Non-Russian Mythology and Folklore in the Volga Travelogue of the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Lyudmila N. Sarbash ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Material Functions ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Volga Travelogue is a large layer of travel essays in the 19th-century Russian literature. This layer has not become a subject of special research in literature studies. The “journey along the Volga” is distinguished by the wide diversity of issues and themes it discusses: the economic and industrial activities of the region, its cultural and historical sights, the uniqueness of the Volga region in an ethnographic perspective – of the multifaceted “Volga region resident”. One of the structural components of the travelogue is the Volga mythology and folklore: historical-geographical and cultural-ethnic information is supplemented with legends of the ancient Volga, Russian and non- Russian (Tatar, Mordovian, German, Kalmyk) legends. Describing the “non-Russian Volga”, writers refer to the national aspects of the life of different nationalities, the most important archetypes of their consciousness. A characteristic feature of N.P. Bogolyubov’s travelogue The Volga from Tver to Astrakhan is the non-Russian word as a marker of cultural identity: it is invariably present in the description of national customs. Telling about the “Mordovian places” of the Volga region, Bogolyubov describes specific rituals associated with the birth of a baby and with burials. The Muslim as a different national and cultural tradition of the Volga region particularly attracts writers’ attention. M.I. Nevzorov, in his Journey to Kazan, Vyatka and Orenburg in 1800, tells about the spiritual and religious experience of the Tatar people: writes about the ontological constants, acquaints the reader with epigraphic culture representing Muslims’ existential ideas about people and the universe. S. Monastyrsky, in his Illustrated companion along the Volga, presents Tatar legends about the winged snake Jilantau, about the “Black Chamber” and the khan’s daughter. These legends express the religious and poetic ideas of the people. Telling about the local cultural and mythological tradition is a characteristic feature of the Russian travelogue: an autochthon is represented by its ethnocultural identity. Folklore material functions in structural parallels – multilingual sources: V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, in his travelogue The Great River: Pictures from the Life and Nature on the Volga, gives two – Russian and Mordovian – versions of the legend about “Polonyanka”, and notes the particular poetry of the non-Russian text. In the combination of various – Tatar, Russian, Kalmyk – cultural and national constants of the lower Volga. German characterology is particularly expressed. A German legend associated with biblical material about the history of the prophet Elijah’s wandering through the desert to Sarepta of Sidon is fixed in the travelogues of Ya.P. Kuchin, S. Monastyrsky, and A.P. Valueva. The legend conveys the historical “memory of the place” – the foundation of the Sarepta colony. In the travelogues of V. Sidorov, N. Bogolyubov, descriptions of Buddhist Kalmyks, with their way of life, khuruls and gelyungs, are supplemented with Kalmyk legends about the Bogdo-Ola mountain. Folklore and mythology as categories of a non-native cultural text complicate the artistic system of the travelogue and contribute to the poetic comprehension of the poly-ethnic and poly-confessional Volga region.

scholarly journals The Role of ‘Ulama (Arabic Scholars) In The 19th Century Yoruba Nation And Politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-74
Author(s):  
A. O. Hashimi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
The People ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The 19Th Century

The nineteenth Century was a revolutionary period in the history of societies, kingdoms and empires in Yorubaland. The Century witnessed profound and irreversible social, religious and political transformations in the lives of the people who lived in the region. Both internal and external factors were responsible for these processes of change. The consequential events centred on commerce, politics, religion, warfare, intra-and intergroup relations, and reform and adjustment to new ways of life. This paper describes the activities of the Muslims in the 19th century Yoruba Politics, and the significant roles played by the ‘Ulama in the period under study. Islam was introduced to Yorubaland before the 19th century, and the population was reinforced by the ingress of Muslim immigrants and Hausa slaves who were brought to Oyo Empire. In this diverse group different roles were played by the Muslim community and the ‘Ulama (clerics). The activities of the Muslims had momentous impact on 19th century Yoruba politics in different ways as recorded in Arabic documents and other historical materials. In the course of time, Muslims occupied positions of great authority in royal administration. They used their position to promote Islam. This paper argues that the roles of the ‘Ulama in the political transformation and social change in Yorubaland was so important that its impact is felt till today.

scholarly journals A brief history of the term ‘habitable zone’ in the 19th century

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Manasvi Lingam
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Habitable Zone ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Planetary Habitability

Abstract The appellation ‘habitable zone’ in astrobiology in sooth evinces an overlooked and winding history that can be traced back to the 19th century. This paper sketches how this term from geography was generalized to encompass planetary habitability. The people involved in this narrative are numerous, but the bulk of their musings were rather nebulous. Yet, during this period appear the first true insights, although sadly this saga is not altogether sans blights.

scholarly journals A. N. Minh’s study of the history of the Saratov Volga region settlement

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-269
Author(s):  
Alla S. Mayorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Local History ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Special Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Archive ◽  
The 19Th Century

The issue of the Saratov Volga region settlement by the peasantry was covered in the first works on local history. The beginning of its special study was associated with the need to clarify the reasons for the tense social situation that had developed in the region by the middle of the 19th century. A. N. Minh’s monograph was the first attempt at a purposeful search and consolidation of evidence on peasant colonization. It opens a series of papers devoted to this problem and published by members of the Saratov Scientific Archive Commission.

scholarly journals Pszichometria Magyarországon a 20. század első felében

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1–2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Vajda Zsuzsanna
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Key Words ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
Mental Testing ◽  
The 19Th Century

Kulcsszavak: az értelmi képességek mérése, gyerekek és az iskola, a képességmérés bevezetése MagyarországonA modern pszichológia megszületésében - ezt a pszichológushallgatók már a bevezető kurzusokon megtanulják – alapvető szerepet játszott, hogy a 19. század derekára létrejöttek a mentális funkciók mérésének elvi és gyakorlati lehetőségei. Az egyszerűbb megismerő funkciók (érzékelés, emlékezés) mellett az értelmi képességek jelentették az első komplex emberi sajátosságot, amelynek mérésével a kutatók kísérleteztek. A koponya- és agytérfogat- vizsgálatoktól nem túlságosan hosszú út vezetett az értelem teljesítmény alapú méréséig, amelynek legsikeresebb változata a mai módszerekre is hatást gyakorló Alfred Binet nevéhez fűződik. Binet módszere gyorsan elterjedt a világ fejlettebbik felében, alig néhány éven belül Magyarországra is eljutott. Vajon tartogat-e érdekességeket a több, mint egy évszázaddal ezelőtt zajlott hazai adaptáció bemutatása a mai olvasónak?Key words: measurement of mental capacities, children and schooling, introduction of mental testing in Hungary.By the end of  the 19th century many attempts had been made for the sake of measurement of mental capacities. It was nevertheless a theoretical and a practical need: having „objective” data about human skills  was a condition of becoming psychology as „science”. Hence educators wanted to learn more about cognitive development of children  and to understand why certain children could not keep up with their peers in the classrooms of schools. In the early 19ties Binet and Simon’s  test gained ground in Europe and United States and it has been soon introduced into Hungary  too. This paper gives a surway of the history of its introduction, its social and historical background and the people who took part in it.

The History of Gilgit-Baltistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafqat Hussain
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Full Member ◽  
The People ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan ◽  
Chinese Travelers

The Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) region in northern Pakistan, formerly known as the Northern Areas of Pakistan, has a long history. The people of the region, described as Dards, are mentioned by classical Greek and Roman historians and in sacred Hindu texts. This early history (3rd century ce–10th century ce) of the region shows it as ruled by the Kushan, Chinese, and Tibetan empires. In the 7th-century accounts of Chinese travelers and 8th- and 9th-century Arabic and Persian chronicles, the region is named as Palolo or Bolor in Arabic. It is also mentioned in the 10th-century Persian chronicle Hodud al-ʿĀlam, the 11th-century Kashmiri classic Rajatarangini, and the 16th-century Tarikh-e-Rushdi of Mirza Haider Dughlat, a chronicler of the Mughal emperor Akbar’s court. The colonial history of the region began with the forays of the Dogra generals of Gulab Singh, the Raja of Jammu in the first half of the 19th century. It is this history of foreign invasions and local rebellions that lies at the heart of the confusion that surrounds the legal, political, and constitutional status of the region to this day. The successive invasions of local Rajas from Jammu and later on from Kashmir, then of the British, as well as the region’s attachment to Pakistan have resulted in multiple claims and counterclaims of sovereignty. Today, the region is mired in the intractable dispute between India and Pakistan over Kashmir. At one point in the late 19th century, the Kashmir state, the British, and the Chinese all simultaneously laid claim on the small kingdom of Hunza. Between 1947 and 1974, the Pakistani government administered GB in much the same way as the British had done, that is, without political representation of the region in the national Parliament. The history of GB since Partition has been essentially a history of its struggle to become a full member of the Pakistani state. This history is fascinating as a case of graded sovereignty. Some piecemeal reforms and agonizingly slow implementation of those reforms since the 1950s has occurred. The hope of the local people in 1947 that they would join the Pakistani federation as a province, as other regions of the country, has essentially remained unrealized.

On the Characteristics of Post-Secularity in the Light of Russian Secularization History: Orthodox Clergy as the Instrument of the Modern in Russia from the 18th to the First Half of the 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Abbot Vitaly Utkin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Jürgen Habermas ◽  
Jurgen Habermas ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The author examines the characteristics of Post-Secularity as the continuation of the modern in the history of Russian secularization in the 18th – first half of the 19th century using the methodology of Jürgen Habermas. The author views the Orthodox clergy of Russian Church as one of “the instruments” of the modern in Russia. The ideology of the clergy, while preserving the sacred dogmatic and liturgical fundamentals, was rationalized down to the limit due to ecclesiastic education based on the studies of Latin. In the eyes of the state power the clergy was some kind of petty officials meant to play the civilizing role for the people. And that resulted in the disagreement of the ideology of the clergy and Russian peasantry that was very vividly demonstrated in the course of popular uprisings, – and most of all in the so-called “Potato Riots”.

Typology of the Currents of Cultural Populism. Herald of Omsk University

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4 (28)) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Gennady N. Mokshin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article is devoted to the cultural populism of the last third of the 19th century, which united the supporters of the peaceful cultural and educational activities of the intelligentsia among the people; analyzes the difficulties associated with the problem of conceptualizing the history of this direction; the author’s approach to the classification of the leading trends of cultural populism is substantiated and the views of their leaders are characterized.

scholarly journals A Brief Overview by Andrey Glagolev: The First Corpus of Monuments of History and Culture of Russia (Based on Publications of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the 1830s–1840s)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Б. Гуров
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Ancient Monuments ◽  
The 19Th Century

В статье на основе периодических изданий Министерства внутренних дел 30-40-х гг. XIX в. анализируется первый свод памятников России – «Краткое обозрение древних русских зданий и других отечественных памятников», составленное ученым, историком и археологом А.Г. Глаголевым по поручению министра внутренних дел Д.Н. Блудова. Анализ проводится с целью установления, какие именно памятники и по какой причине были отобраны государством для охраны. В первой части исследования изучен процесс составления свода, вторая посвящена анализу его пообъектного состава. При подготовке статьи использовались нарративный и исторический методы исследования, а также сравнительный и типологический. Делается вывод, что основу первого свода памятников России составили, в первую очередь, памятники церковной архитектуры, главным критерием отбора объектов при этом выступала их древность, причастность к истории, выдающимся историческим событиям и жизни великих людей, то есть историческая и мемориальная ценность. The article analyzes the first corpus of monuments of Russia—A Brief Overview of Ancient Russian Buildings and Other Domestic Monuments. The corpus was compiled by the scientist, historian and archaeologist Andrey Glagolev under the instruction of Minister of Internal Affairs Dmitry Bludov. The analysis aims to determine which monuments were selected by the state for protection and why. Glagolev’s A Brief Overview has never been the subject of separate consideration in Russian science. At the same time, this is a very valuable document for the history of cultural heritage protection in Russia. A Brief Overview was based on materials prepared by local governors in response to circulars from the Ministry of the Internal Affairs of 31 December 1826 and 9 October 1837. The Ministry of Internal Affairs received these materials and passed them to Glagolev for verification and editing. Thus, the materials published in the official publications of the Ministry of internal Affairs are the result of the work of a lot of people throughout the country; they allow us to understand what local officials and metropolitan scientists understood by ancient monuments. The article consists of two parts. The first is devoted to the process of compiling the corpus, and the second to the analysis of its object-specific composition. The first part was prepared using narrative and historical research methods, while the second part was prepared using comparative and typological methods. In total, A Brief Overview and its accompanying materials contain information about 2,155 monuments, which fall into two large groups: Russian monuments (1,506 objects) and monuments of other ethnoses (649 objects). The analysis of the structure of the corpus of monuments and the distribution of all the described monuments into types (churches, monasteries, fortifications, civil buildings, necropolises, engineering structures, natural objects, etc.) leads to the conclusion that the basis of the first corpus of Russian monuments was primarily monuments of church architecture. The analysis of the description of objects in Glagolev’s materials allows concluding that the main criterion for selecting monuments for inclusion in the corpus was their antiquity, involvement in history, outstanding historical events and the lives of great people, that is, historical and memorial value. Thus, in the first half of the 19th century, Russian society considered the ancient church architecture as the main channel for transmitting the historical memory of the people from generation to generation.

scholarly journals Archival Rossica in Slovakia: Documents on the History of Slovak-Russian Contacts in the Archive of the Slovak Matica

2021 ◽  
pp. 543-554
Author(s):  
Miroslav Danish ◽  
◽  
Galina V. Rokina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
National Movements ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article traces the process of formation of archival Rossica in one of the oldest archives of the Slovak Republic. The authors analyze documentary materials on the history of the Slovak-Russian contacts in the 19th century, the period when ties between Slovak and Russian scientists and public figures were most intense. It was at this time that the process of national identity formation of the Slovaks took place. The article is to investigate the content of documents from the standpoint of methodology of historical memory and that of principles of historicism. Despite the fact that the history of the Slovak-Russian relations has been in the focus of attention of national and foreign scientists for many years, there are no special scientific studies in which archival materials on this issue would be systematized. In the modern historiographic situation, as there continues a “revision” of previous assessments of the history of the Slovak-Russian relations, the role of archival heritage increases, and yet its significant part has not been introduced into scientific use. In historical science, the most important archive for reconstruction of the history of the Slovak-Russian contacts in the 19th century is the archive of the Slovak Matica. This organization was created by order of the Austro-Hungarian authorities in Martin, city in the East of Slovakia. In the 19th century the Slovak Matica was a center of social life of the Slovaks and played an important role in the formation of the Slovak nation. The article details the complex history of the formation of the archival Rossica collection in the archive of Martin and all stages of its emergence and development. The archive of the Slovak Matica has undergone significant organizational changes over a century and a half of its existence. It is currently called the Archives of Literature and Art of the Slovak National Library (ALI SNB). The authors systematize the archival Rossica in the ALI SNB by the nature of documents and problems. The article provides an overview of the main groups of archival collections and fonds that preserve the historical evidence on nature and intensity of the Slovak-Russian contacts in the 19th century. An analysis of archival materials has shown that these relations developed mainly at the level of personal contacts between Slovak and Russian scientists, writers, and public figures. The authors of the article conclude that the Rossica in the archives of Slovakia still remains an incompletely developed topic for researchers, primarily for Russian ones. Study of the archival Rossica acquires special significance in modern humanities, as there continues a revision of previous assessments of historical events, facts, and actions of national movements leaders.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Life History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Comparative History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Issues

This chapter introduces the life history of James Churchwill (“Church”) Vaughan and the historical issues that examining his life helps to clarify. These include the pervasiveness of slavery in the 19th century Atlantic world, the blurry distinctions between slavery and freedom, African American “return” to Africa, and the influence of the African diaspora on Africa itself. The chapter also lays out the methodological challenges of writing biographies of unknown individuals. Vaughan’s story as remembered by his family members is contradicted by historical evidence; but the way that story was produced and transmitted offers insights into historical memory as well as the comparative history of slavery, freedom, and white supremacy in the Atlantic world.

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