The association of five polymorphisms with milk production traits in Czech Fleckvieh cattle

The aim of this study was to estimate allelic and genotypic frequencies of five DNA markers that are positional and functional candidates for milk production traits in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. In addition, we evaluated the association of these markers with milk production traits and breeding values for milk production traits and also estimated linkage disequilibrium (LD) between two markers within the prolactin (PRL) gene. As part of this study, 505 Czech Fleckvieh cows were genotyped. The markers in proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A), secreted phosphoprotein (SPP1), cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B hydroxylase (CYP11B1), and the two polymorphisms in the prolactin gene (PRL) showed evidence of segregation in our study. The PPARGC1A polymorphism was associated with milk yield, milk fat and protein traits. The polymorphism in SPP1 was significantly associated with milk protein percentage. The CYP11B1 polymorphism showed positive associations with milk composition traits and breeding values for milk yield, milk fat, and protein traits. Both polymorphisms within the PRL gene were associated with milk yield, milk fat and milk protein yield (individually and grouped). Linkage disequilibrium between the two polymorphisms in PRL was not observed. In conclusion, all markers examined in this study are important markers for milk production traits in Czech Fleckvieh cattle, and both markers within the PRL gene should be evaluated in future research.  

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The relation of GH1, GHR and DGAT1 polymorphisms with estimated breeding values for milk production traits of German Holstein sires

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/362-cjas ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 238-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

E. Hradecká ◽

J. Čítek ◽

L. Panicke ◽

V. Řehout ◽

L. Hanusová

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Growth Hormone Gene ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Fat Yield ◽

Estimated Breeding Values

: We analysed the relations of estimated breeding values (EBV) of 315 German Holstein sires to their genotypes in growth hormone gene (GH1), growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) and acylCoA-diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1). The strong relation of DGAT1 K232A to the estimated breeding values for milk production traits has been confirmed, when allele DGAT1K was connected with higher milk fat yield, milk fat and milk protein content, while allele DGAT1A increased milk yield and milk protein yield. The effect of DGAT1 genotype explained from 4.70% of variability of EBVs for fat yield to 31.90% of variability of EBVs for fat content. The evaluation of GH1 127 Leu/Val and GHR 257 SNP polymorphisms did not reveal an association of their polymorphism with EBVs for milk production traits, except the EBVs of GHRG/GHRG homozygotes for fat yield, which were significantly lower. The effect of GH1 or GHR genotype explained only a negligible portion of variability of EBVs (R2 < 1.00% in most cases).

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An association analysis between PRL genotype and milk production traits in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029917000693 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 430-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jun Li ◽

Aixin Liang ◽

Zipeng Li ◽

Chao Du ◽

Guohua Hua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

River Buffalo ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Exon 2 ◽

Mediterranean River

This Research Communication describes the association between genetic variation within the prolactin (PRL) gene and the milk production traits of Italian Mediterranean river buffalo (Bufala mediterranea Italiana). High resolution melting (HRM) techniques were developed for genotyping 465 buffaloes. The association of genetic polymorphism with milk production traits was performed and subsequently the effects of parity and calving season were evaluated. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at exons 2 and 5 and at introns 1 and 2. All the SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and statistical analysis showed that the polymorphism of intron1 was significantly (P < 0·05) associated with milk yield, milk protein content and peak milk yield. The average contribution of the intron1 genotype (r2intron1) to total phenotypic variance in milk production traits was 0·09, and the TT genotype showed lower values than CC and CT genotypes. A nonsynonymous SNP was identified in exon 2, which resulted in an amino acid change from arginine to cysteine. Moreover, the polymorphism of exon 2 was associated significantly with milk fat content (P < 0·05), and the buffaloes with TT genotype showed higher total fat content than the buffaloes with CT genotype. These findings provide evidence that polymorphisms of the buffalo PRL gene are associated with milk production traits and PRL can be used as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo breeding.

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Investigation of myostatin and calpain 3 gene polymorphisms and their association with milk-production traits in Sfakia sheep

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18799 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 347

Author(s):

Adel H. M. Ibrahim ◽

Nikolaos Tzanidakis ◽

Smaragda Sotiraki ◽

Huitong Zhou ◽

Jonathan Hickford

Keyword(s):

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Solid Content ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Banding Patterns ◽

Milk Solid

Context Genetic selection based on genetic markers for economically important traits in Sfakia sheep. Aims The aim of the present study was to investigate variation in the ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) and calpain 3 gene (CAPN3), and their association with milk-production traits. Methods Records for milk yield, milk fat content, protein content, lactose content, and non-fat solid content, pH and somatic-cell score (log), were obtained from 376 Sfakia ewes. Polymerase chain reaction–single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) analyses were used to detect variation in intron 1 of MSTN and exon 10 of CAPN3. General linear models were then used to test for associations between the variation in MSTN and CAPN3, and milk-production traits. Key results The SSCP banding patterns for MSTN showed four variants (A1, A2, A3 and A4), which contained nine nucleotide sequence differences. Four SSCP banding patterns (C1, C2, C3 and C4) were observed for CAPN3 and these contained eight nucleotide-sequence differences. The MSTN variation was associated (P < 0.05) with variation in milk yield and non-fat milk solid content. Variation in CAPN3 was associated with milk yield (P < 0.001), fat content (P < 0.05) and lactose content (P < 0.05). Association analyses between the presence/absence of MSTN and CAPN3 variants and milk-production traits showed that a variant of MSTN that had previously between associated with muscle hypertrophy was associated with decreased milk yield (P < 0.05) and a lower non-fat milk solid content (P < 0.01). A CAPN3 variant that had previously been associated with increased sheep-carcass loin lean-meat yield was associated with a decreased milk yield (P < 0.01) and a decreased milk fat content (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our results have provided an insight into the effects of variation in ovine MSTN and CAPN3 on milk-production traits in sheep. Implications To preserve the dual-purpose characteristics of Sfakia sheep, breeding goals should take into account the possible antagonism between meat and milk traits.

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Ten Genetic Loci Identified for Milk Yield, Fat, and Protein in Holstein Cattle

10.1101/2020.06.17.158386 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Liyuan Liu ◽

Jinghang Zhou ◽

Chunpeng James Chen ◽

Juan Zhang ◽

Wan Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candidate Genes ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Holstein Cattle ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Genome Wide

AbstractHigh-yield and high-quality of milk are the primary goals of dairy production. Understanding the genetic architecture underlying these milk production traits is beneficial so that genetic variants can be targeted toward the genetic improvement. In this study, we measured five milk production traits in Holstein cattle population from China. These traits included milk yield, protein yield, fat yields; fat percentage and protein percentages. We used the estimated breeding values as dependent variables to conduct the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Breeding values were estimated through pedigree relationships by using a mixed linear model for individuals with and without phenotypic data. Genotyping was carried out on the individuals with phenotypes by using the Illumina BovineSNP150 BeadChip. The association analyses were conducted by using the Fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) method. A total of ten SNPs was detected above the genome-wide significant threshold, including six located in previously reported QTL regions. We found eight candidate genes within distances of 120 kb upstream or downstream to the associated SNPs. The most significant SNP is on DGAT1 gene affecting milk fat and protein percentage. These genetic variants and candidate genes would be valuable resources to enhance dairy cattle breeding.

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The effect of physiological state, milk production traits and environmental conditions on milk fat globule size in cow's milk

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029919000748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 454-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leonie Walter ◽

Sue Finch ◽

Brendan Cullen ◽

Richard Fry ◽

Amy Logan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Physiological State ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule ◽

On Farm

AbstractThis research was carried out to quantify the effects of a range of variables on milk fat globule (MFG) size for a herd of Holstein-Friesian cows managed through an automatic milking system with year-round calving. We hypothesised that the overall variation in average MFG size observed between individual animals of the same herd cannot sufficiently be explained by the magnitude of the effects of variables that could be manipulated on-farm. Hence, we aimed to conduct an extensive analysis of possible determinants of MFG size, including physiological characteristics (parity, days in milk, days pregnant, weight, age, rumination minutes, somatic cell count) and milk production traits (number of milkings, milk yield, fat yield, protein and fat content, fat-protein ratio) on the individual animal level; and environmental conditions (diet, weather, season) for the whole herd. Our results show that when analysed in isolation, many of the studied variables have a detectable effect on MFG size. However, analysis of their additive effects identified days in milk, parity and milk yield as the most important variables. In accordance with our hypothesis, the estimated effects of these variables, calculated using a multiple variable linear mixed model, do not sufficiently explain the overall variation between cows, ranging from 2.70 to 5.69 µm in average MFG size. We further show that environmental variables, such as sampling day (across seasons) or the proportion of pasture and silage in the diet, have limited effects on MFG size and that physiological differences outweigh the effects of milk production traits and environmental conditions. This presents further evidence that the selection of individual animals is more important than the adjustment of on-farm variables to control MFG size.

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The Uterine Milk Protein (UTMP) gene is associated with milk production traits in Iranian Holstein bulls

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1703969y ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 969-977

Author(s):

Ahad Yousefi ◽

Abdolreza Salehi ◽

Mehdi Aminafshar ◽

Sayyadnejad Bagher

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Growth Control ◽

Production Performance ◽

Protein Yield ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Protease Inhibition ◽

Holstein Bulls

Uterine Milk Protein (UTMP) the member of Serine Protease Inhibitor superfamily secreted from uterine endometrium during pregnancy under influence of progesterone. Specific functions of UTMP include protease inhibition, growth control, and direct nutrition of the conceptus. This investigation was performed in order to study polymorphism of UTMP gene and its association with milk production traits in Iranian Holstein bulls. Genomic DNA was extracted from 100 semen samples of proven bulls. In order to amplify 568bp-fragment including same part of intron 3, whole exon 4 and downstream of UTMP gene, a pair of primer was designed. PCR products were digested with BsrI enzyme. The allele frequencies of a, b and c were 0.135, 0.69 and 0.175, respectively in studied population. Four genotypes AB, BB, BC and CC were observed with frequencies of 0.27, 0.49, 0.13 and 0.11, respectively. Genotypes AA and AC were not observed in this study. The chi-square (X2) test revealed deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Data were obtained from animal breeding centre of Iran for the first lactation during 1993-2008 to estimate some genetic parameters. Heritability of milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat percent and protein percent were 0.28, 0.21, 0.22, 0.32 and 0.34 respectively. Results indicated significant association between UTMP Genotypes and milk, fat and protein yield traits. Meanwhile, Bulls with CC Genotype had higher milk, fat and protein yield compared to other genotypes (p<0.05). These results suggested UTMP as a candidate gene influencing milk production traits might be implemented in breeding programs to improve the production performance of Iranian Holstein cattle.

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Analysis of the β-lactoglobulin locus using the grand-daughter design in the Canadian Holstein population

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a97-085 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 245-248

Author(s):

S. E. Aggrey ◽

M. P. Sabour ◽

C. Y. Lin ◽

D. Zadworny ◽

U. Kuhnlein

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Protein Percentage ◽

Marker Selection ◽

Β Lactoglobulin ◽

Daughter Design ◽

Potential Use

A total of 185 informative sons from nine heterozygous grandsires were used to study the associations of alleles A and B of the β-LG locus and milk production using the granddaughter design. The average informativeness of the β-LG locus for the nine heterozygous grandsires was 61%. The β-LG locus was found to be significantly associated with milk protein percentage (P ≤ 0.05) across families and (P ≤ 0.01) in one family. The A allele was associated with higher protein percentage EBV (0.096%) than the B allele in that family. There was no association between β-LG and other production traits (milk, fat and protein yields and, fat and percentages). The β-LG locus has a potential use in marker-assisted selection. However, since the association between markers and a given trait is not found in all families, within-family marker selection might be more appropriate due to linkage disequilibrium. Key words: β-lactoglobulin, Canadian Holstein, milk production traits, granddaughter design

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Association of bovineCD4andSTAT5bsingle nucleotide polymorphisms with somatic cell scores and milk production traits in Chinese Holsteins

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029911000148 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 242-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Yanghua He ◽

Qin Chu ◽

Peipei Ma ◽

Yachun Wang ◽

Qin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Protein Yield ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Chinese Holstein

CD4+T cells play a key role in the immune response of pathogen-induced mastitis in dairy cattle. Mammary gland factor STAT5b is involved in the regulation of CD4+T cell differentiation during inflammatory response and milk production. Little is known about the genetic variation effects of bovineCD4andSTAT5bgenes on somatic cell score (SCS) and milk production traits in dairy cattle. The aim of the study was to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of bovineCD4andSTAT5bin Chinese Holsteins and to analyse their association with estimated breeding values (EBVs) for SCS and milk production traits. In the present study, SNPs ofCD4(NC_007303 g.13598C>T) andSTAT5b(NC_007317 g.31562 T>C) were identified and genotyped in Chinese Holstein population. The results showed that both SNPs were significantly associated with the EBVs for milk yield and protein yield in Chinese Holstein cows, and the SNP inCD4was associated with the EBV for SCS (P<0·01). The additive effect ofCD4SNP on protein yield was significant (P<0·05), and the dominant effect ofSTAT5bSNP was significant on milk yield and protein yield (P<0·01). Cows with combination genotype C7 (CCTT:CD4g.13598C>T andSTAT5bg.31562 T>C) had the highest SCS EBV but lower milk yield, while cows with C2 (TTTC) produced more milk, fat and protein than the other eight combination genotypes. These results suggested that the SNPs inCD4andSTAT5bmay be potential genetic markers for SCS and milk/protein yields selecting and warrant further functional research.

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Estimation of (co)variance components and breeding values for test-day milk production traits of Holstein dairy cattle via Bayesian approach

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1401015m ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 15-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Mosharraf ◽

J. Shodja ◽

M. Bohlouli ◽

S. Alijani ◽

S.A. Rafat

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Regression Model ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Variance Components ◽

Random Regression ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Random Regression Model

Genetic parameters of milk, fat, and protein yields were estimated in the first lactation of Holstein dairy cattle. The records were collected during the period 2006 to 2011 and analyzed fitting the random regression model. The data included 41178, 25397 and 18716 test-day records of milk, fat and protein yields, respectively that produced by 4746, 3437 and 2525 cows respectively. Fixed effects in model included herd-year-month of test day and age-season of calving. The fixed and random regressions were modeled with normalized Legendre polynomials and (co)variance components were estimated by Bayesian method and Gibbs sampling was used to obtain posterior distributions. Estimates of heritability for milk, fat and protein yields ranged from 0.18 to 0.26; 0.06 to 0.11 and 0.09 to 0.22, respectively. Heritabilities for 305-d milk, fat and protein yields were 0.36, 0.23 and 0.29, respectively. For milk and protein yields, heritabilities were lower at the early of lactation due to the trends of lower additive genetic variance, higher permanent environmental variance. Genetic correlations for milk, fat and protein yields ranged from 0.14 to 1.00; 0.39 to 1.00 and 0.27 to 1.00, respectively. Ranges of estimated breeding values for 305-d yield of milk, fat and protein yields were from -1194.48 to 1412.44; -210.57 to 271.22 and -194.08 to 203.25, respectively. According to the results of this study, random regression model seems to be a flexible and reliable procedure for the genetic evaluation of milk production traits and it can be useful in the breeding programs for Iranian dairy cattle.

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Polymorphism identification in goat DGAT1 and STAT5A genes and association with milk production traits

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/6862-cjas ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 321-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

X.P. An ◽

J.X. Hou ◽

H.B. Zhao ◽

L. Bai ◽

J.Y. Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequencing ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Dgat1 Gene ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Stat5a Gene ◽

T Locus

Polymorphisms of DGAT1 and STAT5A genes in Xinong Saanen and Guanzhong goat breeds were investigated. PCR-RFLP, SSCP, and DNA sequencing were used to identify three SNPs: DQ380250:g.407_408insC in the DGAT1 gene, AJ237937:g.6798C>T and g.6852C>T in the STAT5A gene. In DGAT1 g.407_408insC locus, the frequencies of C– allele were 0.79–0.85, and frequencies of C+ allele were 0.21–0.15. At STAT5A g.6852C>T locus, frequencies of C allele were 0.70–0.72, and frequencies of T allele were 0.30–0.28. Compared with goats with DGAT1 C–C–, those with C–C+ genotype had greater milk fat (P < 0.05). The goats with STAT5A CT had greater milk yield than those with CC genotype (P < 0.05). The results showed that does with C–C–CT and C–C+CT yielded more milk than those with C–C–CC(P < 0.05). In addition, does with C–C+CT had the highest milk fat in comparison with other combination genotypes (P < 0.05).

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