Effects of cropping system and genotype on variability in important phytonutrients kontent of the barley grain for direct food use

In a four-year period (1997–2000), selected phytonutrients, of which the beta-glucan content is most important for human health, were studied in caryopses of different types of barley varieties and lines (standard, waxy, hulless) from two cropping systems. It was significantly highest in the waxy variety Washonubet (4.93%). The whole group of waxy types of barley showed a significantly higher mean content of beta-glucans (4.75%) than the varieties with standard starch composition (4.12%), the starch content, however, was significantly higher in standard varieties (61.98%) than in waxy types (60.30%). The hulless varieties, however, had a significantly higher mean starch content (61.73%) than the hulled forms (61.07%) and a significantly higher protein content (13.82% versus 13.00%). The hulless intensive varieties and lines had a significantly higher content of beta-glucans (4.34%) and protein (13.95%) than the hulled intensive varieties (4.07%, 12.65%). Chemical treatment and fertilization increased significantly only the mean content of protein in caryopses (13.77%) compared to the variants with the absence of treatment (13.13%), the content of beta-glucans and starch increased insignificantly (by 0.12% and 0.27%). Years and varieties participated most in the variability of starch content (31.67%, 28.08%), varieties in the content of beta-glucans and protein (per 22%), and (21%) the interaction of varieties and years in the variability of these two nutrients.

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Effect of Phosphorous Application on Yield and its Uptake by Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Different Cropping Systems

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-5742 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R. Sikka ◽

Simranpreet Kaur ◽

R.K. Gupta

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

P Uptake ◽

Spring Maize ◽

Stover Yield ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

The Mean ◽

Optimum Production

Background: Soybean-wheat is the most dominant soybean based cropping system and it also fits well in soybean-spring maize and soybean-gobhi sarson cropping systems. Soybean being a highly nutrient-exhaustive crop requires higher amounts of nutrients, particularly phosphorus for its optimum production. Thus, the present investigation was undertaken. Methods: A field experiment was conducted for three years to study the effect of phosphorous application on yield and P uptake by soybean in different cropping systems. There were three cropping systems which were kept in main plots and five P levels viz., 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 applied to soybean which were kept in the sub plot. Result: Application of 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 resulted in highest mean seed yield of soybean (20.9 qha-1) but significant response was observed up to 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 (19.8 qha-1) only. Highest mean seed P uptake of soybean was observed under application of 80 kg P2O5 ha-1. The mean seed yield, stover yield and P uptake of soybean was not affected significantly under different cropping systems. The interaction effects of cropping system and applied P levels were however non-significant. A significant build-up of available P in surface soil over control was observed under 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 level.

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Nutritional Quality of Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) Grown under Different Cropping Systems

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1515/prolas-2017-0083 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 481-485

Author(s):

Evita Straumīte ◽

Ruta Galoburda ◽

Lolita Tomsone ◽

Zanda Krūma ◽

Ilze Grāmatiņa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Starch Content ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Cropping System ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

Scavenging Activity

Abstract Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.) is mainly used for animal feed, but recent studies have shown its possible beneficial effect for human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional quality of triticale grown under different cropping systems in Latvia. Two winter triticale varieties, ‘Inarta’ and ‘Ruja’, were cultivated in 2014 and 2015 under conventional and organic cropping systems. Protein, starch, and total dietary fibre were determined using standard methods. Ultrasound assisted extraction was used for isolation of phenolic compounds. Total phenol content (TPC) and radical scavenging activity in extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. Overall, the highest content of protein, TPC and ABTS cation scavenging activity occurred in triticale harvested in 2014, due to favourable weather conditions (warm weather and more precipitation in June–July) for accumulation of these compounds during grain filling. Higher starch content in all studied samples harvested in 2015, as compared to 2014, was explained by higher precipitation in July 2015. The type of cropping system had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on protein and starch content, while TPC, DPPH, and ABTS·+ scavenging activity was influenced by cropping system, depending on variety.

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A Study on Sustainability of Contemporary Cropping Systems in Bam

Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.14738/assrj.710.9080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 78-88

Author(s):

Fatemeh Zarei ◽

Somaye Baniasadi

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Social Participation ◽

Market Access ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Mean Value ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Agricultural Knowledge ◽

The Mean

The study was conducted in Bam in 2019 to develop an index to quantify sustainability of cropping systems in the region. The studied cropping systems included single-cropping systems (palm trees) and multi-cropping systems (citrus, palm trees and alfalfa). The studied indices included economic, social, agricultural indices, as well as, personal features, market access, features of communication, education-extension activities, sustainable agricultural knowledge, attitude towards sustainable agriculture, and obstacles facing sustainable agriculture. The results indicated that the amount of sustainability index was lower than the mean value in 0.56% of the farms and this index was higher than the mean value in 0.44% of the others. Comparison of the mean value of sustainability indices in the studied cropping systems indicated that the mean indices of the type of cropping system, attitude towards sustainable agriculture and extension training activities in multi-cropping systems were more than single crops. The mean indices in social participation and the obstacles facing sustainable agriculture in single cropping systems was more than the multi-cropping ones. Some indices including social participation, sustainable agricultural knowledge and education-extension activities in multivariate regression model remained in the final model as variables that had the largest contribution in the rate of change in the dependent variable (sustainability) and explained = 60% of the changes in the dependent variable. The study showed that the sustainability of multi-cropping systems was more than the single-cropping ones.

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Barley Grain as a Source of Health-Beneficial Substances

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/609-cjfs ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽

pp. S242-S244 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

N. Březinová Belcredi ◽

J. Ehrenbergerová ◽

S. Běláková ◽

K. Vaculová

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Barley Grain ◽

The Other ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Soluble Fiber ◽

Beta Glucan ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

Beta Glucans ◽

Excellent Source

Barley is an excellent source of non-starch polysaccharides, i.e. soluble fiber (β-glucans and arabinoxylans), it contains many important vitamins (vitamin E and vitamin B-complex) and enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase). A set of the malting varieties and a line KM 1057 had statistically significantly higher content of arabinoxylans (4.40–5.58%) compared to the other KM lines (CZ origin) and the variety Merlin (Canada origin) (3.51–3.64%). Content of β-glucans in grain of varieties/lines was in a reverse order. The variety Merlin and lines KM (4.10–6.08%) had higher β-glucan content compared to the malting varieties and lines KM 1057 (2.78–4.02%). In the studied set of varieties/lines, strong negative correlation <I>(r</I> = –0.78**) between content of β-glucans and arabinoxylans was determined.

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On-farm Evaluation of Rice-groundnut Sequence vis-a-vis Rice-rice Cropping System under Limited Irrigated Situations of Telangana, India

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i2330863 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 148-155

Author(s):

Md. Latheef Pasha ◽

S. Sridevi ◽

M. Goverdhan ◽

G. Kiran Reddy ◽

Md. Alibaba

Keyword(s):

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Crop Diversification ◽

Average Value ◽

Net Returns ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Mean ◽

On Farm

Crop diversification with resource efficient and remunerative cropping systems is a sustainable agricultural practice. On farm evaluation with an improved cropping system of rice-groundnut vis-a-vis farmers’ practice of rice-rice was conducted in ten farmer’s fields of Medak district of Telangana state. Crop diversification with Rice-groundnut realized 7.3% (881 kg ha-1) higher mean rice grain equivalent yield (12969 kg ha-1) over farmer’s practice of cultivation of rice-rice (12,088 kg ha-1). Mean technology and extension gaps were 2,231 kg ha-1 and 881 kg ha-1 respectively. Technology index ranged from 8.8 to 23.7% with an average value of 14.7%. The mean gross and net returns of improved cropping system were Rs 1,92,930 and 1,09,658 ha-1, while that of farmers practice was Rs 1,81,320 and 83,955 ha-1 respectively. On an average a B C ratio of 2.3 was earned in improved cropping system as against the 1.9 under farmers practice. The mean additional returns in improved cropping system were Rs 13,210 ha-1 with a mean effective gain of Rs 27,303 ha-1. Improved cropping system registered a mean total productivity per day of 35.5 kg ha-1 day-1 with a mean profitability of Rs 300 day-1. Average Production Use Efficiency of improved cropping system was 56.4 kg ha-1 day-1, while that of farmer’s practice was 49.3 kg ha-1 day-1. The edge in productive economic parameters in terms of Mean Relative Productive Use Efficiency and Relative Economic Efficiency were 7.3 and 30.6 respectively and were indicating the profitability of improved cropping system.

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EFFECT OF CROPPING SYSTEMS AND FERTILIZERS ON MEAN WEIGHT-DIAMETER OF AGGREGATES OF BRETON PLOT SOILS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss59-020 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 151-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

J. A. Toogood ◽

D. L. Lynch

Keyword(s):

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Polysaccharide Content ◽

Definite Relationship ◽

Mean Weight Diameter ◽

Cropping Practices ◽

The Mean ◽

Wet Sieving

Aggregate analyses of Breton plot soils using a wet sieving technique revealed marked differences resulting from cropping practices but few, if any, due to fertilizers. The mean weight-diameter of soils from plots in a 5-year rotation of grains and legumes was almost double the diameter of soils from plots in a wheat-fallow sequence. With respect to fertilizers, however, mean weight-diameter of soils from high yielding plots in either cropping system were in general similar to those on low-yielding plots of the system in question. Incidentally polysaccharide content of the soil showed a definite relationship to mean weight-diameter.

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Nitrate Leaching to a Shallow Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer as Influenced by Conventional No-Till and Low-Input Sustainable Grain Production Systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0475 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (3-5) ◽

pp. 691-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. P. Craig ◽

R. R. Weil

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Production Systems ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽

Grain Production ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Mineral N ◽

Low Input ◽

No Till

In December, 1987, the states in the Chesapeake Bay region, along with the federal government, signed an agreement which called for a 40% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to the Bay by the year 2000. To accomplish this goal, major reductions in nutrient loadings associated with agricultural management practices were deemed necessary. The objective of this study was to determine if reducing fertilizer inputs to the NT system would result in a reduction in nitrogen contamination of groundwater. In this study, groundwater, soil, and percolate samples were collected from two cropping systems. The first system was a conventional no-till (NT) grain production system with a two-year rotation of corn/winter wheat/double crop soybean. The second system, denoted low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA), produced the same crops using a winter legume and relay-cropped soybeans into standing wheat to reduce nitrogen and herbicide inputs. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in groundwater were significantly lower under the LISA system. Over 80% of the NT groundwater samples had NO3-N concentrations greater than 10 mgl-1, compared to only 4% for the LISA cropping system. Significantly lower soil mineral N to a depth of 180 cm was also observed. The NT soil had nearly twice as much mineral N present in the 90-180 cm portion than the LISA cropping system.

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Influence of Organic and Conventional Farming on Grain Yield and Protein Composition of Chickpea Genotypes

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Michele Andrea De Santis ◽

Michele Rinaldi ◽

Valeria Menga ◽

Pasquale Codianni ◽

Luigia Giuzio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Cropping System ◽

Protein Composition ◽

2S Albumin ◽

Sds Page ◽

Health Quality ◽

Water Holding

Chickpea is a key crop in sustainable cropping systems and for its nutritional value. Studies on agronomic and genetic influences on chickpea protein composition are missing. In order to obtain a deep insight into the genetic response of chickpeas to management in relation to agronomic and quality traits, a two-year field trial was carried out with eight chickpea genotypes under an organic and conventional cropping system. Protein composition was assessed by SDS-PAGE in relation to the main fractions (vicilin, convicilin, legumin, lectin, 2s-albumin). Crop response was highly influenced by year and presumably also by management, with a −50% decrease in grain yield under organic farming, mainly due to a reduction in seed number per m2. No effect of crop management was observed on protein content, despite significant differences in terms of protein composition. The ratio between the major globulins, 7s vicilin and 11s legumin, showed a negative relationship with grain yield and was found to be higher under organic farming. Among genotypes, black-seed Nero Senise was characterized by the highest productivity and water-holding capacity, associated with low lectin content. These findings highlight the importance of the choice of chickpea genotypes for cultivation under organic farming in relation to both agronomic performance and technological and health quality.

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Combined effects of landscape composition and pesticide use on herbivore and pollinator functions in smallholder farms

CABI Agriculture and Bioscience ◽

10.1186/s43170-021-00027-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Quentin Struelens ◽

Diego Mina ◽

Olivier Dangles

Keyword(s):

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Landscape Composition ◽

Pesticide Use ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Pollinator Abundance ◽

New Information ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Effect On Yield

Abstract Background Landscape composition has the potential to foster regulating ecosystem services such as pollination and biocontrol in temperate regions. However, most landscape studies do not take pesticide use into account even though it is the main control strategy worldwide and has negative impacts on beneficial insects. Moreover, few studies have explored these combined effects in smallholder cropping system with diverse landscapes and small cultivated fields. Methods We assessed the effect of semi-natural cover and pesticide use on pollinator and herbivore abundances and functions in 9 fields in the Ecuadorian Andes through participatory experiments with smallholder farmers. We performed a path analysis to quantify the effects of landscape and pesticide use on herbivory, pollination and ultimately yield. Results Pesticide use significantly reduced pollinator abundance but had no significant effect on pest abundance. Similarly, we found non-significant effects of landscape composition on either herbivory and pollination. The study also provides new information on understudied Andean lupine’s pests and pollinators, whose application for small farmers is discussed. Finally, we hypothesize that peculiarities of tropical smallholder cropping systems and landscapes could explain the non-significant landscape effects on insect-based processes, which calls for more research in places outside the well-studied temperate region. Conclusions Landscape composition did not show any significant effect on pest and pollinator while pesticide use decreased the abundance pollinators, but with no significant effect on yield. This study also provides information about Andean lupine reproduction and overcompensation mechanisms that could be of interest for local farmers and researchers of this understudied crop.

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Immunomodulating Effects of Fungal Beta-Glucans: From Traditional Use to Medicine

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1333

Author(s):

Hidde P. van Steenwijk ◽

Aalt Bast ◽

Alie de Boer

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Good Health ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Health Claims ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Current Status ◽

Beta Glucan ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Beta Glucans ◽

And Function

The importance of a well-functioning and balanced immune system has become more apparent in recent decades. Various elements have however not yet been uncovered as shown, for example, in the uncertainty on immune system responses to COVID-19. Fungal beta-glucans are bioactive molecules with immunomodulating properties. Insights into the effects and function of beta-glucans, which have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries, advances with the help of modern immunological and biotechnological methods. However, it is still unclear into which area beta-glucans fit best: supplements or medicine? This review has highlighted the potential application of fungal beta-glucans in nutrition and medicine, reviewing their formulation, efficacy, safety profile, and immunomodulating effects. The current status of dietary fungal glucans with respect to the European scientific requirements for health claims related to the immune system and defense against pathogens has been reviewed. Comparing the evidence base of the putative health effects of fungal beta-glucan supplements with the published guidance documents by EFSA on substantiating immune stimulation and pathogen defense by food products shows that fungal beta-glucans could play a role in supporting and maintaining health and, thus, can be seen as a good health-promoting substance from food, which could mean that this effect may also be claimed if approved. In addition to these developments related to food uses of beta-glucan-containing supplements, beta-glucans could also hold a novel position in Western medicine as the concept of trained immunity is relatively new and has not been investigated to a large extent. These innovative concepts, together with the emerging success of modern immunological and biotechnological methods, suggest that fungal glucans may play a promising role in both perspectives, and that there are possibilities for traditional medicine to provide an immunological application in both medicine and nutrition.

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