Growth of Norway spruce seedlings after transplanting into silty soil amended with biochar: a bioassay in a growth chamber

Biochar (BC), the carbon-rich by-product resulting from pyrolysis of biomass, is used for bioenergy and increasingly as a soil additive for carbon sequestration and soil improvement. However, information about the effects of BC on forest productivity and reforestation success, especially on boreal and temperate forest soils, is scant. We examined the effects of two BC types (Canadian and Finnish) added in proportions up to 60 vol.% into a common alluvial silty soil on the growth of transplanted Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) seedlings in a growth chamber. We found no marked differences in seedling growth among the binary growing media mixes used. Seedling growth attributes (seedling height, terminal shoot growth, root volume) differed consistently only between the BC types in the highest proportion used. The terminal shoot growth differed overall among the two BC types. These results suggest that BC may be applied into mineral soils without detrimental chemical effects on tree plantation success. Our results provide foundation for further field research on the longer-term impacts of adding BCs to boreal forest soils.  

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Chilling of Endodormant Peach Propagules: V. Comparisons between Seeds, Seedlings, and Cuttings

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.118.2.269 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 118 (2) ◽

pp. 269-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James W. Frisby ◽

Schuyler D. Seeley

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

The Other ◽

Terminal Shoot ◽

Growth Of Seedlings ◽

Accurate Indicator

We determined whether the chilling process (endodormancy release) was similar in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batch cv. Johnson Elberta] seeds, seedlings (near normal to physiologically dwarfed), and mature plants (cuttings) by comparing correlation coefficients of various growth measurements following similar chilling treatments. Seed germination (10 days after forcing at 20C) and seedling emergence (15 days after forcing in the greenhouse) correlated highly with leaf and shoot growth (56 days of growth) of seedlings and terminal shoot growth of cuttings (13 days after forcing). The correlations were higher for germination than for emergence. Initial (first season) seedling growth correlated poorly with germination, emergence, budbreak, and growth of seedlings (second season) and shoot growth of cuttings. Budbreak and growth of seedlings correlated highly with shoot growth of cuttings. The abnormal leaf problem, which can cause apex abortion (common with initial seedling growth), confounded correlations with initial seedling growth. Yet, the abnormal leaf problem did not hinder correlations with the second seasons growth. Good relationships between the chilling mechanisms that promoted germination, emergence, budbreak, and growth of seedlings and shoot growth of cuttings existed, but were dependent on what was measured and when the measurement was taken. Germination (forced at 20C) was the most accurate indicator of the seed chilling status for comparisons with the responses of the other propagules.

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Seedling growth of the invader Calotropis procera in ironstone rupestrian field and seasonally dry forest soils

Neotropical Biology and Conservation ◽

10.4013/nbc.2009.42.01 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 69-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Silvia Oliveira ◽

Daniel Negreiros ◽

G. Wilson Fernandes ◽

Newton Barbosa ◽

Rafaella Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seedling Growth ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Seasonally Dry ◽

Seasonally Dry Forest

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Testing of microbial additives in the rooting of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stem cuttings

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/21/2011-jfs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 555-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Repáč ◽

J. Vencurik ◽

M. Balanda

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Alginate Bead ◽

Block Design ◽

The Other ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Ecm Fungi

Laboratory-produced alginate-bead inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi Cortinarius sp. and Gomphidius glutinosus, fungal commercial products ECtovit® and Trichomil®, bacterial commercial product BactoFil B®, and commercial rooting stimulator Vetozen® were applied to a peat-perlite (1:2, v:v) rooting substrate of Norway spruce stem cuttings collected from 4-year-old nursery-grown seedlings immediately before the insertion of cuttings into the substrate. The application of beads free of fungi and the substrate without an additive were the other treatments. The cuttings were rooted in vessels (60 cuttings per vessel, 180 per treatment) placed in a glasshouse and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The cuttings were estimated for one growing season (approximately for 26 weeks) after their insertion into the rooting substrate. Rooting % of the cuttings ranged from 45 (mycelium-free beads) to 75 (control) according to treatments, 64 on average. No significant differences among treatments were found in % of ECM morphotypes, total ECM colonization of roots (%), and growth parameters of shoots and roots of the cuttings. The applied microbial additives were not sufficiently efficient to form treatment-related ectomycorrhizas that were formed by naturally occurring ECM fungi. Inoculation by the ECM fungus Cortinarius sp. and application of Trichomil had a partial stimulative effect on the shoot growth of cuttings. Shoot and root growth parameters were not significantly correlated with total ECM colonization, except for a negative dependence of the root number in Trichomil treatment. A higher concentration of K but lower concentrations of Ca and Mg in Ectovit treatment than in the other treatments were detected.

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Ectomycorrhizal Community on Norway Spruce Seedlings Following Bark Beetle Infestation

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10090740 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 740 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Petra Veselá ◽

Martina Vašutová ◽

Karolína Hofmannová ◽

Magda Edwards-Jonášová ◽

Pavel Cudlín

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Bark Beetle ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Forest Type ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Forest Disturbances ◽

Phialocephala Fortinii ◽

Exploration Types ◽

Seedling Roots ◽

Mycelial Network

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi importantly influence seedling growth, nutrition, and survival and create an extensive mycelial network interconnecting tree species and enabling resource redistribution. Due to their symbiotic relationship with trees, they are impacted by forest disturbances, which are of increasing relevance due to climate change. The effect of disturbance on seedling colonization and their morphology is still largely unknown. Seedling growth parameters and the ECM fungal assemblage on the roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) seedlings were assessed in mature spruce forests attacked and destroyed by bark beetle and in a mature non-attacked forest as a reference. We did not detect significant differences in number of ECM species on seedling roots among forest types, but ECM species composition changed; Tylospora fibrillosa (Burt) Donk, Meliniomyces variabilis Hambl. & Sigler, and Phialocephala fortinii C.J.K. Wang & H.E. Wilcox were characteristic species in the forest destroyed by bark beetle, whereas Lactarius, Cortinarius, and Russula were in the mature forest. Forest type further significantly influenced the height, root length, and root collar thickness of seedlings and the proportion of exploration types of mycorrhizae.

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Light inhibition of rooting in Norway spruce (Picea abies) cuttings

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b79-160 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 57 (12) ◽

pp. 1314-1316 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Lars-Helge Strömquist ◽

Lennart Eliasson

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Tap Water ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Irradiance Level ◽

Light Inhibition ◽

Lower Irradiance

Stem cuttings from 3-year-old seedlings of Picea abies L. (Karst.) (Norway spruce) were rooted in tap water in a growth chamber. The effect of two levels of irradiance given to either the upper two thirds of the cuttings or to the whole cutting was investigated. When only the upper two thirds of the cuttings were irradiated, the number of cuttings which rooted was lower at the higher irradiance level (40 W m−2) as compared with the number rooting at the lower irradiance level (8 W m−2). Rooting was inhibited almost completely at either of the irradiances if the base of the cutting was also irradiated.

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Norway Spruce Fine Roots and Fungal Hyphae Grow Deeper in Forest Soils After Extended Drought

Soil Biological Communities and Ecosystem Resilience ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-63336-7_8 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 123-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Isabella Børja ◽

Douglas L. Godbold ◽

Jan Světlík ◽

Nina E. Nagy ◽

Roman Gebauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Fine Roots ◽

Fungal Hyphae

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Germination Ecology of Milkweedvine (Morrenia odorata)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500059981 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 781-785 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Megh Singh ◽

Nagi Reddy Achhireddy

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Osmotic Stress ◽

Root Growth ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Planting Depth ◽

Germination Ecology ◽

Optimum Ph

The germination of milkweedvine (Morrenia odorataLindl. ♯3MONOD) seed at 20 or 25 C was unaffected by a 12-h photoperiod. The 12-h photoperiod, however, decreased germination by 50% at 15 C. No germination occurred at 35 C regardless of photoperiod. By alternating 35 C for 12 h with 20 C for 12 h, the germination percentage was 57%. Seedling growth was maximum at alternating temperatures of 30/20 C. Optimum pH for germination and seedling growth was 7 and germination did not occur at pH levels below 6. Seed germination declined steadily at osmotic stress below −0.12 MPa; no germination occurred at −0.5 MPa. Seedling growth was not influenced by osmotic stress down to −0.18 MPa. Germination percentages of seeds kept under aerated water and nonaerated water were similar, but the seedling growth was greater in aerated water. Seedling emergence was maximum from depths of 0.5 to 2.5 cm, but no seedling emerged from 0 or 10 cm. Planting depth was negatively correlated (r = −0.7) with shoot growth but positively correlated (r = +0.98) to root growth.

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On the Occurrence of Natural Norway Spruce Woodland in the Pieniny Mts (Western Carpathians)

Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica ◽

10.1515/aslh-2015-0010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 123-138

Author(s):

Peter Kučera

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Field Research ◽

Forest Stand ◽

Published Data ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽

Altitudinal Limit

Abstract According to Kulczyński (1928), a natural Picea abies forest occurs in the mountain range of the Pieniny Mts on the slopes of the mountain Vysoke skalky. Later, various data on the altitudinal range of this stand (and thus on the locality itself) were published: (1) 890 (900) - 950 m, (2) 1000 - 1050 m or (3) around 1000 m. The aim of the field research was to verify published data on the occurrence of a woodland of Upper Mountain Norway spruce (association Polysticho-Piceetum) in the territory of Vysoke skalky. A field study in the area has revealed that most of published data on the occurrence of the Kulczyński’s Picea woodland are incorrect, as its real upper altitudinal limit reaches ± 940 m. The main result is the confirmation of the real existence of a Vaccinium myrtillus-Homogyne alpina-Picea abies phytocoenosis in the territory of Vysoke skalky. However, tree species other than Picea abies (e.g. Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus) could persist in the special habitat of Kulczyński’s ‘Picea woodland’. The natural vegetation of this place was formed by mixed forest stand.

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Shoot growth processes, assessed by bud development types, reflect Norway spruce vitality and sink prioritization

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2006.01.027 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 225 (1-3) ◽

pp. 337-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Tomás Polák ◽

Barrett N. Rock ◽

Petya Entcheva Campbell ◽

Jitka Soukupová ◽

Blanka Solcová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Growth Processes ◽

Bud Development

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Response of Micropropagated Apple Trees to Field Establishment Procedures

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.11.1364 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 1364-1365 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard H. Zimmerman

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Growing Season ◽

First Year ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Terminal Shoot

Growth, flowering, and fruiting of micropropagated `Jonathan' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) transferred in Spring 1983 to the field from either a nursery, cold storage, or greenhouse were compared. First-year shoot and trunk growth was greatest for trees transplanted from the nursery and least for trees that were held in the greenhouse before being transferred to the field. Trees pruned low (35 cm) at planting time had more terminal shoot growth and less trunk cross-sectional area after the first growing season than those pruned high (90 cm). The effect of preplanting cultural practices on vegetative growth diminished in the 2nd year and disappeared by the end of the 3rd year in the orchard. Flowering began in 1985 and was only slightly affected by preplanting cultural practices and pruning treatments. Fruiting was not affected by the treatments.

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