scholarly journals Bactericidal efficacy of two disinfectants against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and one feed supplement against B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lobova ◽  
A. Cizek
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Field Isolate ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Bactericidal Efficacy ◽  
Type Strains

In vitro tests were used to evaluate bactericidal efficacy of two disinfectants on the basis of peroxygen compounds against one type strain and one field isolate of B. hyodysenteriae. Mean bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the two products ascertained with and without the load of organic matter of sterile pig faeces were several times lower than the recommended application concentrations. Bactericidal efficacy of an extract of citric seeds (feed supplement) against type strains of B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli, with six field isolates of B. hyodysenteriae and three field isolates of B. pilosicoli was also demonstrated, and its MBCs were determined. It was further determined that after 10 minutes exposure of 10% sterile pig faeces to field isolate and type strain of B. hyodysenteriae the efficacy of both disinfectants was 16 times higher than the concentration recommended by the manufacturer. The bactericide effect of citrus fruit extracts was exhibited at 0.05% concentrations after 5 min exposure, which is the same as recommended by the manufacturer.

scholarly journals Predicting the bactericidal efficacy of solar disinfection (SODIS): from kinetic modeling of in vitro tests towards the in silico forecast of E. coli inactivation

2021 ◽  
pp. 130866
Author(s):  
Sofia Samoili ◽  
Giulio Farinelli ◽  
José Ángel Moreno-SanSegundo ◽  
Kevin G. McGuigan ◽  
Javier Marugán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bactericidal Efficacy

scholarly journals Combined in-vitro and on-farm evaluation of commercial disinfectants used against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Gómez-García ◽  
Héctor Argüello ◽  
Lucía Pérez-Pérez ◽  
Clara Vega ◽  
Héctor Puente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Bactericidal Efficacy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
On Farm

Abstract Background Swine dysentery (SD) is a severe infectious disease with a relevant impact on pig production usually caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, although B. hampsonii causes an identical clinical picture. SD control relies on antimicrobials, good management practices and strict biosecurity with cleaning and disinfection as crucial tools to avoid the pathogen transmission. This study evaluates the in-vitro efficacy of an array of commercial disinfectants against a collection of B. hyodysenteriae isolates using broth tests. The efficacy of cleaning and disinfection protocols was also evaluated on two farms with endemic SD using surface swabs collected in emptied pens before and after cleaning and disinfection procedures, using both real-time PCR and bacterial microbiological culture. Results Most of the commercial disinfectants evaluated were effective against all B. hyodysenteriae isolates tested, with a reduction of more than 5.00 log10 CFU/mL (bactericidal efficacy of 99.999%). However, some isolates exhibited reduced susceptibility to Virkon-S and Limoseptic disinfectants. The evaluation of cleaning and disinfection protocols on farms with SD outbreaks showed that approximately half the pens tested (n = 25) were positive by real-time PCR after pigs removal (mean B. hyodysenteriae counts 5.72 ± 1.04 log10 CFU/mL) while almost 20% of the pens remained positive after cleaning (n = 7) and disinfection (n = 5) procedures although with significantly lower, mean estimates (4.31 ± 0.43 log10 CFU/mL and 4.01 ± 0.55 log10 CFU/mL, respectively). Conclusions These results show the efficacy of disinfectants against B. hyodysenteriae but also stress the need to implement adequately the cleaning and disinfection protocols on pig farms and review and revise their efficiency periodically.

In vitro susceptibility of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae to a commercial citrus fruit extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro J.G. de Nova ◽  
Ana Carvajal ◽  
Miguel Prieto ◽  
Pedro Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae

Variation in growth and drug susceptibility amongGiardia duodenalisassemblages A, B and E in axenicin vitroculture and in the gerbil model

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (11) ◽  
pp. 1354-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. BÉNÉRÉ ◽  
T. VAN ASSCHE ◽  
P. COS ◽  
L. MAES
Keyword(s):  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Field Isolate ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Subtype A ◽  
Assemblage B

SUMMARYThis study investigated the molecular and biological variation among differentGiardia duodenalisassemblages.In vitrogrowth and susceptibility to albendazole, fenbendazole, flubendazole, metronidazole, tinidazole and furazolidone was studied for laboratory (AI: WB, AII: G1 and B: GS/M-83-H7) and 6 field isolates of assemblage subtype AI, AII, B and EIII. Additionally, isolates of the 3 assemblages were evaluated in the gerbil upon 3-day oral treatment with albendazole (6 mg/kg), flubendazole (5 mg/kg) and metronidazole (20 mg/kg). Assemblage AIgrew significantly faster than all other assemblage subtypes, which showed comparable generation times. The assemblage A laboratory strains displayed alteredin vitrodrug susceptibilities compared to their matching AIor AIIfield isolate. No variation in drug susceptibility was observed between field isolates of assemblages A and E. However, assemblage A laboratory strains were more susceptible to the benzimidazoles and less susceptible to the nitro-imidazoles and furazolidone than the assemblage B laboratory strain. In the gerbil, no markedly different drug susceptibilities were observed. In conclusion, theGiardiaassemblage subtype can be associated with differences in growth characteristics rather than in drug susceptibility.

Evaluation of the in vitro activity of flumequine against field isolates of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

2015 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 51-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Aller-Morán ◽  
Francisco Javier Martínez-Lobo ◽  
Pedro Rubio ◽  
Ana Carvajal
Keyword(s):  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Field Isolates

scholarly journals Inheritance of Carboxin Resistance in a European Field Isolate of Ustilago nuda

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Newcombe ◽  
P. L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Field Isolate ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Tetrad Analysis ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ustilago Nuda

Two carboxin-resistant field isolates of Ustilago nuda from Europe were crossed with a carboxin-sensitive field isolate from North America. Meiotic tetrads isolated from germinating F1 teliospores of one of the hybrids were tested for carboxin resistance and mating type. Carboxin resistance was shown to be controlled by a single gene (CBX1R), because a 1:1 segregation of carboxin resistance was observed in all 27 tetrads. Tetrad analysis indicated that the loci for carboxin resistance (Cbx1) and mating type (MAT1) segregate independently but may be located on the same chromosome. Tetrad analysis was not possible with the F1 hybrid of he other field isolate, and its resistance cannot yet be attributed to CBX1R. Carboxin resistance was qualitatively dominant to sensitivity in vitro, as demonstrated by triad analysis of germinating F1 teliospores. Quantitative in planta infection percents supported the conclusion that CBX1R is dominant, although incompletely, in the F1 hybrid of one of the field isolates. Also, fewer than expected carboxin-sensitive F2 individuals were observed in planta. However, inoculations of host plants with U. nuda have resulted in similar, unexpected variation in the past.

scholarly journals Activity of LY333328 Combined with Gentamicin In Vitro and in Rabbit Experimental Endocarditis Due to Vancomycin-Susceptible or -Resistant Enterococcus faecalis

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 3017-3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Lefort ◽  
Azzam Saleh-Mghir ◽  
Louis Garry ◽  
Claude Carbon ◽  
Bruno Fantin
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Intravenous Treatment ◽  
Trough Serum ◽  
Type Strains

ABSTRACT We investigated the activity of LY333328 alone and combined with gentamicin, both in vitro and in a rabbit model of experimental endocarditis, against the susceptible strain Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 and its two glycopeptide-resistant transconjugants, BM4316 (VanA) and BM4275 (VanB). MICs of LY333328 and gentamicin were 2 and 16 μg/ml, respectively, for the three strains. In vitro, LY333328 alone was bactericidal at 24 h against JH2-2 at a concentration of 2 μg/ml and against BM4316 and BM4275 at a concentration of 30 μg/ml. The combination of LY333328 and gentamicin (4 μg/ml) was synergistic and bactericidal after 24 h of incubation against the three strains at LY333328 concentrations of 2 μg/ml for JH2-2 and 8 μg/ml for BM4275 and BM4316. The combination of LY333328 and gentamicin was the only regimen demonstrating in vitro bactericidal activity against BM4316. In vivo, intravenous treatment with LY333328 alone, providing peak and trough serum levels of 83.3 ± 1.3 and 3.8 ± 0.2 μg/ml, respectively, was inactive against BM4316 and BM4275 and selected mutants resistant to LY333328 in half of the rabbits infected with the VanA-type strain (MICs, 8 to 20 μg/ml). However, the LY333328-gentamicin combination was active against the three strains and prevented the emergence of mutants resistant to both components of the combination. We conclude that the LY333328-gentamicin combination might be of interest for the treatment of enterococcal infections, particularly against VanA-type strains.

scholarly journals Chlamydial clinical isolates show subtle differences in persistence phenotypes and growth in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Thomas ◽  
Amba Lawrence ◽  
Samuel Kroon ◽  
Lenka A. Vodstrcil ◽  
Samuel Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Mcf 7

Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection throughout the world. While progress has been made to better understand how type strains develop and respond to environmental stress in vitro, very few studies have examined how clinical isolates behave under similar conditions. Here, we examined the development and persistence phenotypes of several clinical isolates, to determine how similar they are to each other, and the type strain C. trachomatis D/UW-3/Cx. The type strain was shown to produce infectious progeny at a higher magnitude than each of the clinical isolates, in each of the six tested cell lines. All chlamydial strains produced the highest number of infectious progeny at 44 h post-infection in the McCoy B murine fibroblast cell line, yet showed higher levels of infectivity in the MCF-7 human epithelial cell line. The clinical isolates were shown to be more susceptible than the type strain to the effects of penicillin and iron deprivation persistence models in the MCF-7 cell line. While subtle differences between clinical isolates were observed throughout the experiments conducted, no significant differences were identified. This study reinforces the importance of examining clinical isolates when trying to relate in vitro data to clinical outcomes, as well as the importance of considering the adaptations many type strains have to being cultured in vitro.

Anti-Diabetic Activity of a Mineraloid Isolate, in vitro and in Genetically Diabetic Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Deneau ◽  
Taufeeq Ahmed ◽  
Roger Blotsky ◽  
Krzysztof Bojanowski
Keyword(s):  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Fossil Material ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Genetically Diabetic Mice

Type II diabetes is a metabolic disease mediated through multiple molecular pathways. Here, we report anti-diabetic effect of a standardized isolate from a fossil material - a mineraloid leonardite - in in vitro tests and in genetically diabetic mice. The mineraloid isolate stimulated mitochondrial metabolism in human fibroblasts and this stimulation correlated with enhanced expression of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins such as ATP synthases and ribosomal protein precursors, as measured by DNA microarrays. In the diabetic animal model, consumption of the Totala isolate resulted in decreased weight gain, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. To our best knowledge, this is the first description ever of a fossil material having anti-diabetic activity in pre-clinical models.

Comparison of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates and a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Canine Model of Thrombogenicity

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R MacGregor ◽  
J M Ferguson ◽  
L F McLaughlin ◽  
T Burnouf ◽  
C V Prowse
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Albumin Infusion

SummaryA non-stasis canine model of thrombogenicity has been used to evaluate batches of high purity factor IX concentrates from 4 manufacturers and a conventional prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were monitored before and after infusion of concentrate. Changes in FPA were found to be the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of thrombogenicity after infusion of batches of the PCC at doses of between 60 and 180 IU/kg, with a dose related delayed increase in FPA occurring. Total FPA generated after 100-120 IU/kg of 3 batches of PCC over the 3 h time course was 9-12 times that generated after albumin infusion. In contrast the amounts of FPA generated after 200 IU/kg of the 4 high purity factor IX products were in all cases similar to albumin infusion. It was noted that some batches of high purity concentrates had short NAPTTs indicating that current in vitro tests for potential thrombogenicity may be misleading in predicting the effects of these concentrates in vivo.

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