scholarly journals Production potential and ecological stability of mixed forest stands in uplands – V. A mixed spruce/beech stand on a nutrient-rich site of the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 502-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kantor ◽  
V. Hurt
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
The Given ◽  
Young Growth

The study is already the 5<sup>th </sup>account on the production potential and stability of mixed forest stands in uplands. A spruce/beech stand established in the mid-30s of the 20<sup>th</sup>century is assessed. The stand is situated at an altitude of 470 m and since 1960, it is left to its spontaneous development. At that time, the stand was characterized as a silviculturally neglected dense spruce young growth to a small pole-stage stand with an admixture of beech (spruce 71%, beech 13%). In the course of 41 years, spruce proportion in the stand without intentional thinning measures decreased from 71 to 56% and, vice versa, beech proportion increased from 13 to 31%. Present dominant and co-dominant position of spruce in the stand, its health condition and development in recent years indicate that the ecosystem under evaluation is stabilized fulfilling all functions on the given site at an age of 65 years. The stand is permanently fully stocked and its initial standing volume of 109 m<sup>3</sup>/ha at an age of 24 years in 1960 increased to 560 m<sup>3</sup>/ha at an age of 65 years in 2001.

scholarly journals Production potential and ecological stability of mixed forest stands in uplands - VI. A beech/larch stand on a mesotrophic site of the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 170-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hurt ◽  
P. Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
High Production

The paper is the 6<sup>th</sup> report on the production potential and stability of mixed forest stands in uplands. A mixed beech/larch stand that was established by natural regeneration in 1934 to 1942 is assessed. The stand is situated at an altitude of 460 m above sea level. It has been left to its natural development since 1961. At that time, the stand was characterized as an individually mixed, diameter- and height-differentiated 25-year pole-stage stand. The proportion of larch and beech amounted to 40% and 17%, respectively. Hornbeam (25%), oak (11%) and to a lesser extent birch (5%) and spruce (3%) also occurred in the stand. In the course of 42 years, the proportion of larch in this stand without planned thinning measures decreased to 35%. On the other hand, the proportion of beech increased to 39%. During all 5-year inventories, the stand could be characterized as a stabilized one with high production potential. Its initial growing stock 63 m<sup>3</sup>/ha at an age of 25 years increased to 497 m<sup>3</sup>/ha at an age of 67 years in 2003. At present, current volume increment amounts to 9.8 to 12.5 m<sup>3</sup>/ha/year.

scholarly journals Distribution of the timber quality attribute ‘knot surface’ in logs of Fagus sylvatica L. from pure and mixed forest stands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Höwler ◽  
Torsten Vor ◽  
Peter Schall ◽  
Peter Annighöfer ◽  
Dominik Seidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Timber Quality ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractResearch on mixed forests has mostly focused on tree growth and productivity, or resistance and resilience in changing climate conditions, but only rarely on the effects of tree species mixing on timber quality. In particular, it is still unclear whether the numerous positive effects of mixed forests on productivity and stability come at the expense of timber quality. In this study, we used photographs of sawn boards from 90 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees of mixed and pure forest stands to analyze internal timber quality through the quality indicator knot surface that was quantitatively assessed using the software Datinf® Measure. We observed a decrease in knot surface with increasing distance from the pith as well as smaller values in the lower log sections. Regarding the influence of neighborhood species identity, we found only minor effects meaning that timber qualities in mixed stands of beech and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) tended to be slightly worse compared to pure beech stands.

Competition theory — science and application in mixed forest stands: review of experimental and modelling methods and suggestions for future research

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy R. Larocque ◽  
Nancy Luckai ◽  
Shailendra N. Adhikary ◽  
Arthur Groot ◽  
F. Wayne Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Individual Tree

Competition in forest stands has long been of interest to researchers. However, much of the knowledge originates from empirical studies that examined the effects of competition. For instance, many studies were focused on the effects of the presence of herbaceous species on the development of tree seedlings or the decrease in individual tree growth with increases in stand density. Several models that incorporate competitive effects have been developed to predict tree and stand growth, but with simplified representations of competitive interactions. While these studies provided guidance useful for forest management, they contributed only partially to furthering our understanding of competitive mechanisms. Also, most competition studies were conducted in single-species stands. As competitive interactions occurring in mixed stands are characterized by a higher degree of complexity than those in single-species stands, a better understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to developing optimal management scenarios. The dynamics of forest stands with at least two species may be affected not only by competition, but also by facilitation or complementarity mechanisms. Thus, knowledge of the mechanisms may provide insight into the relative importance of intra- versus inter-specific competition and whether competition is symmetric or asymmetric. Special attention to the implementation of field experimental designs is warranted for mixed stands. While traditional spacing trials are appropriate for single-species stands, the examination of competitive interactions in mixed stands requires more complex experimental designs to examine the relative importance of species combinations. Forest productivity models allow resource managers to test different management scenarios, but again most of these models were developed for single-species stands. As competitive interactions are more complex in mixed stands, models developed to predict their dynamics will need to include more mechanistic representations of competition.

scholarly journals Hydrological effects of Norway spruce and European beech on snow cover in a mid-mountain region of the Polana mts., Slovakia / Hydrologický vplyv smreka obyčajného a buka lesného na snehovú pokrývku v stredohorských polohách pohoria poľana na slovensku

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matus Hribik ◽  
Tomas Vida ◽  
Jaroslav Skvarenina ◽  
Jana Skvareninova ◽  
Lubomir Ivan
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Snow Melting ◽  
Beech Stand

The paper evaluates the results of a 6-year-monitoring of the eco-hydrological influence of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus silvatica L.) forest stands on the hydro-physical properties of snow cover. The experiment was carried out in the artificially regenerated 20-25-year-old forest stands approaching the pole timber stage in the middle mountain region of the Polana Mts. - Biosphere reserve situated at about 600 m a.s.l. during the period of maximum snow supply in winters of years 2004 - -2009. Forest canopy plays a decisive role at both the snow cover duration and spring snow melting and runoff generation. A spruce stand is the poorest of snow at the beginning of winter. High interception of spruce canopy hampers the throughfall of snow to soil. During the same period, the soil surface of a beech stand accumulates greater amount of snow. However, a spruce stand accumulates snow by creating snow heaps during the periods of maximum snow cumulation and stand´s microclimate slows down snow melting. These processes are in detail discussed in the paper. The forest stands of the whole biosphere reserve slow down to a significant extent both the snow cover melting and the spring runoff of the whole watershed.

scholarly journals Health condition of spruce stands in the Orlické hory Mts. in relation to climatic, anthropogenic and stand factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Žid ◽  
P. Čermák
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Climatic Anthropogenic ◽  
The Given ◽  
Slope Orientation ◽  
Synergetic Action

In stands with the majority of spruce and aged over 70 years, 35 sample plots were laid out (in total 700 trees) in the vicinity of Anenský vrch Hill at altitudes over 800 m above sea level. In the course of the growing season 2005, the following parameters were determined: total defoliation, defoliation of the primary structure, percentage of secondary shoots, presence and extent of yellowing and browning. In 10 selected trees, branches were taken from crowns for morphological analyses and annual length increments of branches and numbers of secondary shoots in the particular years were determined. Total defoliation and the occurrence of yellowing were related to slope orientation and position of the plot towards the ridge. The number of shoots produced in the given year correlated with the level of annual NO<sub>3</sub> deposition. The determined difference in the occurrence of yellowing between limed and unlimed plots cannot be interpreted unambiguously because limed and unlimed plots differ in exposure at the same time. The determined importance of slope orientation for the health condition of a stand shows that under the simultaneous air pollution load climatic factors are a factor deciding on the resulting effect of the synergetic action of stressors on forest stands.

scholarly journals Growth and formation patterns of pine-larch saplings in conditions of Eastern Siberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runova Elena M ◽  
Garus Ivan A ◽  
Serkov Denis V
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Application Software ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Yield Class ◽  
Mathematical Processing ◽  
Graphic Methods

Researches and generalizations of information on basic patterns of formation, growth, and structure of Irkutsk region forest stands and plantations enabled to study dynamics of formation and productivity of mixed pine forests, being naturally developed under various economic impacts. Such parameters as diameter-, height-, and volume-wise pine and larch increment in mixed forest stands were studied. The obtained results were accurate due to a wealth of experimental material, statistical and mathematical processing using MS Excel application software, graphic methods of processing the materials. The following conclusions can be made based on the materials collected: areas and yields of larch in Irkutsk region have been sharply reduced, since there are processes of intense deforestation and weak natural regeneration of larch here. Mixed forest plantations of pine and larch grow rather successfully, however, such areas are few, since there is no commercial procurement of larch seeds in Irkutsk region, no larch seedlings are cultivated in nursery forests; larch saplings occupy a much smaller area than Scots pine saplings do; basic taxation parameters and structure of mixed pine-larch forest plantations are formed at the young age; saplings have mean productivity, equivalent to the 3rd yield class; mixed forest stands are of high practical and industrial value that depends on conditions of domestic and foreign market.

A growth model for mixed forest stands

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H Bartelink
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Stands
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