scholarly journals Metabolites of vitamin D and minerals in blood and colostrum of primiparous and multiparous dairy cows postpartum 

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
E.G. Salgado-Hernández ◽  
J. Bouda ◽  
A. Villa-Godoy ◽  
J.L. Romano-Muñoz ◽  
A.J. Gutiérrez-Chávez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Normal Response ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Baseline Values

Concentrations of calcidiol, calcitriol, and minerals in blood serum and colostrum of 14 primiparous and 16 multiparous Holstein dairy cows during short-period prepartum and postpartum were determined and compared. Blood samples were collected between days 5 and 2 prepartum and 6 h, 12 h, 7 and 21 days postpartum. Nearly 66% of primiparous and 71% of multiparous cows had subclinical postpartum hypocalcemia. Prepartum serum calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphorus (P) were higher in primiparous cows; Ca decreased in both groups at 6 and 12 h and returned to baseline values 7 days postpartum. Calcidiol and calcitriol concentrations were equal on day 5 prepartum in both groups. In multiparous cows, calcidiol and calcitriol concentration increased at 6 h postpartum and remained elevated at 12 h postpartum; there were no changes in primiparous cows for these analytes. The total secretion of Ca in the colostrum from the first milking was similar in both groups and positively correlated with serum Ca at 6 and 12 h after calving. It is concluded that postpartum increases in the calcidiol and calcitriol concentration were a normal response to the decrease of serum calcium concentration only in multiparous cows. The total Ca secretion in the colostrum of the first milking postpartum does not reflect the grade of hypocalcemia.

DECREASED BONE SENSITIVITY OF THYROIDECTOMIZED RATS TO THE CALCAEMIC EFFECT OF 1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pavlovitch ◽  
V. Presle ◽  
S. Balsan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Normal Response ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Intact Rats

ABSTRACT The calcaemic response of thyroidectomized parathyroid transplanted rats to a single dose of biosynthetic 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (50 ng) injected into a jugular vein, was evaluated. The animals were fed a vitamin D-free, low calcium diet. Compared to sham-operated and to thyroidintact parathyroid transplanted rats thyroidectomized animals had a significantly reduced calcaemic response to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, Daily supplementation with d,l-thyroxine (100 μg/rat) during the experimental period restored a normal response. The increase in serum calcium concentration after 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol injection was similar in thyroidectomized bilaterally nephrectomized animals, and in thyroidectomized kidney-intact rats. The results suggest that in thyroxine depleted rats, the sensitivity of bone to the calcaemic effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is decreased.

scholarly journals Effects of Ammonium Chloride Supplements on Serum Calcium Concentration in Pre-parturient Dairy Cows

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto SUZUKI ◽  
Akihiro DAIRAKU ◽  
Tomio KATAGAI ◽  
Gensei TSUNODA ◽  
Kazuyuki SUZUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration

scholarly journals Effect of the first and second postpartum partial milking on blood serum calcium concentration in dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
E.G. Salgado-Hernández ◽  
A. Aparicio-Cecilio ◽  
F.H. Velásquez-Forero ◽  
D.A. Castillo-Mata
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Parturient paresis and subclinical hypocalcemia are frequent metabolic disorders in dairy cows postpartum. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of postpartum partial milking in the first two milkings on blood serum calcium concentration in dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomized into two groups. Cows of group 1 (n = 10) were partially milked at the first and second milking postpartum. Cows of group 2 (n = 10) were completely milked. Blood samples were collected from all animals 5–7 days before calving, within 30 min after calving, and 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 h after calving for determination of serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Colostrum production was registered and sampled in the first and second milking. Concentration of Ca in colostrum was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum Ca and P concentrations decreased in both groups after parturition (P < 0.05) and remained low during 32 h postpartum with no difference observed between groups (P > 0.05). Serum concentrations of Mg were stable in all samples and no statistical difference was observed between groups (P > 0.05). Colostrum production was higher in completely milked cows only in the first postpartum milking (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between groups at the second milking. Total Ca secretion in colostrum was higher in the complete milking group at the first and second postpartum milking. Colostrum Ca secretion increased at the second milking with respect to the first one in both groups (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between serum Ca and colostrum Ca (P > 0.05). In this study, the partial milking of colostrum in the first and second milking postpartum did not prevent subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows.  

scholarly journals Variations in serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium levels due to stage of lactation, season, and age in Ayrshire cows injected with vitamin D3 prior to calving

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Vappu Kossila ◽  
Paavo Niemelä ◽  
Erkki Koskenkorva
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Blood mineral studies were carried out in the dairy herd of the Viik Experimental Farm, in which parturient paresis has been successfully prevented by intramuscular injections of vitamin D3 (2 X 5 million I.U.). The material consisted of 41 cows from which 207 blood samples had been taken in 1963 and 12 cows (6 controls, 6 vitamin D injected cows) from which 72 blood samples had been taken in 1969. All cows were either dry and pregnant or lactating and nonpregnant. Compared to values obtained during the dry period, the serum calcium level was only slightly lower shortly after calving. The calcium level increased in the vitamin D treated cows during the ascending phase of lactation, whereas both the calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels remained relatively low in the control cows, respectively. The highest mean magnesium levels occurred during the 2nd and 3rd weeks of lactation. The serum calcium level was higher during the grazing period than during the indoor feeding period. Inorganic phosphorus remained at a relatively high level in younger cows during the grazing period, whereas a significant decrease was noted in the phosphorus level of older cows, respectively. The lowest magnesium values were noted in May, i.e. already before the beginning of the pasture season, the concentration increasing towards the end of the grazing period especially in younger cows. As a whole, younger cows had slightly higher mean serum calcium and magnesium levels and significantly higher inorganic phosphorus levels compared to older cows. The effect of age on the inorg. phosphorus level appeared to be more marked in dry cows and during the grazing period than in lactating cows and during the winter feeding period. Special attention has been paid to the blood mineral values of four individual cows suffering from various illnesses during the study period.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 restores fertility of vitamin D-deficient female rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (4) ◽  
pp. E483-E487 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Kwiecinksi ◽  
G. I. Petrie ◽  
H. F. DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3

Vitamin D deficiency reduces mating success and fertility in female rats, but it is not known if the reduction in reproductive performance is a direct action of vitamin D or the hypocalcemia associated with vitamin D deficiency. The effect of vitamin D deficiency with normocalcemia on fertility and reproductive capacity in female rats was investigated. Female weanling rats were maintained on vitamin D-deficient or vitamin D-replete diets until maturity and mated to age-matched, normal, vitamin D-replete males. Three groups of vitamin D-deficient females were maintained on diets varying in calcium and Pi concentrations to test the effect of vitamin D deficiency with different serum calcium and Pi concentrations on reproductive performance. Vitamin D-deficient females were capable of reproduction, but successful matings by all groups of vitamin D-deficient females were markedly reduced regardless of serum calcium concentration, when compared with matings with vitamin D-replete females. Fertility was also drastically reduced in litters from all groups of vitamin D-deficient females regardless of serum calcium concentration, when compared with litters from vitamin D-replete females. Vitamin D-deficient female rats that received vitamin D or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were capable of successfully mating and giving rise to normal, healthy litters. These results indicate that vitamin D and not hypocalcemia is directly responsible for reduced reproductive capacity and fertility in vitamin D-deficient female rats.

Effect of vitamin D and dietary calcium on parathyroid activity

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Y. W. Au ◽  
Lawrence G. Raisz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Normal Calcium

The effects of variations in vitamin D and calcium intake on parathyroid weight and amino acid uptake were studied in vivo. D-deficient rats on low or normal calcium intake developed hypocalcemia, parathyroid enlargement, and increased parathyroid uptake of α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). D-deficient rats fed a high-calcium diet and D-treated rats fed a normal-calcium diet had normal serum calcium concentrations, smaller parathyroids, and lower parathyroid uptake of AIB. When serum calcium concentration of vitamin D-deficient rats was increased acutely by vitamin D treatment, dietary lactose, or injection of calcium, parathyroid uptake of AIB decreased. Low-calcium medium stimulated and high-calcium medium suppressed AIB uptake of parathyroids from vitamin D-deficient rats in vitro. Parathyroids from vitamin D-deficient rats secreted bone-resorbing material in tissue cultures. The data indicate that both size and functional activity of rat parathyroids are inversely related to serum calcium concentration, and do not depend on the presence or absence of vitamin D.

Vitamin D Metabolism in Patients Intoxicated with Ergocalciferol

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Barbara Mawer ◽  
J. T. Hann ◽  
Jacqueline L. Berry ◽  
M. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Per Se

1. Vitamin D metabolites were measured on admission in eight patients intoxicated with ergocalciferol (serum calcium 3.01-4.05 mmol/l) and also during the subsequent 2 months in six of the eight. 2. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyergocalciferol, on admission, were grossly elevated in all patients (range 583-1843 nmol/l). 3. Serum calcium concentration was related significantly only to the concentration of 25-hydroxyergocalciferol (P = 0.003). 4. Concentrations of 25-hydroxyergocalciferol in serum were significantly related to those of calciferol (P = 0.004). 5. Elevated initial concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxycalciferol, mainly as 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol, were found in seven of the eight patients (range 179-313 pmol/l). 6. It is suggested that the hypercalcaemia in these patients may be explained by the action of 25-hydroxyergocalciferol at high concentration in competing for 1,25-dihydroxycalciferol receptors, thus exerting a biological effect per se, and also by increasing the synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycalciferol through a mass-action effect on the renal 1α-hydroxylase.

The influence of vitamin D intake on serum calcium in tuberculosis

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Gwinup ◽  
Guy Randazzo ◽  
Alan Elias
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Prospective Controlled Study

Abstract. We report the first prospective controlled study designed to determine the effect of vitamin D ingestion on serum calcium concentration in patients with tuberculosis. Every patient admitted to the tuberculosis ward over a 6 month period, who was free of any condition which might influence serum calcium concentration, was randomly assigned to one of two groups. The diet of the first group was substituted with ergocalciferol 5000 units daily. The diet of the second group was not supplemented. In addition, the second group was randomly subdivided into two subgroups. The first subgroup received a diet unrestricted in vitamin D. The second subgroup received a diet containing less than 50 units of vitamin D. Serum calcium was determined at weekly intervals. In contradistinction to the results of a previously reported retrospective study, there was no significant difference between the group receiving supplemental vitamin D and the control group at any time during the entire period of study. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the subgroup of patients receiving normal dietary vitamin D and the sungroup maintained on the diet restricted in vitamin D.

scholarly journals Effect of prostaglandin F2α administration during the first postpartum hours on the serum calcium concentration of dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eligio Gabriel Salgado-Hernández ◽  
Jan Bouda ◽  
Adolfo Aparicio-Cecilio-A ◽  
Jaroslav Doubek ◽  
Francisco Hernany Velásquez-Forero
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Synthetic Analog ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Group 2

Subclinical hypocalcemia occurs frequently in dairy cows and predisposes them to reproductive pathologies. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) improves uterine health and increases the level of serum calcitriol in other species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium cloprostenol on serum calcium, metabolites of vitamin D and reproductive variables. Eighty multiparous Holstein cows were selected and randomized into two groups. The cows in Group 1 (n = 38) were treated with 500 µg of I M sodium cloprostenol, a synthetic analog of PGF2α, at 1 and 48 h postpartum. Group 2 was the control group (n = 42). Blood samples were taken from 10 animals per group at 1, 3, 12, 24, 48 h and 7 d postcalving. The incidence of retained placenta, metritis and endometritis and the number of open days were recorded. The concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, calcidiol and calcitriol in the serum were evaluated using an analysis of variance for repeated measures design. The serum Ca concentration was increased up to normalized at day 7 in the PGF2α group compared with the level in the control group. PGF2α treatment increased the serum calcium concentration and reduced the number of open days, and thus, could be useful in preventing subclinical hypocalcemia and postpartum reproductive problems.

Serum Calcium and Vitamin D Status of Patients with Sickle Cell Disease in Curaçao

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fey P L van der Dijs ◽  
Fiona R M van der Klis ◽  
Fred D Muskiet ◽  
Frits A J Muskiet
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

We measured parameters of calcium homeostasis and vitamin D status in HbSS patients (median age 8 years, range 3–19; 8 females, 10 males) and matched HbAA controls living in the tropical island of Curaçao. Serum calcium concentration in HbSS patients [2·32(0·07) mmol/L] was lower (ANCOVA, P = 0·002) than that of HbAA controls [2·44(0·14)]. None of the subjects had hypocalcaemia. There were no differences in serum concentrations of phosphate, total protein, albumin, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [87(27) nmol/L in patients, 86(15) nmol/L in controls) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. There were no significant relations between PTH and 25(OH)D. We conclude that vitamin D status of HbSS patients in Curaçao is adequate.

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