Mineralogical information in the diary of D. G. Messerschmidt on the route of the future Siberian expedition of P. S. Pallas: materials for the study of scientific continuity

This work is aimed at detectinginformation from the field of mineralogy in the documentary heritage of the first scientific expedition to Siberia by D. G. Messerschmidt. The analysis was made of an expedition diary, the original of which is kept in the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, – the fragmentsthat describes Messerschmidt’s Siberian route, coinciding with the future route of P. S. Pallas, who visited many of the Siberian regions that Messerschmidt had explored half a century before. Messerschmidt recorded data on several groups of minerals, including salts, metals, clays, micas, etc.The question of Messerschmidt’s creation of his mineralogical collections, as well as their systematics and cataloging deserves special study. The analysis of the results of the Messerschmidt’sobservations provides material for establishing the influence on Pallas of the first German scientist traveler, despite the fact that Pallas knew well Messerschmidt’s scientific heritage and made his efforts to make it public.

The scene as a space for artistic searches of the director-author. Part 1. Rainer Werner Fassbinder: stage-screen experiments

The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of creativity of directors who have realized their artistic potential both in auteur cinema and in the space of the stage and to determine scientific guidelines that will contribute to a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of the filmmaker in the performing arts. Research methodology. Methods of scientific analysis, comparison, generalization, self-analysis of the artist were used in the elaboration of the theme. In addition, analytical and systematic methods were applied in their unity, which is necessary to study the art aspect of the problem. The scientific novelty of the study is to determine the universality of directing as a specific kind of artistic and aesthetic activity; in clarifying the interaction of performing and screen arts in the use of expressive means; in determining the features of the filmmaker's activity in the stage space through the adaptation of screen means in theatrical productions, which first became the subject of a special study; in the coverage, the activities of directors-authors who resorted to reforming the language of language and the language of stage production; in identifying the original principles of filmmaking and specific means of cinematic expression, which not only found a direct embodiment in films and contributed to the emergence of outstanding authorial films but also had a significant impact on the author's theatrical direction, which sought to visualize stage images. Conclusions. It is proved that the stage work of filmmakers-authors calls into question the theoretical postulates about the perniciousness of the intrusion of theater culture into screen works. It has been found that pictorial and expressive means provide a chronology of image creation (long shots, in-frame editing, acoustic, light, and shadow effects), the use of which in cinema is considered a high degree of skill, have their origins in the performing arts. Keywords: director-author, stage space, directing means, theater, screen.

The Liturgical Singing Tradition of the Old Believers Priests of the Village of Koida (Based on the Materials of the Pushkin House Expedition in 1975 and 1976)

В 1975 и 1976 годах состоялись фольклорные экспедиции Института русской литературы в с.Койда Мезенского р-на Архангельской области, в ходе которых были записаны разнообразные в стилевом и историческом отношении духовные стихи, а также богослужебные песнопения. До настоящего времени коллекция звукозаписей, хранящаяся в Фонограммархиве ИРЛИ, не становилась предметом специального изучения. В ходе исследования удалось атрибутировать гимнографические тексты, выделить особенности распевов и духовных стихов, выявить их источники, частично реконструировать условия звукозаписи. На основе материалов более поздних фольклорно-археографических экспедиций ИРЛИ были восстановлены сведения о жизни старообрядческой общины, которая принадлежала к белокриницкому согласию. Коллекция богослужебных песнопений в музыкальном отношении разнообразна: она содержит пение «по напевке», «на глас», распевы письменной традиции, памятогласие. Внебогослужебная лирика представлена популярными духовными стихами позднего происхождения, за исключением эсхатологических стихов, распевы которых опираются на богослужебную традицию гласового пения. In 1975 and 1976, the Institute of Russian Literature (the Pushkin House) arranged expeditions to the village of Koida, Mezensky District, Arkhangelsk Region, during which spiritual verses and liturgical chants diverse in style and history were recorded. Until now, the collection of sound recordings (32 items) stored in the Phonogram Archive has not been a subject of special study. In the course of the research, it has become possible to attribute hymnographic texts, to highlight specifics of the chants and spiritual verses, to identify their sources, and partially reconstruct conditions of the sound recording. The materials of later folklore and archaeographic expeditions, provided the following information: facts about the life of the Old Believer’s community that belonged to the Belokrinitsky concord, the names of mentors, forms of mentoring and transmitting the singing tradition. The chants and spiritual verses were recorded from two significant performers — mentors Nadezhda Malygina and Nikandr Malygin. The collection of chants is diverse and contains oral and written versions of chants, mnemonic (pamyatoglasie). Non-liturgical music is represented by popular spiritual poetry of late origin, except for eschatological verses, the melody of which is similar to the chant.

Василий Татищев, “искусной архитект” Фридриха Барбароссы и кто-то третий

The author attempts to find out under what circumstances Vasilii Tatishchev could have come to his assertion that Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa had sent an architect to Andrei Bogoliubskii, prince of Vladimir. Despite the wide popularity of this Tatishchev's argument among today's historians of architecture, it has never become the subject of a special study. Meanwhile, this case allows a deep look into the specific research methods of a historian in the first half of the eighteenth century, as well as into his narrative strategies and value orientations.

Вооружение и знамена мусульманского населения Восточного Туркестана и сопредельных территорий середины XVIII в. по материалам «Циньдин Хуанъюй Сиюй тучжи»

Introduction. The article deals with the juan (chapter) 42 of the Qing source “Qinding Huangyu Xiyu tuzhi” written in the second half of the 18th century and devoted to the weapons and banners of the Muslim population (Huibu) of the former Dzungar state. The chapter has not been previously translated into European languages and has not been the object of a special study either. The purpose of the research is to examine and introduce this new data for scholarly attention and further inquiry. Results. The compilation of the document was initiated by Emperor Qianlong after the territory of the Dzungar state was annexed to the Qing Empire. A group of Qing officials and of European specialists was sent to explore the newly acquired lands. The work in Dzungaria was largely carried out in 1756–1757, while the study of East Turkestan was completed in the spring of 1759. The work on the text itself began the same year to continue for about 23 years (1759–1782). Manchu military leaders who participated in the war in Central Asia took part in the compilation of the document, too. The chapter under study describes three types of bladed weapons of the Muslim population in the region (kılıç, selem, hançer), spear (naiza), ax (aibalta), bow (yay), arrows (ok), quiver (saadak), chain mail (sauyt), plate armor (kuyak), quilted soft armor (olbog), mirror armor (char-ayna), helmet (duulga), and plate belt (beldemchi). Special attention was given to such parts of military suits as quilted liners of helmets and upper trousers (shalbars). Also, two types of battle banners are described in detail, such a salam, the small banner of beys and tug, a big banner. Each item is supplied with a description and the transcription of its original name. In some cases, the material used for their manufacture and typical sizes are indicated. Conclusions. The data of the written source under study compared with authentic samples of weapons and pertaining visual materials has shown that the Qing officials described the weapons and banners of the region with high degree of reliability. Some of this information is unique and can be found in no other sources of the period. The authors pointed out correlations between the original names of the weapons and armor with their constructive features, which opens new avenues for further research of the written works and epics of the Turkic population of Central Asia.

Moscow Travel Guide for Voltaire

The manuscript “Description of the city of Moscow” from the Voltaire Library has been subjected to special study for the first time. In this essay, the ancient Russian capital is presented as a vast and crowded city, the distinctive feature of which is the abundance of churches and monasteries. The description of the city is conducted according to the historically formed parts: the Kremlin, Kitay-gorod, White City, Earthen City. The description is based on the “Plan of the Imperial city of Moscow” by I. Michurin (1739). The most likely the author of this kind of guidebooks is I. C. Taubert.

Diplomatic Preparation for the English Invasion of France in 1415

Introduction. According to the latest research, the managerial genius of Henry V was most fully manifested in the military, financial and diplomatic fields. The authors analyze in detail the royal diplomacy, which has not been the subject of special study. Diplomacy is analyzed as a space of political communication. Methods and materials. The basic methods of historical analysis were used to work with the material. The sources used in the work are diplomatic documents (treaties, “memorandums”, instructions to ambassadors and their correspondence with monarchs, decisions of royal councils, discussion of the course and results of negotiations in parliament) and chronicles. In historiography, the problem is traditionally considered within the framework of works devoted to the personality of Henry V or the history of the Hundred Years War. Analysis. The article analyzes three phases and three components of English diplomatic policy from the coming of Henry V of Lancaster to power to his invasion of Normandy: 1) negotiations with both sides of the intra-French conflict in order to prevent their reconciliation. 2) the territorial claims of Henry V in France (territory in exchange for giving up the “rights” of inheritance). 3) diplomatic activity as a disguise of preparation for war (territory in exchange for peace). Results. The authors concluded that the English in the years 1413–1415 are moving from military mercenarism on the side of one of the warring groups in the intra-French conflict to declaring themselves as one of the parties to the struggle for power in France with their rights and claims. The diplomacy of the English crown pursued the intentions of 1) demonstrating the impossibility of achieving the claims of the royal house of England on the continent peacefully; 2) maintaining schism and confrontation within the highest French nobility; 3) ensuring international recognition of the English monarch’s right to intervene in the intra-French conflict.

A Special Study of the Mixed Weighted Fractional Brownian Motion

In this work, we present the analysis of a mixed weighted fractional Brownian motion, defined by ηt:=Bt+ξt, where B is a Brownian motion and ξ is an independent weighted fractional Brownian motion. We also consider the parameter estimation problem for the drift parameter θ>0 in the mixed weighted fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model of the form X0=0;Xt=θXtdt+dηt. Moreover, a simulation is given of sample paths of the mixed weighted fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process.

К вопросу о создании образа героя башкирской волшебной сказки

Introduction. The language of the folk magic tale is characterized by a wide use of artistic means, including epithets; this may be explained by the worldview, aesthetic ideas, certain concepts that developed in the course of the people’s history, as well as with folk philosophy and the specific features of the language. So far there has been no special study devoted to imaginative-expressive means of Bashkir magic tales; hence, to fill in the gap, the present article undertakes the study of epithets of the stock of artistic means characteristic of the Bashkir folk magic tale that add to the expressiveness of the language in magic tales. Thus, the study aims at identifying and analyzing epithets that characterize the main character of the magic tale from different sides; A. I. Aliyeva’s method has proved useful for this part of the research, while the examination of their structural types draws on the method elaborated by the Altai researcher M. A. Demchinova. Data and research methods. The sources for the research data were the texts of magic tales published in the Bashkir language in the two books of the scholarly collection Bashkir Folk Art; the analysis of the data was carried out with the help of textual and analytical methods. Results. The texts of the tales were examined first to identify epithets; then, the analysis focused on the epithets that characterize the main character: their appearance, marital status, social status, clothing, housing, etc. It appears that the epithets that characterize the protagonists in Bashkir magic tales have a systemic character. There is a certain sequence in the complex portrayals of personages that help to create the image of an ideal hero who may be poor but, also, kind, generous, and always ready to help those in need. The second part of the article focuses on the structural types of the items, including simple and complex epithets. Each of the type is illustrated with examples.

ON THE ISSUE OF IMPROVING THE SKILLS OF THE ACCORDIONIST-ACCOMPANIATOR ON THE EXAMPLE OF LVIV CHOREOGRAPHIC GROUPS

The purpose of the article. It consists in identifying and classifying the features, tasks, forms of cooperation of representatives of this specialty with choreographic groups of Lviv. The methodology consists in the complex application of historical, source and comparative methods. This methodological approach allows to reveal and analyzing the specifics of the interaction of the leaders of the leading Lviv choreographic groups with accordionists in comparison with a set of tools and creative concepts. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the implementation of the first special study of the features, tasks, forms of cooperation of accordionists with choreographic groups of a particular region. Conclusions. The most prominent representatives among the musicians of this specialty in the choreographic groups of Lviv have been singled out, their achievements and reaching the international level have been specified. The requirements of professional training of an accordionist to perform these functions are specified.