In vitro antimicrobial effect of palm oils rich in medium-chain fatty acids against mastitis-causing Gram-positive bacteria

Various pathogens causing mastitis in dairy cattle are of serious concern due to their increasing antibacterial resistance and potential transmission to other cows, calves, and the environment, especially through the milking process. Therefore, alternative approaches to antimicrobial usage in the treatment or control of mastitis in dairy cattle are severely needed. The antibacterial effect of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) is known to be significant for various pathogens, but there is only limited information about the activity of MCFAs on mastitis-causing pathogens. Moreover, no evidence about the antimicrobial effects of palm oils rich in MCFAs, such as coconut, palm kernel, and tucuma oil, can be found in the current literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of palm oils rich in MCFAs, after cleavage by an exogenous lipase from Mucor javanicus, on bovine mastitis-causing strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis) by the broth microdilution method. All tested palm oils exerted antibacterial activity against eight tested bacterial strains in the range of 64–8192 µl/ml with Str. agalactiae being the most sensitive and S. aureus being the most resistant species. The results of the present study demonstrate that palm oils rich in MCFAs can serve as an alternative to the predominantly used predip and postdip procedures in bovine mastitis control, but further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the findings for their possible applications.

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PSVI-11 Evaluation of essential oils and short-medium chain fatty acids in-vitro and in-vivo on performance of nursery pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.364 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 207-207

Author(s):

Kory Moran ◽

Jan Dirk van der Klis ◽

Glen Almond ◽

Eric van Heugten

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract This study evaluated the anti-bacterial effects of two essential oils blends (EO1: garlic-derived allyl disulfide+d-limonene; EO2: garlic-derived allyl disulfide+γ-terpinene) and three mixtures of short-medium chain fatty acids (S-MCFA1: monolaurin enriched+C4-C12 mixture; S-MCFA2: monolaurin; S-MCFA3: monobutyrin enriched+C4-C12 mixture). In Exp. 1, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test (MIC; broth microdilution method using CLSI Guidelines) determined the in-vitro synergistic activity of six combinations: 1) EO1+S-MCFA1; 2) EO1+S-MCFA2; 3) EO1+S-MCFA3; 4) EO2+S-MCFA1; 5) EO2+S-MCFA2; 6) EO2+S-MCFA3; against E.coli F18 and F4. Results suggest synergistic effects for EO1+S-MCFA1, EO2+S-MCFA1, and EO2+S-MCFA2 against both E.coli strains (Tables 1). Exp. 2 evaluated supplementation of EO2 and S-MCFA1 on growth performance of weaned pigs housed in a non-sanitary environment. Pigs (n = 600; BW=7.46 ± 0.57 kg) were used in a 35-day trial. Pigs were blocked by BW and balanced by sex within pens and placed into 60 pens (10 pigs/pen). Pigs were fed a 3-phase feeding program, with periods being 7, 14, and 14 d, respectively. Dietary treatments were: A: control, B: control+0.05% EO2; C: control+0.05% EO2 + 0.075% S-MCFA1; D: control+0.05% EO2 + 0.15% S-MCFA1; E: control+0.15% S-MCFA1. Data were analyzed as RCBD in a 2×2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments. No interactions between EO2 and S-MCFA1 were observed on performance. During Phase 2, ADFI and ADG tended to decrease when EO2 was supplemented (536 vs 509; 358 vs 336 g/d, respectively; PE. coli. However, under the challenging conditions of this experiment, only EO2 improved feed efficiency during Phase 3.

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Antimicrobial efficacy of medium-chain fatty acids, 2% Chlorhexidine, and 5% sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study

Indian Journal of Oral Health and Research ◽

10.4103/ijohr.ijohr_17_18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Krishnapriya Devan ◽

FaizalC Peedikayil ◽

TP Chandru ◽

Soni Kottayi ◽

N Dhanesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Erratum: Supplementing goat kids with coconut medium chain fatty acids in early life influences growth and rumen papillae development until 4 months after supplementation but effects on in vitro methane emissions and the rumen microbiota are transient

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/sky303 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (9) ◽

pp. 4014-4014

Author(s):

Sieglinde Debruyne ◽

Alexis Ruiz-González ◽

Einar Artiles-Ortega ◽

Bart Ampe ◽

Wim Van Den Broeck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Early Life ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Rumen Microbiota ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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In vitro enzymic omega oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids in mammalian tissue

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics ◽

10.1016/0003-9861(68)90174-4 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 123 (3) ◽

pp. 531-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Kenneth C. Robbins

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Mammalian Tissue ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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The potential anti- African Swine Fever Virus effects of medium chain fatty acids on in vitro pig feed and water models

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27996/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ha Thi Thanh Tran ◽

Anh Duc Truong ◽

Duc Viet Ly ◽

Tuan Van Hoang ◽

Chinh Thi Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

African Swine Fever Virus ◽

African Swine Fever ◽

Control Measures ◽

Effective Control ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Water Models ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background African swine fever (ASF) is an important disease affecting swine and has a significant economic loss on both the developed and developing world but due to the lack of vaccines, drug, and effective control measures, ASF virus remains a serious threat to global pork production. The activities of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) against viral pathogens have been reported previously. However, the effects of this family on ASFV have been not yet investigated. In this study, we evaluated the potential effects of MCFAs in individual and synergistic forms, to prevent and/or reduce ASFV infection using in vitro feed and water models. Results The potential effects of MCFAs, including C8, C6-C8-C10 (1:1:1 ratio) and C8-C10-C12 (1:1:1 ratio) against a field ASFV strain isolated in Red River Delta region of Vietnam were further examined by real-time PCR in in vitro feed and water models. All tested products have shown a strong antiviral effect against ASFV infectivity at doses of 0.375% and 0.5% in both feed and water assays. Interestingly, the synergistic MCFAs have shown clearly their potential activities against ASFV in which at lower dose of 0.25%, pre-treatment with product 2 and 3 induced significant increases at the level of Cq value when compared to positive control and/or product 1 (P < 0.05). Conclusions To our knowledge, it is the first report on in vitro examination of the anti-ASFV activities of the MCFAs. Our findings suggested that all tested products, both individual and synergistic forms of MCFAs, have possessed a strong anti-ASFV effect and this effect is dose- dependence in in vitro feed and water models. Additionally, synergistic effects of MCFAs are more effective against ASFV when compared to individual form. The further studies focusing on in vivo anti-ASFV effects of MCFAs are very important to bring new insight into the mode of ASFV-reduced action by these compounds in swine feed and water consumption.

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