Establishment of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana as an endophyte in Capsicum annuum and its effects on the aphid pest Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Introduction: Entomopathogenic fungi have been used as biological control agents of insect pests and have demonstrated a promising ability to colonize as endophytes a wide range of plant species. Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate, in pepper plants, the most effective Beauveria bassiana inoculation techniques. In order to evaluate the presence of natural endophytes and its interaction with B. bassiana. Also to assess the effect of B. bassiana on the aphid Myzus persicae pepper leaf feeding preference and growth. Methods: Three inoculation techniques were evaluated: leaf spraying, seed immersion and root dipping. The pepper plants were inoculated with a conidia suspension adjusted to 1×108 conidia/ml. The presence of B. bassiana in the seedlings was evaluated at 7, 15 and 28 days after inoculation. Results: We found significant statistical differences between inoculation techniques. Foliar spraying showed the highest B. bassiana colonization frequency. The natural endophytes presented higher presence in the treatments in which B. bassiana had a low presence. This might indicate the occurrence of antifungal activity that interferes with the establishment of the entomopathogen in pepper tissues. We did not find statistical differences between inoculated and control pepper leaves with regard to the mortality and reproduction of the aphid pest M. persicae. However, the inoculation with B. bassiana showed a tendency to increase the mortality of adults and to decrease the offspring (nymphs). We did not find significant differences in the feeding preference between inoculated and control leaves, although there was a higher number of individuals on control leaves compared to those inoculated. Conclusions: The strain B. bassiana LPSC 1067 was established effectively as an endophyte in the pepper tissues. The most effective inoculation technique was leaf spraying. We did not find differences of statistical significance with regard to the mortality and reproduction of the aphid pest M. persicae. However, the inoculation with B. bassiana showed a tendency to increase the mortality of adults and to decrease the offspring (nymphs). Future studies evaluating the indirect effects of endophytic entomopathogens on both plants and herbivorous insects are needed to further explore their potential use in the management of insect pests.

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Fatores de virulência de Bacillus thuringiensis: o que existe além das proteínas Cry

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v5i1.146 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gislayne Trindade Vilas-Bôas ◽

Rita C. Alvarez ◽

Clelton A. Dos Santos ◽

Laurival A. Vilas-Boas

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Cry Proteins ◽

Control Programs ◽

Wide Range ◽

Vip Proteins ◽

Bacterium Bacillus ◽

And Control

As proteínas Cry produzidas pela bactéria entomopatogênica Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner são bem conhecidas devido a alta citotoxicidade que exibem a uma variedade de insetos-alvo. O modo de ação destas proteínas é específico e torna os produtos à base de B. thuringiensis os mais amplamente utilizados em programas de controle biológico de pragas na agricultura e de importantes vetores de doenças humanas. Contudo, embora as proteínas Cry sejam os fatores de virulência inseto-específico mais conhecidos, linhagens de B. thuringiensis apresentam também uma ampla gama de fatores de virulência, os quais permitem à bactéria atingir a hemolinfa e colonizar eficientemente o inseto hospedeiro. Dentre estes fatores, destacam-se as proteínas Vip, Cyt, enterotoxinas, hemolisinas, fosfolipases, proteases, enzimas de degradação, além das recentemente descritas parasporinas. Essa revisão aborda a ação desses fatores de virulência, bem como a caracterização e o controle da expressão de seus genes. Adicionalmente, são discutidos aspectos relacionados ao nicho ecológico da bactéria com ênfase nas características envolvidas com a biossegurança da utilização dos produtos à base de B. thuringiensis para o controle biológico de insetos-alvo. Virulence Factors of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner: Something Beyond of Cry Proteins? Abstract. The Cry proteins produced by the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner are widely known due to its high toxicity against a variety of insects. The mode of action of these proteins is specific and becomes B. thuringiensis-based products the most used in biological control programs of insect pests in agriculture and of important human disease vectors. However, while the Cry proteins are the best-known insect-specific virulence factor, strains of B. thuringiensis show also a wide range of other virulence factors, which allow the bacteria to achieve the hemolymph and colonize efficiently the insect host. Among these factors, we highlight the Vip proteins, Cyt, enterotoxins, hemolysins, phospholipases, proteases and enzymes of degradation, in addition to the recently described parasporin. This review explores the action of these virulence factors, as well as, the characterization and control of expression of their genes. Additionally, we discuss aspects related to the ecological niche of the bacteria with emphasis on the characteristics involved in the biosafety of the use of B. thuringiensis-based products for biological control of target insects.

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Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana strain 202 against sap-sucking insect pests

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/45/2017-pps ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 111-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bugti Ghulam Ali ◽

Bin Wang ◽

Na Cao ◽

Feng Lin Hua

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Myzus Persicae ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Fungal Strain ◽

Insect Species ◽

Experimental Trial ◽

Fungal Inoculation

An experimental trial was conducted to determine the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana strain 202 (Bb-202) against multiple targeted sucking insect species that are serious pests of crops and ornamental plants. The insect species, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Jacobiasca formosana Paoli (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and Stephanitis nashi (Hemiptera: Tingidae) were exposed to conidia of B. bassiana at rates of 1.0 × 102, 3.5 × 103, 5 × 104, and 6.75 × 105 conidia/mm2 to determine the pathogenicity of B. bassiana. The fungal strain Bb-202 showed the highest pathogenicity to M. persicae and 100% corrected mortality observed in the treatments over 1.0 × 102 conidia/mm2, followed by the J. formosana with the final corrected mortality of 86.6, 94.4, and 97.4% after 10 days of fungal inoculation with 3.5 × 103, 5 × 104, and 6.75 × 105 conidia/mm2, respectively. The strain Bb-202 also showed good pathogenicity to B. tabaci and corrected mortalities of 77.9 and 81.1% were recorded when exposed to 5 × 104 and 6.75 × 105 conidia/mm2. Relatively weak pathogenicity was observed in S. nashi, in which the highest corrected mortality of 63.7% occurred at 6.75 × 105 conidia/mm2. Accordingly, the LC50 and LT50 values of concentrations 1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia/ml were calculated for M. persicae, J. formosana, B. tabaci, and S. nashi that were determined as 6.7 × 104, 1.3 × 106, 3.6 × 106, and 1.2 × 107 conidia/ml and LT50 was observed as 5.2~8.24, 5.1~6.6, 7.2~9.0, and 7.9~9.6 in days, respectively.

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Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana isolates toward Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae], Myzus persicae [Homoptera : Aphididae] and their predator Coleomegilla maculata lengi [Coleoptera : Coccinellidae]

Phytoprotection ◽

10.7202/706196ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 15-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

S.I. Todorova ◽

D. Coderre ◽

J.-C. Côté

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Myzus Persicae ◽

Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Green Peach Aphid ◽

Coleomegilla Maculata ◽

Potato Beetle ◽

Potential Development ◽

Beauveria Bassiana Isolates ◽

Highly Virulent

Ten isolates of Beauveria bassiana from different sources and geographical sites were evaluated under laboratory conditions at a concentration of 107 conidia ml-1 for their pathogenicity against two insect pests, the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) and the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), and their predator, the spotted ladybird beetle (Coleomegilla maculata lengi). Six isolates were highly virulent to all three insect species. Four others showed different degrees of specificity. The isolates 49, 233 and 210087 were the most interesting for their potential development as biological control agents because they were highly virulent for the two insect pests and caused low mortality in the coccinellid.

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Green peach aphid and potato leafroll virus: transmission and control

сборник статей всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием "Растениеводство и луговодство" ◽

10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-178 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

R.A. Bagrov ◽

◽

V.I. Leunov

Keyword(s):

Myzus Persicae ◽

Green Peach Aphid ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Potato Leafroll Virus ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Potato Viruses ◽

Tuber Necrosis ◽

Aphid Vectors ◽

Leafroll Virus ◽

And Control

The mechanisms of transmission of potato viruses from plants to aphid vectors and from aphids to uninfected plants are described, including the example of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae, GPA). Factors affecting the spreading of tuber necrosis and its manifestation on plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV) are discussed. Recommendations for PLRV and GPA control in the field are given.

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THE SOME QUESTIONS OF AUTONOMOUS MOTION AND MANAGEMENT OF LAND-MOBILE ROBOTIC COMPLEXES FOR UKRAINIAN GROUND FORCESE

Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy ◽

10.37129/2313-7509.2019.11.53-58 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

О. Кravchuk ◽

V. Symonenkov ◽

I. Symonenkova ◽

O. Hryhorev

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Distributed Information ◽

Wide Range ◽

Highly Effective ◽

Information Management Systems ◽

Robotic Devices ◽

Principles And Standards ◽

And Control ◽

The Eu

Today, more than forty countries of the world are engaged in the development of military-purpose robots. A number of unique mobile robots with a wide range of capabilities are already being used by combat and intelligence units of the Armed forces of the developed world countries to conduct battlefield intelligence and support tactical groups. At present, the issue of using the latest information technology in the field of military robotics is thoroughly investigated, and the creation of highly effective information management systems in the land-mobile robotic complexes has acquired a new phase associated with the use of distributed information and sensory systems and consists in the transition from application of separate sensors and devices to the construction of modular information subsystems, which provide the availability of various data sources and complex methods of information processing. The purpose of the article is to investigate the ways to increase the autonomy of the land-mobile robotic complexes using in a non-deterministic conditions of modern combat. Relevance of researches is connected with the necessity of creation of highly effective information and control systems in the perspective robotic means for the needs of Land Forces of Ukraine. The development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine management system based on the criteria adopted by the EU and NATO member states is one of the main directions of increasing the effectiveness of the use of forces (forces), which involves achieving the principles and standards necessary for Ukraine to become a member of the EU and NATO. The inherent features of achieving these criteria will be the transition to a reduction of tasks of the combined-arms units and the large-scale use of high-precision weapons and land remote-controlled robotic devices. According to the views of the leading specialists in the field of robotics, the automation of information subsystems and components of the land-mobile robotic complexes can increase safety, reliability, error-tolerance and the effectiveness of the use of robotic means by standardizing the necessary actions with minimal human intervention, that is, a significant increase in the autonomy of the land-mobile robotic complexes for the needs of Land Forces of Ukraine.

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Information and information resources in COVID-19: Awareness, control, and prevention

Journal of Librarianship and Information Science ◽

10.1177/09610006211016519 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096100062110165

Author(s):

Mohammadhiwa Abdekhoda ◽

Fatemeh Ranjbaran ◽

Asghar Sattari

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Information Resources ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Use Of Resources ◽

Strategic Approach ◽

Wide Range ◽

Data Collection Instrument ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

And Gender ◽

And Control

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the role of information and information resources in the awareness, control, and prevention of COVID-19. This study was a descriptive-analytical survey in which 450 participants were selected for the study. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data through SPSS. The findings show that a wide range of mass media has become well known as information resources for COVID-19. Other findings indicate a significant statistical difference in the rate of using information resources during COVID-19 based on age and gender; however, this difference is not significant regarding the reliability of information resources with regard to age and gender. Health information has an undisputable role in the prevention and control of pandemic diseases such as COVID-19. Providing accurate, reliable, and evidence-based information in a timely manner for the use of resources and information channels related to COVID-19 can be a fast and low-cost strategic approach in confronting this disease.

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COVID-19 and Its Symptoms’ Panoply: A Case-Control Study of 919 Suspected Cases in Locked-Down Ovar, Portugal

Portuguese Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1159/000514925 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Regina Sá ◽

Tiago Pinho-Bandeira ◽

Guilherme Queiroz ◽

Joana Matos ◽

João Duarte Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Definition ◽

Suspected Case ◽

Risk Characteristics ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Wide Range ◽

Control Study

Background: Ovar was the first Portuguese municipality to declare active community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, with total lockdown decreed on March 17, 2020. This context provided conditions for a large-scale testing strategy, allowing a referral system considering other symptoms besides the ones that were part of the case definition (fever, cough, and dyspnea). This study aims to identify other symptoms associated with COVID-19 since it may clarify the pre-test probability of the occurrence of the disease. Methods: This case-control study uses primary care registers between March 29 and May 10, 2020 in Ovar municipality. Pre-test clinical and exposure-risk characteristics, reported by physicians, were collected through a form, and linked with their laboratory result. Results: The study population included a total of 919 patients, of whom 226 (24.6%) were COVID-19 cases and 693 were negative for SARS-CoV-2. Only 27.1% of the patients reporting contact with a confirmed or suspected case tested positive. In the multivariate analysis, statistical significance was obtained for headaches (OR 0.558), odynophagia (OR 0.273), anosmia (OR 2.360), and other symptoms (OR 2.157). The interaction of anosmia and odynophagia appeared as possibly relevant with a borderline statistically significant OR of 3.375. Conclusion: COVID-19 has a wide range of symptoms. Of the myriad described, the present study highlights anosmia itself and calls for additional studies on the interaction between anosmia and odynophagia. Headaches and odynophagia by themselves are not associated with an increased risk for the disease. These findings may help clinicians in deciding when to test, especially when other diseases with similar symptoms are more prevalent, namely in winter.

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Gold–Carbon Nanocomposites for Environmental Contaminant Sensing

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12060719 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 719

Author(s):

Shahrooz Rahmati ◽

William Doherty ◽

Arman Amani Babadi ◽

Muhamad Syamim Akmal Che Mansor ◽

Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollutants ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Environmental Crisis ◽

World Population ◽

Chemical Contaminants ◽

Carbon Nanocomposites ◽

Minimal Sample ◽

Wide Range ◽

And Control ◽

Analytical Tools

The environmental crisis, due to the rapid growth of the world population and globalisation, is a serious concern of this century. Nanoscience and nanotechnology play an important role in addressing a wide range of environmental issues with innovative and successful solutions. Identification and control of emerging chemical contaminants have received substantial interest in recent years. As a result, there is a need for reliable and rapid analytical tools capable of performing sample analysis with high sensitivity, broad selectivity, desired stability, and minimal sample handling for the detection, degradation, and removal of hazardous contaminants. In this review, various gold–carbon nanocomposites-based sensors/biosensors that have been developed thus far are explored. The electrochemical platforms, synthesis, diverse applications, and effective monitoring of environmental pollutants are investigated comparatively.

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Effects of local isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-021-00409-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cenk Yucel

Keyword(s):

Tetranychus Urticae ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Lethal Effect ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Plant Feeding ◽

Wide Range ◽

Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽

Short Time ◽

Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Abstract Background The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a widely distributed plant-feeding pest that causes significant yield losses in a wide range of crops. Newly developed or improved environmentally friendly biocontrol agents serve as an alternative to traditional pest control tools. Experiment of the effects of 2 local fungal isolates of Beauveria bassiana (BGF14 and BCA32) was carried out against T. urticae under laboratory conditions. Results Both tested isolates had lethal effect in a short time after application, and this effect increased as time progressed. BGF14 and BCA32 isolates caused T. urticae mortality rates ranging from 25.88 to 61.92 and 32.36 to 62.03% when applied at the concentrations between 1×105 and 1×108 conidia/ml, respectively. According to the Probit analysis performed on the effect of fungi on T. urticae adults, the LC50 values of BGF14 and BCA32 isolates on the 7th day after inoculation were 2.6×106 and 6.3×104 conidia/ml, respectively, and the LT50 values for both fungi applied at a concentration of 108 conidia/ml were 2.14 and 2.23 days, respectively. Conclusions The 2 isolates of B. bassiana (BGF14 and BCA32) had the potentials to suppress T. urticae population and can be recommended as promising biocontrol agent candidates for control of T. urticae.

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Experiences of job demand and control: A study of first line managers in for-profit psychiatric and addiction care

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-213540 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Linda Widar ◽

Erika Wall ◽

Sven Svensson

Keyword(s):

First Line ◽

Line Managers ◽

For Profit ◽

Job Demand ◽

Organizational Position ◽

Wide Range ◽

Line Manager ◽

Addiction Care ◽

And Control ◽

Demand Control

BACKGROUND: The complex position of a first line manager is characterized by heavy workload and contradictory demands. Little is known about how first line managers experience demand and control in their work. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore experiences of demand and control among first line managers within psychiatric and addiction care. METHOD: In the present study, interviews with ten managers in for-profit psychiatric and addiction care in Sweden were analyzed with a phenomenographic approach. RESULTS: The managers experiences of demand and control implied varied and extensive responsibilities for a wide range of professions; regulation by organizational, economic, and political frameworks; creating balance in their work; and handling the emergence and consequences of acute crisis. These experiences of demand and control involved high and contradictory demands together with coexisting high and low levels of control. Many of their work characteristics could be described in terms of both demand and control. CONSLUSION: The first line managers experiences of demand and control are more complex than implied by the job demand control theory. Our results suggest that the organizational position and branch should be considered when identifying health hazards in the work environment of first line managers.

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