scholarly journals The Impact of Biofertilizers and NPK Fertilizers Application on Soil Phosphorus Availability and Yield of Upland Rice in Tropic Dry Land

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
B.N. Fitriatin ◽  
V.F. Dewi ◽  
A. Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Nutrients Availability ◽  
The Impact

Dry land in Indonesia is dominated by marginal soil which have low macro nutrient content, low organic matter content and low soil microbial activity. Improving soil quality it is necessary to increase nutrients availability such as biofertilizers application. Biofertilizers contains beneficial microbial inoculants to increase soil nutrient availability. The use of biofertilizers combined with NPK fertilizer will increase macro nutrients availability and optimize plant growth, thus will increase fertilizers efficiency. This experiment was carried out to study the impact of biofertilizers on available-P, plant P-uptake and yield of upland rice at Land Research of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran. This experiment used a randomized block design consisting of ten treatments and three replications The treatments consisted with two doses of biofertilizers (50 kg ha-1 and 75 kg ha-1) and three doses of N,P,K fertilizers (100%, 75%, and 50% from recommended doses). Biofertilizers contains N-fixing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing microbes. The result of experiment showed that application of biofertilizers 75 kg ha-1 and biofertilizers 50 kg ha-1 + N, P, K 50% increased soil phosphorus availability. The application of biofertilizers increased P-uptake up to 81%. Futhermore, biofertilizers 75 kg ha-1 + N, P, K 75% increased the yield of upland rice by 164%.

scholarly journals Water and phosphorus uptake by upland rice root systems unraveled under multiple scenarios: linking a 3D soil-root model and data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Hieu Mai ◽  
Pieterjan De Bauw ◽  
Andrea Schnepf ◽  
Roel Merckx ◽  
Erik Smolders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant P Uptake

AbstractBackground and aimsUpland rice is often grown where water and phosphorus (P) are limited and these two factors interact on P bioavailability. To better understand this interaction, mechanistic models representing small-scale nutrient gradients and water dynamics in the rhizosphere of full-grown root systems are needed.MethodsRice was grown in large columns using a P-deficient soil at three different P supplies in the topsoil (deficient, suboptimal, non-limiting) in combination with two water regimes (field capacity versus drying periods). Root architectural parameters and P uptake were determined. Using a multiscale model of water and nutrient uptake, in-silico experiments were conducted by mimicking similar P and water treatments. First, 3D root systems were reconstructed by calibrating an architecure model with observed phenological root data, such as nodal root number, lateral types, interbranch distance, root diameters, and root biomass allocation along depth. Secondly, the multiscale model was informed with these 3D root architectures and the actual transpiration rates. Finally, water and P uptake were simulated.Key resultsThe plant P uptake increased over threefold by increasing P and water supply, and drying periods reduced P uptake at high but not at low P supply. Root architecture was significantly affected by the treatments. Without calibration, simulation results adequately predicted P uptake, including the different effects of drying periods on P uptake at different P levels. However, P uptake was underestimated under P deficiency, a process likely related to an underestimated affinity of P uptake transporters in the roots. Both types of laterals (i.e. S- and L-type) are shown to be highly important for both water and P uptake, and the relative contribution of each type depend on both soil P availability and water dynamics. Key drivers in P uptake are growing root tips and the distribution of laterals.ConclusionsThis model-data integration demonstrates how multiple co-occurring single root phene responses to environmental stressors contribute to the development of a more efficient root system. Further model improvements such as the use of Michaelis constants from buffered systems and the inclusion of mycorrhizal infections and exudates are proposed.

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus bioavailability as influenced by long-term management and applied phosphorus source

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-304
Author(s):  
Tandra D. Fraser ◽  
Derek H. Lynch ◽  
Ivan P. O’Halloran ◽  
R. Paul Voroney ◽  
Martin H. Entz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Term Management

Soil phosphorus (P) availability may be impacted by management practices, thereby affecting plant P uptake and plant response to P amendments. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term management on soil P pools and to assess the response of P bioavailability, plant growth, and P uptake to mineral versus manure P treatments. Soils were collected from plots under organic (ORG), organic with composted manure (ORG + M), conventional (CONV), and restored prairie (PRA) management. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) seedlings were grown in the greenhouse for 106 d in soils amended with various rates of manure or mineral P. The ORG soil had lower concentrations of labile P (resin-P and NaHCO3-P) compared with the CONV and PRA soils, as determined by sequential P fractionation prior to planting. Ryegrass biomass (root + shoot) and shoot P uptake from soils receiving no P were significantly lower for the ORG than all other management systems. Although apparent P use efficiency of the whole plant was increased by low P rate in the ORG management system, the source of applied P, manure > mineral, only influenced Olsen test P.

scholarly journals Improving Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Optimizing Phosphorus Application Rates for Maize in the Northeast Plain of China for Sustainable Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4799
Author(s):  
Wenting Jiang ◽  
Xiaohu Liu ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Lihui Yang ◽  
Yuan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Rate ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
The Impact

Optimizing the phosphorus (P) application rate can increase grain yield while reducing both cost and environmental impact. However, optimal P rates vary substantially when different targets such as maximum yield or maximum economic benefit are considered. The present study used field experiment conducted at 36 experiments sites for maize to determine the impact of P application levels on grain yield, plant P uptake, and P agronomy efficiency (AEP), P-derived yield benefits and private profitability, and to evaluated the agronomically (AOPR), privately (POPR), and economically (EOPR) optimal P rate at a regional scale. Four treatments were compared: No P fertilizer (P0); P rate of 45–60 kg ha−1 (LP); P rate of 90–120 kg ha−1 (MP); P rate of 135–180 kg ha−1 (HP). P application more effectively increased grain yield, reaching a peak at MP treatment. The plant P uptake in HP treatment was 37.4% higher than that in P0. The relationship between P uptake by plants (y) and P application rate (x) can be described by the equation y = −0.0003x2 + 0.1266x + 31.1 (R2 = 0.309, p < 0.01). Furthermore, grain yield (y) and plant P uptake (x) across all treatments also showed a significant polynomial function (R2 = 0.787–0.846). The MP treatment led to highest improvements in P agronomic efficiency (AEP), P-derived yield benefits (BY) and private profitability (BP) compared with those in other treatments. In addition, the average agronomically (AOPR), privately (POPR), and economically optimal P rate (EOPR) in 36 experimental sites were suggested as 127.9 kg ha−1, 110.8 kg ha−1, and 114.4 kg ha−1, which ranged from 80.6 to 211.3 kg ha−1, 78.2 to 181.8 kg ha−1, and 82.6 to 151.6 kg ha−1, respectively. Economically optimal P application (EOPR) can be recommended, because EOPR significantly reduced P application compared with AOPR, and average economically optimal yield was slightly higher compared with the average yield in the MP treatment. This study was conducive in providing a more productive, use-effective, profitable, environment-friendly P fertilizer management strategy for supporting maximized production potential and environment sustainable development.

scholarly journals Study on the Adaptation of Superior and Local Upland Rice Varieties (Oriza sativa) in Dry Climate of West Southeast Moluccas Border Region of Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Sheny S. Kaihatu ◽  
Wahid Wahid ◽  
Edwen D. Waas ◽  
Marthen P. Sirappa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Border Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
New Varieties

This study on the adaptation of superior and local upland rice on dry climate was carried out from July to October 2017 at the West Southeast Moluccas Main Seed Center involving 15 members of the Webat Farmer Groups. The aim of this study was to obtain adaptive superior and local varieties that could potentially be developed in dry climates (dry land) in the region. Field assessments were done usinged a Randomized Block Design with eight treatments (superior and local varieties of upland rice) and repeated three times. The five superior varieties assessed were Towuti, Inpago 8, Inpago 9, Inpago 10, and Inpago 11 and the three local varieties used were Red Tanimbar, White Tanimbar, and Black Tanimbar. The results of the study showed that the average productivity of superior new varieties of upland rice higher yields (2.03 t ha-1) compared to local varieties (1.24 t ha-1), revealing a yield increase of 63.71 %. Results suggest that there are five varieties of upland rice that have potential to be developed in the West Southeast Moluccas Border Region, namely Inpago 9, Inpago 10, and Inpago 11 (superior new varieties), and Red Tanimbar and White Tanimbar (local varieties). However, the yields obtained in this assessment are still low because the number of productive tillers is also low. This could be due to low plant density caused by the very small number of seeds used per planting hole, and the effect of legowo 2: 1 planting system with a very wide.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Pemberian Pupuk NPK dan Pengaturan Air terhadap P-Tersedia, Serapan P dan Hasil Padi Sawah (Oryza Sativa L.) pada Inceptisols Asal Jatinangor

SoilREns ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asti Asfianti ◽  
Emma Trinurani S ◽  
Anni Yuniarti ◽  
Eso Solihin
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Department Faculty

This research was conducted to find out the effect of application NPK compound and water regulation on soil phosphorus, P uptake and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Inceptisols. The study was conducted from in late May to October 2015. at the field station of soil and water management, Soil Science and Land Resources Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments and three replications, consisted of : without treatment (control), waterlogged 5 cm; 150 kg Ha-1, waterlogged 5 cm; 300 kg Ha-1, waterlogged 5 cm; 450 kg Ha-1, waterlogged 5 cm; 600 kg Ha-1, waterlogged 5 cm; 750 kg Ha-1, waterlogged 5 cm; local recommended dosage, waterlogged 5 cm; 450 kg Ha-1, macak-macak; 450 kg Ha-1, intermittent 1 day, macak-macak; 450 kg Ha-1, intermittent 3 days, macak-macak. The results showed that there were effect of soil phosphorus, P uptake and yield of Rice on Inceptisol. Suppy NPK dose of 750 kg ha-1 were waterlogged 5 cm provides the highest content of available P amounted to 51.88 ppm P, P uptake of 0.93% and the highest yield of 9.24 kg.ha-1.

scholarly journals Four soil phosphorus (P) tests evaluated by plant P uptake and P balancing in the Ultuna long-term field experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosch Klaus A ◽  
Santner Jakob ◽  
Parvage Mohammed Masud ◽  
Gerzabek Martin Hubert ◽  
Zehetner Franz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Soil P Tests ◽  
Water Extractable ◽  
Term Field

Soil phosphorus (P) availability was assessed with four different soil P tests on seven soils of the Ultuna long-term field experiment (Sweden). These four soil P tests were (1) P-H<sub>2</sub>O (water extractable P); (2) P-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>C10</sub> (water extractable P upon 10 consecutive extractions); (3) P-AL (ammonium lactate extractable P) and (4) P-C<sub>DGT</sub> (P desorbable using diffusive gradients in thin films). The suitability of these soil P tests to predict P availability was assessed by correlation with plant P uptake (mean of preceding 11 years) and soil P balancing (input vs. output on plot level for a period of 54 years). The ability to predict these parameters was in the order P-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>C10</sub> &gt; P-C<sub>DGT</sub> &gt; P-H<sub>2</sub>O &gt; P-AL. Thus, methods considering the P-resupply from the soil solid phase to soil solution performed clearly better than equilibrium-based extractions. Our findings suggest that the P-AL test, commonly used for P-fertilizer recommendations in Sweden, could not predict plant P uptake and the soil P balance in a satisfying way in the analysed soils.

scholarly journals A functional–structural model of upland rice root systems reveals the importance of laterals and growing root tips for phosphate uptake from wet and dry soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieterjan De Bauw ◽  
Trung Hieu Mai ◽  
Andrea Schnepf ◽  
Roel Merckx ◽  
Erik Smolders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Plant P Uptake

Abstract Background and Aims Upland rice is often grown where water and phosphorus (P) are limited. To better understand the interaction between water and P availability, functional–structural models that mechanistically represent small-scale nutrient gradients and water dynamics in the rhizosphere are needed. Methods Rice was grown in large columns using a P-deficient soil at three P supplies in the topsoil (deficient, sub-optimal and non-limiting) in combination with two water regimes (field capacity vs. drying periods). Root system characteristics, such as nodal root number, lateral types, interbranch distance, root diameters and the distribution of biomass with depth, as well as water and P uptake, were measured. Based on the observed root data, 3-D root systems were reconstructed by calibrating the structural architecure model CRootBox for each scenario. Water flow and P transport in the soil to each of the individual root segments of the generated 3-D root architectures were simulated using a multiscale flow and transport model. Total water and P uptake were then computed by adding up the uptake by all the root segments. Key Results Measurements showed that root architecture was significantly affected by the treatments. The moist, high P scenario had 2.8 times the root mass, double the number of nodal roots and more S-type laterals than the dry, low P scenario. Likewise, measured plant P uptake increased &gt;3-fold by increasing P and water supply. However, drying periods reduced P uptake at high but not at low P supply. Simulation results adequately predicted P uptake in all scenarios when the Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) was corrected for diffusion limitation. They showed that the key drivers for P uptake are the different types of laterals (i.e. S- and L-type) and growing root tips. The L-type laterals become more important for overall water and P uptake than the S-type laterals in the dry scenarios. This is true across all the P treatments, but the effect is more pronounced as the P availability decreases. Conclusions This functional–structural model can predict the function of specific rice roots in terms of P and water uptake under different P and water supplies, when the structure of the root system is known. A future challenge is to predict how the structure root systems responds to nutrient and water availability.

scholarly journals Performance of upland rice strains in reaction to fungal diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Natália Botega Alves ◽  
Douglas Goulart Castro ◽  
Marco Renan Félix ◽  
Laís Moretti Tomé ◽  
Antônio Rosário Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The control of the impact of diseases on plants can be carried out via breeding, through the development of cultivars less susceptible to pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the severity of fungal diseases in upland rice strains from the Cultivation and Use Value test, belonging to the Upland Rice Breeding Program” of Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), in partnership with “EMBRAPA Rice and Beans” and the “Minas Gerais Agricultural Research Company” (EPAMIG). The experiment was installed in the municipalities of Lambari and Lavras, both in Minas Gerais, Brasil, in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons, in a randomized block design with three replications. Were evaluated 14 lines, 11 lines of the program and 3 commercial witnesses, regarding the intensity of diseases (leaf and neck blast, brown spot, grain spot and scalding). There was a significant difference between lineages for all traits, except brown spot, indicating the presence of genetic variability for the characters in question. The study of the interaction was performed, decomposing the statistically significant ones in simple and complex interactions. The experiment presented a coefficient of variation from 29% to 56% and accuracy from 56% to 95.5%, indicating that the estimates were obtained with good to medium experimental precision. It is essential to evaluate diseases in breeding programs in order to select cultivars that are increasingly resistant, as these affect not only productivity, but the quality and final yield of grains. The genotypes CMG 2119 (5), CMG 2162 (1), CMG 1896 (13) and CMG 2168 (2) were shown to be more tolerant to all diseases simultaneously, being, therefore, the most suitable for the launch, considering the character disease resistance. The Upland Rice Breeding Program of UFLA has lines with variability for resistance, strains with potential for release.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Coconut Based Anacardium occidentale Agroforestry System to Improve the Soil Properties of Coconut Growing Lands in Wet, Intermediate and Dry Zone of Sri Lanka

CORD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
S. H. S. Senarathne
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Total N ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
The Impact

This study was intended to assess the impact of coconut based Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) agroforestry systems on soil fertility of degraded coconut lands in wet, intermediate and dry zones of Sri Lanka. Two treatments were evaluated according to randomized complete block design with three replicates. Coconut based agroforestry systems intercropped with A. occidentale and sole coconut were evaluated as two treatments. Soils from three depths were analyzed for its’ chemical, physical and biological properties. According to the esults, higher total N, available P and exchangeable K levels were shown in sole coconut systems than A. occidentale intercropped system while the higher total N levels (2% higher than top soil and 27% higher than deepr soil) were observed in sub soils compared top and deep soils. Higher P content was observed in top soils than in deeper soils. The exchangeable K was observed in higher quantities in sub soil than in deeper soils and was varied with locations. Organic matter content in intercropping of A. occidentale has been increased by 37% and the highest was observed in top soils. Soil bulk density has been reduced by 9% in A. occidentale intercropped system enhancing the root growth. Bulk density has been increased with the depth of the soil. Higher soil microbial activity was observed in A. occidentale intercropped system and it was 22% higher than sole coconut system. Sole coconut system has 50% higher soil moisture percentage and the highest was recorded in sub soils. This study confirms that intercropping of A. occidentale has a positive effect on improving soil fertility of degraded coconut growing soils in wet, intermediate and dry zones of Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals TEKNIK MULSA VERTIKAL PADA BUDIDAYA TEBU (Saccharum officinarum.L) RATOON SATU

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Abusari Marbun ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Hanum Hanum
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Ratoon Sugarcane

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum.L) is the main material in sugar industry. An effort to improve the quality of dry land for sugarcane cultivation is important. One of the effort than can be done is the additional of organic metter to the soil. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of vertical mulching techniques for soil organic matter content and soil chemistry fertility and its relationship with the vegetative growth of the ratoon sugarcane. This research was conducted at Agricultural High School Practice (STPP) Medan-Binjai KM.10 districts Sunggal Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, from May -December 2013. This study was conducted using a randomized block design non factorial with four treatments, were: horizontal mulch (M1), vertical mulch (M2), vertical mulch with Trichoderma sp. (M3), Vertical mulch mixed with cow manure (M4). The result from the research showed, that vertical mulch mixture with manure can increase the level of C-organic, N-content, and the lower of Ratio C/ N . Vertical mulching treatment mix with manure, increasing the shoot length of sugarcane 21.9%, the number of plants per clump 6.8%, the number of plants per meter 50%, wet weight 68.28% and dry weight 41.9%, compared with horizontal mulch

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