scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana strain 202 against sap-sucking insect pests

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bugti Ghulam Ali ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Na Cao ◽  
Feng Lin Hua
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Experimental Trial ◽  
Fungal Inoculation

An experimental trial was conducted to determine the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana strain 202 (Bb-202) against multiple targeted sucking insect species that are serious pests of crops and ornamental plants. The insect species, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Jacobiasca formosana Paoli (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and Stephanitis nashi (Hemiptera: Tingidae) were exposed to conidia of B. bassiana at rates of 1.0 × 10<sup>2</sup>, 3.5 × 10<sup>3</sup>, 5 × 10<sup>4</sup>, and 6.75 × 10<sup>5 </sup>conidia/mm<sup>2</sup> to determine the pathogenicity of B. bassiana. The fungal strain Bb-202 showed the highest pathogenicity to M. persicae and 100% corrected mortality observed in the treatments over 1.0 × 10<sup>2 </sup>conidia/mm<sup>2</sup>, followed by the J. formosana with the final corrected mortality of 86.6, 94.4, and 97.4% after 10 days of fungal inoculation with 3.5 × 10<sup>3</sup>, 5 × 10<sup>4</sup>, and 6.75 × 10<sup>5 </sup>conidia/mm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The strain Bb-202 also showed good pathogenicity to B. tabaci and corrected mortalities of 77.9 and 81.1% were recorded when exposed to 5 × 10<sup>4</sup> and 6.75 × 10<sup>5 </sup>conidia/mm<sup>2</sup>. Relatively weak pathogenicity was observed in S. nashi, in which the highest corrected mortality of 63.7% occurred at 6.75 × 10<sup>5 </sup>conidia/mm<sup>2</sup>. Accordingly, the LC<sub>50 </sub>and LT<sub>50 </sub>values of concentrations 1 × 10<sup>5</sup>, 1 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 1 × 10<sup>7</sup>, and 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia/ml were calculated for M. persicae, J. formosana, B. tabaci, and S. nashi that were determined as 6.7 × 10<sup>4</sup>, 1.3 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 3.6 × 10<sup>6</sup>, and 1.2 × 10<sup>7</sup> conidia/ml and LT<sub>50</sub> was observed as 5.2~8.24, 5.1~6.6, 7.2~9.0, and 7.9~9.6 in days, respectively.

Screen Hole Size and Barriers for Exclusion of Insect Pests of Glasshouse Crops

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Bethke ◽  
Timothy D. Paine
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Liriomyza Trifolii ◽  
Hole Size ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Hole Geometry ◽  
Pass Through

Laboratory trials were conducted to determine the effectiveness of screens as barriers to five major greenhouse pests. Four screen types with a range of hole sizes were tested: high density polyethylene sheets perforated with holes that were in the center of an indentation on one side and a corolla of material on the opposite side; a woven mesh of polyethylene strands; a filter of unwoven polyester; and woven brass strainer cloth. Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), Aphis gossypii Glover, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), or Frankiniella occidentalis (Pergande) were placed in a cage with a test screen separating them from a source of light and food. The insects' ability to pass through any barrier could not be predicted solely from thoracic width and hole size. Hole geometry or the way in which holes were formed were important elements in insects' exclusion. The most effective barriers to insect penetration correspondingly reduced air flow. The unwoven polyester filter designed specifically as an insect barrier did not restrain any of the insects under the methodology used. Results suggest that the maximum hole sizes for exclusion were: L. trifolii (640 μm), A. gossypii (341 μm), B. tabaci (462 μm) and F. occidentalis (192 μm).

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana isolates toward Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae], Myzus persicae [Homoptera : Aphididae] and their predator Coleomegilla maculata lengi [Coleoptera : Coccinellidae]

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Todorova ◽  
D. Coderre ◽  
J.-C. Côté
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana Isolates ◽  
Highly Virulent

Ten isolates of Beauveria bassiana from different sources and geographical sites were evaluated under laboratory conditions at a concentration of 107 conidia ml-1 for their pathogenicity against two insect pests, the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) and the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), and their predator, the spotted ladybird beetle (Coleomegilla maculata lengi). Six isolates were highly virulent to all three insect species. Four others showed different degrees of specificity. The isolates 49, 233 and 210087 were the most interesting for their potential development as biological control agents because they were highly virulent for the two insect pests and caused low mortality in the coccinellid.

scholarly journals Establishment of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana as an endophyte in Capsicum annuum and its effects on the aphid pest Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Allegrucci ◽  
María Silvana Velazquez ◽  
María Leticia Russo ◽  
María Florencia Vianna ◽  
Camila Abarca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Colonization Frequency ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pepper Plants

Introduction: Entomopathogenic fungi have been used as biological control agents of insect pests and have demonstrated a promising ability to colonize as endophytes a wide range of plant species. Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate, in pepper plants, the most effective Beauveria bassiana inoculation techniques. In order to evaluate the presence of natural endophytes and its interaction with B. bassiana. Also to assess the effect of B. bassiana on the aphid Myzus persicae pepper leaf feeding preference and growth. Methods: Three inoculation techniques were evaluated: leaf spraying, seed immersion and root dipping. The pepper plants were inoculated with a conidia suspension adjusted to 1×108 conidia/ml. The presence of B. bassiana in the seedlings was evaluated at 7, 15 and 28 days after inoculation. Results: We found significant statistical differences between inoculation techniques. Foliar spraying showed the highest B. bassiana colonization frequency. The natural endophytes presented higher presence in the treatments in which B. bassiana had a low presence. This might indicate the occurrence of antifungal activity that interferes with the establishment of the entomopathogen in pepper tissues. We did not find statistical differences between inoculated and control pepper leaves with regard to the mortality and reproduction of the aphid pest M. persicae. However, the inoculation with B. bassiana showed a tendency to increase the mortality of adults and to decrease the offspring (nymphs). We did not find significant differences in the feeding preference between inoculated and control leaves, although there was a higher number of individuals on control leaves compared to those inoculated. Conclusions: The strain B. bassiana LPSC 1067 was established effectively as an endophyte in the pepper tissues. The most effective inoculation technique was leaf spraying. We did not find differences of statistical significance with regard to the mortality and reproduction of the aphid pest M. persicae. However, the inoculation with B. bassiana showed a tendency to increase the mortality of adults and to decrease the offspring (nymphs). Future studies evaluating the indirect effects of endophytic entomopathogens on both plants and herbivorous insects are needed to further explore their potential use in the management of insect pests.

Eco-smart pest management in rice farming: prospects and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (Special) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
SD Mohapatra ◽  
R Tripathi ◽  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Suchismita Kar ◽  
Minati Mohapatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Hyper Spectral ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
Computer Based

The insect problem is accentuated in intensive rice cropping where the insects occur throughout the year in overlapping generations. Over 800 insect species damaging rice in one way or another, although the majority of them do very little damage. In India, about a dozen of insect species are of major importance but the economic damage caused by these species varies greatly from field to field and from year to year. Insect pests cause about 10-15 per cent yield losses. Farmers lose an estimated average of 37% of their rice crop to insect pests and diseases every year. This review focuses on precision farming tools being used in rice pest and diseases management viz., forecasting model for real-time pest-advisory services, hyper-spectral remote sensing in pest damage assessment, computer-based decision support system, disruptive technologies (mobile apps).

scholarly journals Effect of the native strain of the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter and the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium against Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) under greenhouse conditions in Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Besma Hamrouni Assadi ◽  
Sabrine Chouikhi ◽  
Refki Ettaib ◽  
Naima Boughalleb M’hamdi ◽  
Mohamed Sadok Belkadhi
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Native Strain ◽  
Lecanicillium Muscarium ◽  
Southern Tunisia ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis

Abstract Background The misuse of chemical insecticides has developed the phenomenon of habituation in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) causing enormous economic losses under geothermal greenhouses in southern Tunisia. Results In order to develop means of biological control appropriate to the conditions of southern Tunisia, the efficacy of the native strain of the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) and two entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium was tested against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Indeed, the introduction of N. tenuis in doses of 1, 2, 3, or 4 nymphs per tobacco plant infested by the whitefly led to highly significant reduction in the population of B. tabaci, than the control devoid of predator. The efficacy of N. tenuis was very high against nymphs and adults of B. tabaci at all doses per plant with a rate of 98%. Likewise, B. bassiana and L. muscarium, compared to an untreated control, showed a very significant efficacy against larvae and adults of B. tabaci. In addition, the number of live nymphs of N. tenuis treated directly or introduced on nymphs of B. tabaci treated with the EPF remained relatively high, exceeding 24.8 nymphs per cage compared to the control (28.6). Conclusions It can be concluded that the native strain of N. tenuis and the EPF tested separately were effective against B. tabaci. Their combined use appears to be possible.

STUDY REGARDING THE APHIDOFAGOUS FAUNA STRUCTURE IN THE PEACH ORCHARDS FROM CONSTANTA COUNTY IN 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Andrei Chiriloaie-Palade ◽  
Mădălina Radulea ◽  
Gheorghe Lămureanu ◽  
Ștefan Ion Mocanu ◽  
Maria Iamandei
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Management System ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Predatory Insect ◽  
Predatory Insects ◽  
Aphid Populations

"The cosmopolitan aphid species Myzus persicae is a key pest of peach orchards in south and southeastern Romania. The phenomenon of resistance induced by the intensive use of insecticides is a matter of concern for farmers and protectionists, making necessary integrated measure for the control of this pest. Conservation of natural enemy’s populations is an essential component of any management system proposed for pest aphids. The aim of the study was to determine the structure of predatory insects associated with Myzus persicae populations in peach orchards. The research was carried out in three orchards from two localities from Constanta County, in peach plantations with Springcrest variety aged 7, 11 and 12 years. As a result of this study, there were determined a total of 15 predatory insect species belonging to eight systematic families: Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Syrphydae, Cecidomyiidae, Panorpidae, Nabidae and Forficulidae, which naturally contribute to the reduction of the green peach aphid populations. "

scholarly journals The Role of Soil Amendments on Population Dynamics of Insect Pests, Growth Parameters and Yield of Eggplant, Solanum melongena (L.) Moench

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
P. K. Baidoo ◽  
M. B. Mochiah ◽  
D. Asare ◽  
A. A. Sefah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Loss of soil fertility as a result of continuous cropping on the same piece of land has necessitated the need to improve soil fertility for better crop yields. Inorganic and organic fertilizers have been used to improve soil fertility, however, excessive use of soil amendments improve vegetative growth of plants thereby attracting large numbers of insect pests. Cow dung and poultry droppings were used as soil amendments in a field experiment using eggplant Solanum melongena. The effects of these organic manures were compared with inorganic fertilizer (NPK) and a control where there was no application of soil amendment in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Parameters studied were pests’ and their numbers, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, stem girth and yield. The major insect pests identified on the plant were Bemisia tabaci, Aphis gossypii, Leucinodes orbonalis and Eublemma olivacea. Bemisia tabaci and Aphis gossypii scores were significantly larger on cow dung and poultry manure plots. Leucinodes orbonalis and Eublemma olivacea numbers were not significantly different on the treated and control plots. Mean plant height, number of leaves and yield differed significantly among the soil amended plots. Even though soil amendments improve the nutrient content of the soil and the yield of crops it could lead to increase in pests numbers and damage caused to plants.

scholarly journals Mycoviral Population Dynamics in Spanish Isolates of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Filippou ◽  
Inmaculada Garrido-Jurado ◽  
Nicolai Meyling ◽  
Enrique Quesada-Moraga ◽  
Robert Coutts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Large Panels ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Fungus Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Rna Polymerase Gene

The use of mycoviruses to manipulate the virulence of entomopathogenic fungi employed as biocontrol agents may lead to the development of novel methods to control attacks by insect pests. Such approaches are urgently required, as existing agrochemicals are being withdrawn from the market due to environmental and health concerns. The aim of this work is to investigate the presence and diversity of mycoviruses in large panels of entomopathogenic fungi, mostly from Spain and Denmark. In total, 151 isolates belonging to the genera Beauveria, Metarhizium, Lecanicillium, Purpureocillium, Isaria, and Paecilomyces were screened for the presence of dsRNA elements and 12 Spanish B. bassiana isolates were found to harbor mycoviruses. All identified mycoviruses belong to three previously characterised species, the officially recognised Beauveria bassiana victorivirus 1 (BbVV-1) and the proposed Beauveria bassiana partitivirus 2 (BbPV-2) and Beauveria bassiana polymycovirus 1 (BbPmV-1); individual B. bassiana isolates may harbor up to three of these mycoviruses. Notably, these mycovirus species are under distinct selection pressures, while recombination of viral genomes increases population diversity. Phylogenetic analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene sequences revealed that the current population structure in Spain is potentially a result of both vertical and horizontal mycovirus transmission. Finally, pathogenicity experiments using the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata showed no direct correlation between the presence of any particular mycovirus and the virulence of the B. bassiana isolates, but illustrated potentially interesting isolates that exhibit relatively high virulence, which will be used in more detailed virulence experimentation in the future.

scholarly journals Overview of undesirable effects of using diatomaceous earths for direct mixing with grains

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko Korunic
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Stored Product Insects ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Species Tolerance

Despite numerous advantages of diatomaceous earth (DE), its use for direct mixing with grains to control stored-product insects remains limited because of some very serious obstacles and disadvantages. The main obstacles preventing a wider use of DEs for mixing with grain, such as health concerns, the reduction in bulk density, differences in insect species tolerance to the same DE formulation, the effects of grain moisture and temperature on the effectiveness against insects, the influence of various commodities on DE efficacy, the use of DEs in some other fields, and possible solutions for overcoming DE limitations during direct mixing with grains are described in this manuscript. The same attempts have been made to discover new ways of increasing significantly the effectiveness against insects when much lower concentrations are used for direct mixing with grains. If these newer enhanced formulations can respond to the existing limitations of diatomaceous earth, a wider utilization of diatomaceous earth may be expected to control stored-product insect pests.

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