scholarly journals Prospects for Using a Typological Approach in the Theory and Practice of Personality Modeling: Forensic and Criminal Procedural Aspects

2020 ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Nikolay T. Vedernikov ◽  
◽  
Vladimir L. Yuan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Attitude ◽  
Typological Approach ◽  
Biographical Analysis

The article reveals a complex of problems of using the method of biographical analysis in studies of the personality of the accused. The range of problems involves criminal, criminal procedure, tactical and criminalistic aspects. The object of the research was the prospects for using the typological approach in the theory and practice of forensic modeling of personality. The study is based on the following general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, system-structural. The study also employs the following specific scientific methods: biographical analysis, statistical analysis, expert assessment. The following conclusions are made in the article. The accentuated type is determined primarily genetically, the accused acquires it from birth. The type determines the form of adaptation in the environment and in society. The biological parameters of the personality of the accused are closely related to the character accentuation. The latter best manifests itself at the stage of direct investigative actions, including their repeated conduct, and determines the effectiveness of methods of psychological influence. The stratum the accused belongs to is determined by society: growing up, the accused socializes and gains access to certain social clusters, which in total characterize the stratum and determine the social connections and personal potential of the accused. The social characteristics of the personality of the accused are closely related to the social stratum the accused belongs to. The stratum best manifests itself at the preparatory stages of investigative actions and determines the range of sources of information about the accused. The psychological attitude is due to adaptation in the process of growing up; it is closely related to the mechanisms of mental defense and is a source of motivation for all actions, decisions and choices throughout life. Individual psychological personality traits are closely related to the psychological attitude and mechanisms of mental defense. They best manifest themselves at the initial stage of the investigative action and determine the specifics of establishing psychological contact during the first interrogation. Despite the fact that the division of all biographical information about the personality of the accused is rather conditional and the use of three typologies at the level of the model of the personality of the accused is equally conditional, the use of at least this number of typologies seems reasonable at the initial stage of research at this level.

ANALYSIS OF SELECTED BIOGRAPHICAL FACTS ABOUT THE PERSONALITY OF A PERSON WHO ABUSES HIS OR HER POWER IN THE CONTEXT OF A FORENSIC STUDY OF PERSONALITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Vladimir L. Yuan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Biographical Analysis

The article reveals a set of problems related to the forensic investigation of personality when using the method of biographical analysis. The range of problems involves methodo-logical, statistical, forensic, and psychological aspects. The subject of the research was a complex of biographical facts, bearing a possibility of interpretation of personal properties of their bearer. Regularities were revealed in relation to a personality of the person abusing his office. The study used the following general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, system-structural. The following specific scientific methods were used in the study: modelling, statis-tical analysis, comparative-historical, expert assessment. The analysis was carried out by recording data on the defendants' employment activities related to the commission of the offence for which Article 285 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation establishes liability. Among the persons examined, military personnel made up the smallest percentage of defendants, while among public sector employees almost half were employed in the education sector. The article reached a number of conclusions as follows. The development of a criminalistic characteristic of the personality of a person who abuses his powers from the perspective of biographical analysis, it is advisable to begin with the identification of groups of biographical facts that have a pronounced correlation with the predisposition to commit crimes of this type. It is not an unconditional predisposition of persons to commit this type of crime if their biography contains, to a large extent, biographical facts that are interrelated with a predisposi-tion to abuse their position in office. It is necessary to speak about the existence of such a relationship, which has the potential to form tendencies, but at the same time, it is not absolute. The final conclusion is that the biographical analysis reveals a number of biographical facts that have a strong correlation with a predisposition to abuse of power. The information obtained will make it possible to know in advance, at the initial stage of the investigation, a number of typical personality traits of the defendant and to have an idea of other sources of information about him. The information obtained will also make it possible, when planning the investigation of the type of crime in question, to rely on the psychological characteristics already known about the personality of the accused, on the basis of which investigative tactics, such as questioning, confrontation, search, etc., can be developed.

Indigenous business success: a hybrid perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Ruth Omonigho Mrabure
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indigenous Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subjective Meanings

PurposeThis paper aims to address the notion that the relationship between being indigenous and business success is inconclusive because there are tensions between indigenous values and business success. The research questions are: How do indigenous entrepreneurs define success? Does the third space create a different meaning of success in the indigenous context?Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was adopted for this study because the ability to define success requires subjective meanings. Participants’ lived experiences and stories were the main sources of information. Open conversational-style interviews were used because they allow participants to freely share their stories.FindingsA defining line is that not all indigenous entrepreneurs have the same view of success. The homogeneity that emanates from sharing indigeneity does not equal unity in views, but shows that people from the same group can view success differently. However, the meaning and views formed are also connected to the wider community, relationships and predominant values that characterise the social cultural context of the entrepreneur.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on one indigenous group; more studies need to be conducted to gain wider variation on the meaning of success in indigenous entrepreneurship and how indigenous subculture alters these meanings.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study show that success for indigenous entrepreneurs should be defined based on individual philosophy. Hence, practitioners should endeavour to clarify what success means from the initial stage of the business to avoid misconception and make this clear to others that are connected to the business.Originality/valueThis paper suggests a different view of success in an indigenous context using the hybridity viewpoint to explain why success can be perceived using the in-between space without opposite binary.

scholarly journals Criminal liability for cruelty to animals under the legislation of Ukraine: features of theory and practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 264-273
Author(s):  
Oksana Hrytenko ◽  
Vitaliy Prymachenko ◽  
Volodymyr Shablystyi ◽  
Ihor Karikh
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Cruelty To Animals

The study aimed to determine the characteristics of criminal liability for cruelty to animals. The object of the study is social relations arising in the field of morality protection. We used the following general scientific methods: dialectical, historical, descriptive, methods of scientific analysis and generalization. In addition to general scientific methods, we also used special methods: comparative legal and statistical. Having performed a retrospective analysis of criminal liability for cruelty to animals, we identified four historical stages in the formation and development of criminal legal standards for cruelty to animals. Having investigated the reasons for the social conditioning of criminalization for cruelty to animals, the authors identified a range of problems in the field of humane treatment of animals that require immediate solutions: the use of animals in scientific experiments, the manufacture of clothing from leather and animal fur, the activities of dog hunters and the use of animals in circuses. Factors affecting the cruelty of a person have been also identified. The delimitation of corpus delicti from an administrative offense is carried out according to several main criteria: the degree of public danger and consequences. International experience in the context of criminal liability for cruelty to animals is diverse.

Conceptual foundations for the development of J.G.Turner’s general sociological theory: Metatheoretical ideas, basic concepts and analytical scheme

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-60
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Reznik
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Analytical Scheme ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article discusses the conceptual foundations of the development of the general sociological theory of J.G.Turner. These foundations are metatheoretical ideas, basic concepts and an analytical scheme. Turner began to develop a general sociological theory with a synthesis of metatheoretical ideas of social forces and social selection. He formulated a synthetic metatheoretical statement: social forces cause selection pressures on individuals and force them to change the patterns of their social organization and create new types of sociocultural formations to survive under these pressures. Turner systematized the basic concepts of his theorizing with the allocation of micro-, meso- and macro-levels of social reality. On this basis, he substantiated a simple conceptual scheme of social dynamics. According to this scheme, the forces of macrosocial dynamics of the population, production, distribution, regulation and reproduction cause social evolution. These forces force individual and corporate actors to structurally adapt their communities in altered circumstances. Such adaptation helps to overcome or avoid the disintegration consequences of these forces. The initial stage of Turner's general theorizing is a kind of audit, modification, modernization and systematization of the conceptual apparatus of sociology. The initial results obtained became the basis for the development of his conception of the dynamics of functional selection in the social world.

“Sou Inglesa! Sou Inglesa!”: Memórias de uma Menina Anglo-Portuguesa (1907-1930)

2017 ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Miguel Alarcão
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social History ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times

Textualizing the memory(ies) of physical and cultural encounter(s) between Self and Other, travel literature/writing often combines subjectivity with documental information which may prove relevant to better assess mentalities, everyday life and the social history of any given ‘timeplace’. That is the case with Growing up English. Memories of Portugal 1907-1930, by D. J. Baylis (née Bucknall), prefaced by Peter Mollet as “(…) a remarkably vivid and well written observation of the times expressed with humour and not little ‘carinho’. In all they make excellent reading especially for those of us interested in the recent past.” (Baylis: 2)

Eyblism and the Social Environment in Theory and Practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
N. N. Khomutova ◽  
K. A. Vizner ◽  
S. A. Makhortova ◽  
S. N. Chudievich
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Good Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Barrier Free

The problem of the discrimination of people with disabilities remains being an urgent social problem. Misunderstanding of the meaning of this problem by others results in a situation when invalid’s level of life cannot be equal to a healthy person’s level of life. This article raises the issue of ableism in order to explore the idea of barrier-free environment integration. The results of a social survey are demonstrating a good level of respondent’s awareness concerning this problem and their will to participate in a discussion and taking of measures for the integration of a barrier-free environment with the intention to raise the invalid’s level of life.

Bank Marketing: Features, New Trends, and Prospects

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
E. N. Valiev ◽  
E. N. Veysov
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
New Directions ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bank Marketing

The importance of the subject of this study is attributable to the need of developing the theory and practice of formation of bank marketing, its features and new trends associated with this concept. Prospects for the development of banks and their ability to quickly and efficiently address new challenges presented by the market can be determined through modern forms, methods of management and creative use of financial marketing opportunities.Aim. The presented study aims to examine the specific aspects, principles, conditions, factors of emergence, and prospects for the development of bank marketing and forms of its management in modern economic conditions.Tasks. The authors identify the major trends and perspective directions in the development of bank marketing in Azerbaijan at the current stage.Methods. As its methodological and theoretical basis, this study uses a systems approach to the analysis of its subject, conceptual approaches outlined in the works of Azerbaijani, Russian, and foreign scientists in the field of bank marketing. These methods are used to determine the essence of bank marketing, present the types and organization of marketing research, and identify the characteristic traits, new forms, and directions for the development of bank marketing.Results. The study uses general scientific methods of cognition in various aspects to identify characteristic traits, trends, and new directions of bank marketing. A review of scientific publications shows that academic papers tend to focus on general conceptual approaches to the practical application of marketing. The authors believe that the issues of organization of a comprehensive bank management system, its implementation based on innovations in the promotion of banking products and services in the financial market, and substantiation of channels for their distribution among consumers are insufficiently explored. This makes the subject of this study extremely relevant due to the inevitable optimization of the organizational structure of banks through comprehensive implementation of the marketing system.Conclusions. Theoretical and practical issues of bank marketing are examined. As a result, the specific features and characteristic traits of this mechanism, conditions and factors for its emergence, and its prospects in the context of the digital economy are analyzed.

Archaeological Site Survey: Some Sociocultural Perspectives

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Larry L. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Sociocultural Perspectives ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Basically, this paper concentrates on two major ideas: 1) archaeologists have not utilized informants as much as they could or perhaps should in site survey; and, 2) the use of serious amateur archaeologists as sources of information on sites and site locations may be more efficient and effective than traditional site survey techniques that tend to emphasize only on-ground visitations. The paper stresses the idea that survey results can be improved upon given the development of increased sensitivity to the social/cultural environment in which the survey is to be undertaken and by broadening survey skills to encompass the identification, locating and interviewing of local informants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document