catabolic profiles not only varied with the soil depth in each treatment, but also differed in the three treatments within the same soil depth. The catabolic profiles of the three treatments were similar to each other in the soil depth of 0−10 cm and distinctly different in the soil depths of 20−30 cm and 40−50 cm. These results suggest that it was microbial biomass rather than community function that was influenced by the different soil management in the topsoil (0−10 cm); in the relative depths, the soil microbial community function was more easily influenced than microbial biomass.

Bacterial Community Structure in a Mollisol Under Long-Term Natural Restoration, Cropping, and Bare Fallow History Estimated by PCR-DGGE

Pedosphere ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Hua WANG ◽  
Jian JIN ◽  
Jun-Jie LIU ◽  
Xue-Li CHEN ◽  
Ju-Dong LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Natural Restoration ◽  
Bare Fallow

scholarly journals Biome-Level Biogeography of Streambed Microbiota

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 3014-3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Findlay ◽  
Christine Yeates ◽  
Meredith A. J. Hullar ◽  
David A. Stahl ◽  
Louis A. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Microbial Community Structures

ABSTRACT A field study was conducted to determine the microbial community structures of streambed sediments across diverse geographic and climatic areas. Sediment samples were collected from three adjacent headwater forest streams within three biomes, eastern deciduous (Pennsylvania), southeastern coniferous (New Jersey), and tropical evergreen (Guanacaste, Costa Rica), to assess whether there is biome control of stream microbial community structure. Bacterial abundance, microbial biomass, and bacterial and microbial community structures were determined using classical, biochemical, and molecular methods. Microbial biomass, determined using phospholipid phosphate, was significantly greater in the southeastern coniferous biome, likely due to the smaller grain size, higher organic content, and lower levels of physical disturbance of these sediments. Microbial community structure was determined using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and bacterial community structure from terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and edited (microeukaryotic PLFAs removed) PLFA profiles. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate patterns in total microbial community structure. The first principal component separated streams based on the importance of phototrophic microeukaryotes within the community, while the second separated southeastern coniferous streams from all others based on increased abundance of fungal PLFAs. PCA also indicated that within- and among-stream variations were small for tropical evergreen streams and large for southeastern coniferous streams. A similar analysis of bacterial community structure indicated that streams within biomes had similar community structures, while each biome possessed a unique streambed community, indicating strong within-biome control of stream bacterial community structure.

scholarly journals Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil microbial biomass and community function in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. e018
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Jun Cui ◽  
Zhen Teng ◽  
Wei Fan ◽  
Mengran Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Community Function ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Dormant Season

Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 5-year simulated nitrogen (N) deposition on soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), microbial community activity and diversity in subtropical old-growth forest ecosystems.Area of study: The study was conducted in forest located at subtropical forest in Anhui, east China.Material and methods: Three blocks with three fully randomized plots of 20 m × 20 m with similar forest community and soil conditions were established. The site applied ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) to simulate N deposition (50 and 100 kg N ha−1 year −1). From three depths (0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm), were collected over four seasons (December, March, June and September), and then measured by community-level physiological profiles (CLPPs).Main results: N addition had no significant effect on MBC and MBN. The spatiotemporal variations in MBC and MBN were controlled by seasonality and soil depth. Soil microbial activities and diversity in the growing season (June and September) were apparently higher than the dormant season (March and December), there were significantly lower diversity indices found following N addition in September. However, N addition enhanced microbial activities and increased diversity indices in the dormant season. Redundancy analysis showed that pH, soil moisture, NO3--N and total phosphorus were the most important factors controlling the spatial pattern of microbial metabolic activity.Research highlights: These results suggest that soil microbial community function is more easily influenced than microbial biomass. The site has a trend of P-limited or near-N saturation, and will threaten the whole forest ecosystem with the increasing duration of N addition.Keywords: Nitrogen deposition; Seasonality; Soil microbial biomass; Microbial community; Subtropical old-growth forest.

Enzyme activity, microbial biomass and community structure in a long-term restored soil under semi-arid conditions

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Torres ◽  
F. Bastida ◽  
T. Hernández ◽  
J. Albaladejo ◽  
C. García
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Semi Arid

Our aim was to evaluate the long-term influences of urban organic amendments on the enzymes involved in the carbon cycle under semi-arid conditions, including changes in the biomass and structure of the microbial community. A soil was restored 24 years ago with an organic amendment based on domestic organic waste. Organic amendment was applied to soil in order to increase the content of total organic carbon (TOC) by 0.5% and 1.5% with respect to the original TOC content. Enzyme isoform composition was studied by using zymographic techniques based on protein extraction, separation by gel electrophoresis and further enzyme-specific, in-gel staining. Total cellulose and β-glucosidase activities, microbial biomass estimated by phospholipid-fatty acid analysis and the number of isoforms of each enzyme showed increases related to the initial amount of organic amendment and the consequent development of vegetation. The information obtained by enzyme activity assays may be improved by the use of zymographic techniques, which allow the investigation of the variety of isoforms of each enzyme. This information could improve the understanding of the relationship between the microbial community and carbon cycling in restored areas.

scholarly journals The Effects of Soil Depth on the Structure of Microbial Communities in Agricultural Soils in Iowa, USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjie Hao ◽  
Yen Ning Chai ◽  
Lucas Dantas Lopes ◽  
Raziel A. Ordóñez ◽  
Emily E. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Deep Soils

This study investigated the differences in microbial community abundance, composition and diversity throughout the depth profiles in soils collected from corn and soybean fields in lowa, USA using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The results revealed decreased richness and diversity in microbial communities at increasing soil depth. Soil microbial community composition differed due to crop type only in the top 60 cm and due to location only in the top 90 cm. While the relative abundance of most phyla decreased in deep soils, the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria increased and dominated agricultural soils below the depth of 90 cm. Although soil depth was the most important factor shaping microbial communities, edaphic factors including soil organic matter, soil bulk density and the length of time that deep soils were saturated with water were all significant factors explaining the variation in soil microbial community composition. Soil organic matter showed the highest correlation with the exponential decrease in bacterial abundance with depth. A greater understanding of how soil depth influences the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities is vital for guiding sampling approaches in agricultural soils where plant roots extend beyond the upper soil profile. In the long term a greater knowledge of the influence of depth on microbial communities should contribute to new strategies that enhance the sustainability of soil which is a precious resource for food security. IMPORTANCE Determining how microbial properties change across different soils and within the soil depth profile, will be potentially beneficial to understanding the long-term processes that are involved in the health of agricultural ecosystems. Most literature on soil microbes has been restricted to the easily accessible surface soils. However, deep soils are important in soil formation, carbon sequestration, and in providing nutrients and water for plants. In the most productive agricultural systems in the USA where soybean and corn are grown, crop plant roots extend into the deeper regions of soils (> 100 cm), but little is known about the taxonomic diversity or the factors that shape deep soil microbial communities. The findings reported here highlight the importance of soil depth in shaping microbial communities, provide new information about edaphic factors that influence the deep soil communities and reveal more detailed information on taxa that exist in deep agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Whole-soil warming decreases abundance and modifies the community structure of microorganisms in the subsoil but not in surface soil

SOIL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-494
Author(s):  
Cyrill U. Zosso ◽  
Nicholas O. E. Ofiti ◽  
Jennifer L. Soong ◽  
Emily F. Solly ◽  
Margaret S. Torn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Similar Response

Abstract. The microbial community composition in subsoils remains understudied, and it is largely unknown whether subsoil microorganisms show a similar response to global warming as microorganisms at the soil surface do. Since microorganisms are the key drivers of soil organic carbon decomposition, this knowledge gap causes uncertainty in the predictions of future carbon cycling in the subsoil carbon pool (> 50 % of the soil organic carbon stocks are below 30 cm soil depth). In the Blodgett Forest field warming experiment (California, USA) we investigated how +4 ∘C warming in the whole-soil profile to 100 cm soil depth for 4.5 years has affected the abundance and community structure of microorganisms. We used proxies for bulk microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and functional microbial groups based on lipid biomarkers, such as phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs). With depth, the microbial biomass decreased and the community composition changed. Our results show that the concentration of PLFAs decreased with warming in the subsoil (below 30 cm) by 28 % but was not affected in the topsoil. Phospholipid fatty acid concentrations changed in concert with soil organic carbon. The microbial community response to warming was depth dependent. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria increased in warmed subsoil, and Gram+ bacteria in subsoils adapted their cell membrane structure to warming-induced stress, as indicated by the ratio of anteiso to iso branched PLFAs. Our results show for the first time that subsoil microorganisms can be more affected by warming compared to topsoil microorganisms. These microbial responses could be explained by the observed decrease in subsoil organic carbon concentrations in the warmed plots. A decrease in microbial abundance in warmed subsoils might reduce the magnitude of the respiration response over time. The shift in the subsoil microbial community towards more Actinobacteria might disproportionately enhance the degradation of previously stable subsoil carbon, as this group is able to metabolize complex carbon sources.

scholarly journals Whole soil warming decreases abundance and modifies community structure of microorganisms in subsoil but not in surface soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrill U. Zosso ◽  
Nicholas O. E. Ofiti ◽  
Jennifer L. Soong ◽  
Emily F. Solly ◽  
Margaret S. Torn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Similar Response

Abstract. The microbial community composition in subsoils remains understudied and it is largely unknown whether subsoil microorganisms show a similar response to global warming as do microorganisms at the soil surface. Since microorganisms are key drivers of soil organic carbon decomposition, this knowledge gap causes uncertainty in predictions of future carbon cycling in the subsoil carbon pool (>50 % of the soil organic carbon stocks are below 30 cm soil depth). In the Blodgett forest field warming experiment (California, USA) we investigated how +4 °C warming the whole soil profile to 100 cm soil depth for 4.5 years has affected the abundance and community structure of microorganisms. We used proxies for bulk microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and functional microbial groups based on lipid biomarkers, such as phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs). Microbial biomass decreased and community composition changed with depth. Our results show that the concentration of PLFAs decreased with warming in the subsoil (below 30 cm) by 28 % but was not affected in the topsoil. Phospholipid fatty acid concentrations changed in concert with soil organic carbon. The microbial community response to warming was depth dependent. The relative abundance of actinobacteria increased in subsoil, and gram+ bacteria in subsoils adapted their cell-membrane structure to warming induced stress as indicated by the ratio of anteiso to iso PLFAs. Our results show for the first time that subsoil microorganisms can be more affected by warming as compared to topsoil microorganisms. These microbial responses could be explained by the observed decrease in subsoil organic carbon concentration in the warmed plots. A decrease in microbial abundance in warmed subsoils might reduce the magnitude of the respiration response over time. The shift in the subsoil microbial community towards more actinobacteria might disproportionately enhance degradation of previously stable subsoil carbon, as this group is able to metabolize complex carbon sources.

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