scholarly journals Why farm households have differences in corruption experiences? Evidences from Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 478-488
Author(s):  
A.R. Anik ◽  
S. Bauer ◽  
M.J. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Farm Households ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Determinants Of Corruption ◽  
Econometric Analyses ◽  
The Impact

The article explores the household-level determinants of corruption and its different forms in Bangladesh. It also identifies the micro-level factors for which households pay different amount of bribe. To attain these objectives, experiences of 210 Bangladeshi farm households belonging to six different districts of the country are analyzed. The econometric analyses show that the households with higher expenditure are more likely to face corruption and bribery, and also pay a higher amount of bribe. However, these households are less likely to face the negligence of duty and nepotism or favouritism. Such differences in the impact of the expenditure variable can be argued to be the outcome of a situation where corruption is pervasive and the officials have the bribe maximizing objective. Relationships with different power entities reduce the households’ probability to face corruption and its different forms, and can avoid a higher bribe payment. The results argue for several policy actions for combating corruption in the country.  

scholarly journals Econometric Analyses of Adoption and Household-Level Impacts of Improved Rice Varieties in the Uplands of Yunnan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaiyu Wang ◽  
Sushil Pandey ◽  
Lu Feng
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Econometric Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Higher-yielding rice varieties adapted to the upland conditions of Yunnan were developed and disseminated during the late 1990s. Using cross-sectional farm-level data of 448 households collected from five prefectures in Southern Yunnan, this paper carries out an econometric analysis of the determinants of variations in the adoption of improved varieties among households and assesses the impact of adoption on rice income and total household income. The two major determinants of adoption were found to be the government programs for extension of improved upland rice varieties and for terracing of sloping fields. The presence of government programs for extension and for terracing contributed to increased adoption of improved varieties. Household-specific factors such as land and labor endowments were less important as these variables had a statistically insignificant impact on adoption. The adoption of improved rice varieties increased both rice income and the average household income. About half of the household income difference observed between the full adopters and non-adopters of improved rice varieties with comparable household characteristics can be attributed directly to the adoption. The results imply that increased investments in promoting improved rice varieties and terracing will generate additional income growth in the uplands of Yunnan.

The Impact of Digital File Sharing on the Music Industry: An Empirical Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert J Michel
Keyword(s):  
Music Industry ◽  
File Sharing ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Consumer Expenditure Survey ◽  
Expenditure Survey ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Digital File ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The first file-sharing software, Napster, was shut down in 2001, but the copying technology’s impact on the music industry is still passionately debated. This paper uses micro-level data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey to examine the impact of Internet file sharing on music sales. Music industry representatives argue that the practice decreases CD sales, while supporters of file-sharing allege the practice could actually increase sales. Using household-level data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey, we find support for the claim that file-sharing has decreased sales.

scholarly journals Can Credit Program Improve Agricultural Productivity? Evidence from Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Gilang Wirakusuma ◽  
Irham Irham
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural credit is a vital policy in improving farm performance since agricultural households face financial constraints in their business. This study aims to: (1) examine the impact of credit s on agricultural productivity while investigating the difference in impact generated by loans originating from governmental program loans and nonprogram loans and; (2) identify the characteristics of farm households that influence the use of credit in their business. This study employed cross-sectional micro-data at the household level drawn from the 2013 Indonesian Agricultural Census, in which 86,922 rice farm households were randomly selected as the research sample. The model was examined by using Two-Stage Least Square to avoid the selectivity bias. Results show that credit originated from government programs has a small impact on agricultural productivity, although the significant correlation appears. Furthermore, the use of credit, both government programs, and non-programs are determined by socio-economic aspects, agricultural subsidy, perceptions on risks, and perception on-farm profitability. Based on the results, the provision of credit to agricultural activities has to be supported by the provision of supporting incentives, such as agricultural counseling and irrigation facilities, in order to boost agricultural productivity effectively.

scholarly journals Corruption and Political Interest: Empirical Evidence at the Micro Level

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Dong ◽  
Benno Torgler
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Determinants Of Corruption ◽  
The Impact

The topic of corruption has recently attracted a great deal of attention, yet there is still a lack of micro level empirical evidence regarding the determinants of corruption. Furthermore, the present literature has not investigated the effects of political interest on corruption despite the interesting potential of this link. We address these deficiencies by analyzing a cross-section of individuals, using the World Values Survey. We explore the determinants of corruption through two dependent variables (perceived corruption and the justifiability of corruption). The impact of political interest on corruption is explored through three different proxies, presenting empirical evidence at both the cross-country level and the within-country level. The results of the multivariate analysis suggest that political interest has an impact on corruption controlling for a large number of factors. JEL classification: K420, D720, 0170, J240

scholarly journals Determinants on the adoption of modern agricultural technology at farm household level: a case study in Dong Anh District, Hanoi city, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen X. Dinh ◽  
Nguyen M. Dung
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Farmer Education ◽  
Logit Regression Model ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to identify the determinants on the adoption of modern agricultural technology at farm level in Dong Anh district, Hanoi city, Vietnam. A total of 300 farm households from Dong Anh district were randomly interviewed face to face for the necessary data collection. Logit regression model was used to explore the impact of different factors on the adoption of the modern agricultural technology. Findings indicated that the farmer’ education, households’ income, farm size, access to extension services and access to credit had statistically significant and positive impacts on the adoption. Meanwhile the number of land plot reflected the negative impact on the adoption. To foster the level of adoption, this study urges stimulating land accumulation for larger farm size and reduced number of land plots. In addition, demonstration models and more training courses for the farmers emphasizing on how to apply the modern agricultural technology and credit program providing loan with preferential interest rate should be provided for the farm households in the district.

Is technological change a devourer of jobs?

2017 ◽  
pp. 111-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Technological Unemployment ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Task Sets ◽  
The Impact

The paper provides a critical analysis of the idea of technological unemployment. The overview of the existing literature on the employment effects of technological change shows that on the micro-level there exists strong and positive relationship between innovations and employment growth in firms; on the sectoral level this correlation becomes ambiguous; on the macro-level the impact of new technologies seems to be positive or neutral. This implies that fears of explosive growth of technological unemployment in the foreseeable future are exaggerated. Our analysis further suggests that new technologies affect mostly the structure of employment rather than its level. Additionally we argue that automation and digitalisation would change mostly task sets within particular occupations rather than distribution of workers by occupations.

Household and Population-Level Behavioural Changes Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Smart Thermostat Based Comparative Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kirti Sundar Sahu ◽  
Arlene Oetomo ◽  
Niloofar Jalali ◽  
Plinio P. Morita
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Smart Thermostat ◽  
The Impact

The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. To inhibit the spread of COVID-19, governments around the globe, including Canada, have implemented physical distancing and lockdown measures, including a work-from-home policy. Canada in 2020 has developed a 24-Hour Movement Guideline for all ages laying guidance on the ideal amount of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep (PASS) for an individual in a day. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes on the household and population-level in lifestyle behaviours (PASS) and time spent indoors at the household level, following the implementation of physical distancing protocols and stay-at-home guidelines. For this study, we used 2019 and 2020 data from ecobee, a Canadian smart Wi-Fi thermostat company, through the Donate Your Data (DYD) program. Using motion sensors data, we quantified the amount of sleep by using the absence of movement, and similarly, increased sensor activation to show a longer duration of household occupancy. The key findings of this study were; during the COVID-19 pandemic, overall household-level activity increased significantly compared to pre-pandemic times, there was no significant difference between household-level behaviours between weekdays and weekends during the pandemic, average sleep duration has not changed, but the pattern of sleep behaviour significantly changed, specifically, bedtime and wake up time delayed, indoor time spent has been increased and outdoor time significantly reduced. Our data analysis shows the feasibility of using big data to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the household and population-level behaviours and patterns of change.

Transnational logic of gratitude: Marriage migrants’ narratives on marital satisfaction in South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092199469
Author(s):  
Gowoon Jung
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Marriage Migrants ◽  
Sociology Of Emotion ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

Scholarship on marriage migrants has examined the impact of class and gender ideology of receiving countries on their marital satisfaction. However, little is known about the role of transnational background in explaining women’s feelings of gratitude for husbands. Drawing on qualitative in-depth interviews with marriage migrant women residing in the eastern side of Seoul, Korea, this article explores the micro-level cognitive processes in understanding women’s gratitude for their husbands. Categorizing marriage migrants into two groups, ‘gratified’ and ‘ungratified’ wives, the author demonstrates how the gratified wives’ feelings of contentment is mediated by their active comparison of Korean husbands with local men in their homelands, and how these viewpoints conversely affect their aspirations for return. Bringing the sociology of emotion into an explanation of marriage migrants’ marital satisfaction, this study aims to develop a transnational frame of reference as an underlying dynamic for comprehending marriage migrants’ (in)gratitude.

scholarly journals Sustainable Investments in Responsible SMEs: That’s What’s Distinguish Government VCs from Private VCs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Jeaneth Johansson ◽  
Malin Malmström ◽  
Joakim Wincent
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
Venture Capitalists ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Sustainable Investments ◽  
Private Venture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Performance

Researchers question the impact of governmental venture capitalists (GVC) compared to private venture capitalists (PVC), but we know little about why this difference occurs and if this criticism is justified. We observed a group of GVCs and developed a new model that describes the way that GVCs process signals pre- and post-decisions. Certain macro level factors severely undermine micro level performance, causing GVCs to financially underperform with respect to PVCs. This helped us to understand that GVCs do not make investment decisions in the same way as PVCs, and what undermines the performance of GVCs’ decision-making processes. The main goals of GVCs are to promote investments in responsible SMEs, mobilizing societal impact. We discuss that the criticism of GVC needs to be more nuanced, as they have a different role than PVC in the financial system as providers of sustainable investments in responsible SMEs.

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