Cuphea Species: In Vitro Culture Studies, and the Production of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids

1999 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
E. I. S. Floh ◽  
W. Handro ◽  
I. Rita
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial effect of palm oils rich in medium-chain fatty acids against mastitis-causing Gram-positive bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Klára Laloučková ◽  
Lucie Malá ◽  
Paula Slaničková ◽  
Eva Skřivanová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Various pathogens causing mastitis in dairy cattle are of serious concern due to their increasing antibacterial resistance and potential transmission to other cows, calves, and the environment, especially through the milking process. Therefore, alternative approaches to antimicrobial usage in the treatment or control of mastitis in dairy cattle are severely needed. The antibacterial effect of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) is known to be significant for various pathogens, but there is only limited information about the activity of MCFAs on mastitis-causing pathogens. Moreover, no evidence about the antimicrobial effects of palm oils rich in MCFAs, such as coconut, palm kernel, and tucuma oil, can be found in the current literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of palm oils rich in MCFAs, after cleavage by an exogenous lipase from Mucor javanicus, on bovine mastitis-causing strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis) by the broth microdilution method. All tested palm oils exerted antibacterial activity against eight tested bacterial strains in the range of 64–8192 µl/ml with Str. agalactiae being the most sensitive and S. aureus being the most resistant species. The results of the present study demonstrate that palm oils rich in MCFAs can serve as an alternative to the predominantly used predip and postdip procedures in bovine mastitis control, but further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the findings for their possible applications.

scholarly journals Multi-omic analysis of medium-chain fatty acid synthesis by Candidatus Weimerbacter bifidus, gen. nov., sp. nov., and Candidatus Pseudoramibacter fermentans, sp. nov.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Scarborough ◽  
Kevin S. Myers ◽  
Timothy J. Donohue ◽  
Daniel R. Noguera
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACTChain elongation is emerging as a bioprocess to produce valuable medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA; 6 to 8 carbons in length) from organic waste streams by harnessing the metabolism of anaerobic microbiomes. Although our understanding of chain elongation physiology is still evolving, the reverse β-oxidation pathway has been identified as a key metabolic function to elongate the intermediate products of fermentation to MCFA. Here, we describe two chain-elongating microorganisms that were enriched in an anaerobic microbiome transforming the residues from a lignocellulosic biorefining process to short- and medium-chain fatty acids. Based on a multi-omic analysis of this microbiome, we predict that Candidatus Weimerbacter bifidus, gen. nov., sp. nov. used xylose to produce MCFA, whereas Candidatus Pseudoramibacter fermentans, sp. nov., used glycerol and lactate as substrates for chain elongation. Both organisms are predicted to use an energy conserving hydrogenase to improve the overall bioenergetics of MCFA production.IMPORTANCEMicrobiomes are vital to human health, agriculture, environmental processes, and are receiving attention as biological catalysts for production of renewable industrial chemicals. Chain elongation by MCFA-producing microbiomes offer an opportunity to produce valuable chemicals from organic streams that otherwise would be considered waste. However, the physiology and energetics of chain elongation is only beginning to be studied, and we are analyzing MCFA production by self-assembled communities to complement the knowledge that has been acquired from pure culture studies. Through a multi-omic analysis of an MCFA-producing microbiome, we characterized metabolic functions of two chain elongating bacteria and predict previously unreported features of this process.

scholarly journals The potential anti- African Swine Fever Virus effects of medium chain fatty acids on in vitro pig feed and water models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Thi Thanh Tran ◽  
Anh Duc Truong ◽  
Duc Viet Ly ◽  
Tuan Van Hoang ◽  
Chinh Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Models ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background African swine fever (ASF) is an important disease affecting swine and has a significant economic loss on both the developed and developing world but due to the lack of vaccines, drug, and effective control measures, ASF virus remains a serious threat to global pork production. The activities of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) against viral pathogens have been reported previously. However, the effects of this family on ASFV have been not yet investigated. In this study, we evaluated the potential effects of MCFAs in individual and synergistic forms, to prevent and/or reduce ASFV infection using in vitro feed and water models. Results The potential effects of MCFAs, including C8, C6-C8-C10 (1:1:1 ratio) and C8-C10-C12 (1:1:1 ratio) against a field ASFV strain isolated in Red River Delta region of Vietnam were further examined by real-time PCR in in vitro feed and water models. All tested products have shown a strong antiviral effect against ASFV infectivity at doses of 0.375% and 0.5% in both feed and water assays. Interestingly, the synergistic MCFAs have shown clearly their potential activities against ASFV in which at lower dose of 0.25%, pre-treatment with product 2 and 3 induced significant increases at the level of Cq value when compared to positive control and/or product 1 (P < 0.05). Conclusions To our knowledge, it is the first report on in vitro examination of the anti-ASFV activities of the MCFAs. Our findings suggested that all tested products, both individual and synergistic forms of MCFAs, have possessed a strong anti-ASFV effect and this effect is dose- dependence in in vitro feed and water models. Additionally, synergistic effects of MCFAs are more effective against ASFV when compared to individual form. The further studies focusing on in vivo anti-ASFV effects of MCFAs are very important to bring new insight into the mode of ASFV-reduced action by these compounds in swine feed and water consumption.

Absorption of medium chain fatty acids and medium chain triglycerides, in vitro and in vivo, in comparison with long chain triglycerides

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-144
Author(s):  
Masasuke Masuda ◽  
S. Hosoda ◽  
Y. Tokura ◽  
Y. Yoshida ◽  
K. Kashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Effect of Medium Chain Fatty Acids and their Derivatives on in vitro Rumen Fermentation

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 870-874
Author(s):  
Kazunari USHIDA ◽  
Yoichi KOJIMA ◽  
Ryoji KAWASHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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