Effect of Copper, Zinc and Boron on Green Leaf Retention and Grain Yield of Winter and Spring Cereals

Cell surface hydropobicity plays a significant role in microbe-mineral interactions with special relevance of bioleaching. The present investigation envisages a study on the hydrophobic character of Acidiphilium symbioticum KM2, an acidophilic strain of bioleaching environment, when grown in presence of heavy metals - copper, zinc, cadmium and nickel. The metals, at its sub inhibitory concentrations (MIC50), exhibited profound negative effect on the growth of the bacterium. Inhibition on the culture growth rate was highest due to cadmium followed by zinc, nickel and copper. However, upon successive adaptation in different concentrations of each metal in ascending order, the cells could grow rapidly in the presence of higher concentrations of the metals indicating good metal resistance by the bacterium. Compared to normally grown cells, A. symbioticum KM2, when grown in presence of the metals, became more hydrophobic, which was dependent on the metal and its concentration in the media. Among the four metals studied, the effect of copper was found to be the highest, where up to 74 % increase in the bacterial cell hydrophobicity was observed.

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Leaf modification delays panicle initiation and anthesis in grain sorghum

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar00075 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 127 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. E. Ockerby ◽

D. J. Midmore ◽

D. F. Yule

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Reproductive Development ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Green Leaf ◽

Sufficient Evidence ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Green Leaf Area

Water stress at anthesis is the major cause of yield reduction or crop failure in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in central Queensland. Rainfall is difficult to predict and it is impractical to substantially alter the timing and amount of water stored in the soil, so we focussed on whether crop ontogeny could be managed, ultimately giving farmers some capability to align anthesis with in-crop rain. It is widely considered that a signal, transported from the leaf to the shoot apical meristem, is integral to the onset of panicle initiation and reproductive development. We hypothesised that modifying the leaves may interrupt the signal and cause a delay in the onset of reproductive development. Delays in sorghum anthesis associated with leaf modification treatments applied before panicle initiation were found to be a consequence of delays in panicle initiation. The longest delays in panicle initiation were obtained by twice-weekly defoliation above the second ligule (15–45 days); delays were shorter when plants were defoliated above the third ligule (10–41 days) or when only the fully exposed leaves were removed (0–13 days), depending on genotype. Although panicle initiation was delayed, leaf initiation continued, so extra leaves were produced. Defoliation of fully irrigated plants, however, generally reduced green leaf area, plant dry weight at anthesis, and grain yield, all by 30–50%. The application of ethephon also delayed anthesis, and changed the pattern but not the area of leaf produced, and did not alter grain yield. In rain-fed agriculture, where grain yields are frequently <50% of irrigated controls, delaying panicle initiation by 2 weeks may provide a better rainfall environment during which anthesis and grain-filling will occur. Reductions in green leaf area, although reducing yield potential, may promote a more balanced use of water between vegetative and grain growth. There was sufficient evidence to indicate that defoliation before panicle initiation could provide simple post-sowing management to achieve this scenario.

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Effect of Copper Acyclovir Complexes on Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) Infection in Cultured Cells

Metal-Based Drugs ◽

10.1155/mbd.1998.19 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Panteva ◽

T. Varadinova ◽

I. Turel

Keyword(s):

Cultured Cells ◽

Sensitive Strain ◽

Published Data ◽

Relative Level ◽

Mdbk Cells ◽

Copper Zinc ◽

Effect Of Copper ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

We have found that when copper, zinc or cobalt is bound to a suitable ligand, the appropriate complex exhibited a significant anti-HSV effect (Varadinova et al., 1993; 1996). Recently published data by Sagripanti et al. (1997) also show that the inhibition of HSV by copper was enhanced by reducing agents and that mechanism of the inactivation is similar as for copper-mediated DNA damage (Aruoma, et al. 1991; Dizdaroglu, et al., 1991; Toyokuni and Sagripanti, 1994). Therefore it was interesting to study the efect of Cu(ll) coordination compounds with acyclovir (ACV) on the replication of HSV in cultured cells. The experiments on cytotoxicity as well as on the activity of three different Cu-ACV complexes [Cu(ACV)2Cl2(H2O)2] = (A); [Cu(ACV)2(H2O)3](NO3)2.H2O = (B) and [Cu(ACV)2(H2O)2](NO3)2] = (C) towards virus replication, with special attention on the growth of ACV-resistant strain R-100 were performed on MDBK cells. ACV was used as a reference compound. The following results were obtained: 1) Increased cell’s viability in the presence of 20-40(g/ml ACV and decreased one in the presence of Cu-ACV complexes with relative level (A) >> (B) > (C); 2) Cu-ACV complexes are more cytotoxic than the ligand - ACV and the relative level is (C)>(B)>(A); 3) The anti-HSV effect of ACV can be modulated by copper at levels depending on the specificity of the particular virus strain: (i) for the ACV sensitive strain DA (HSV-1) - ACV ((A) > (C) > (B); (ii) for the ACV sensitive strain Bja (HSV-2) (A) > ACV > (C) > (B); (iii) for strain R-100 ( ACVR, TKa) - (A) > ACV > (C) > (B). This findings are consistent with previously published data and undoubtedly show that Cu-ACV complexes could be useful in the treatment of HSV infections, especially when the causative agent is a resistant to ACV mutant.

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Effect of Copper, Zinc, Cadmium and Chromium in the Growth of Crambe

Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.4236/as.2014.511105 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 05 (11) ◽

pp. 975-983

Author(s):

Gilvanise Alves Tito ◽

Lúcia Helena Garófalo Chaves ◽

Josely Dantas Fernandes ◽

Danilo Rodrigues Monteiro ◽

Ana Carolina Feitosa de Vasconcelos

Keyword(s):

Zinc Cadmium ◽

Copper Zinc ◽

Effect Of Copper

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The effect of incorporation time of different crops on the residual effect on spring cereals

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.5629 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 285-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H. KÄNKÄNEN ◽

A. KANGAS ◽

T. MELA

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Red Clover ◽

Field Trials ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Spring Cereals

The effect of the time of incorporation of different green manures and barley residues on the grain yield of spring cereals in two successive seasons was studied in seven field trials. Annual hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), westerwold ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. westerwoldicum) and straw of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were incorporated into the soil by ploughing in early September, late October and the following May, and by reduced tillage in May. Spring barley was established in the following spring, and spring oats (Avena sativa L.) one year later. In general the grain yield of spring barley after legumes was similar to that after barley, in spite of the fact that N fertilization was reduced by 40 kg ha-1. The two autumn ploughing treatments resulted in a good yield of spring barley more reliably than did the spring incorporations. Because delayed autumn ploughing did not decrease the grain yield, a delaying procedure can be recommended for its potential of decreasing nitrogen leaching. Spring ploughing could be used on all but clay soils. Incorporating ryegrass or red clover in spring by using reduced tillage often decreased the grain yield of barley. Timing of incorporation did not have a consistent effect on the grain yield of oats in the third experimental year.;

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Effect of different doses of Ipil-Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) (LAM.) de wit. tree green leaf biomass on rice yield and soil chemical properties

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v2i3.26161 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 385-394

Author(s):

Niloy Paul ◽

Mohammad Kamrul Hasan ◽

Md Nasir Uddin Khan

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Green Leaf ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Total N ◽

Different Doses

A field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different doses of ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala ) (Lam.) de Wit. tree green leaf biomass on rice yield and soil chemical properties. Four different treatments such as T0: Recommended fertilizer dose (Urea 195 kg/ha, TSP 50 kg/ha, MOP 142 kg/ha, Gypsum 75 kg/ha and Zinc Sulphate 4 kg/ha), T1: 5 t/ha, T2: 7.5 t/ha, and T3: 10 t/ha ipil-ipil tree green leaf was used in this study in a Randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the treatment T3 was performed better than recommended fertilizer dose in case all yield contributing characters of rice except grain yield. The highest (5.29 t/ha) rice grain yield was obtained in recommended fertilizer dose followed by 10 t/ha, 7.5 t/ha and 5 t/ha ipil-ipil tree green leaf biomass amendment having 4.80, 3.16 and 2.36 t/ha respectively. The highest grain yield that was obtained from recommended fertilizer dose was 10.21% higher compared to the highest dose (10 t/ha) of ipil-ipil tree green leaf biomass. It was mentioned that among the different doses of ipil-ipil tree green leaf biomass 10 t/ha performed the best over others. The ipil-ipil tree green leaf biomass was also significantly influenced on some essential nutrient status which is very important for rice production. The highest amount of total N, available P, exchangeable K and available S were found in the treatment T3 and the lowest in the treatment T1. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ipil-ipil tree leaf has beneficial effects and could be combined with inorganic fertilizer for sustainable crop yield and maintaining soil fertility.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(3): 385-394, December 2015

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Studies on the nutrition of pasture plants in the south-west of Western Australia. I. The effect of copper, zinc and potassium on the growth of Dwalganup strain of Trifolium subterraneum L. on sandy soils

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9510001 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

RC Rossiter

Keyword(s):

Subterranean Clover ◽

Trifolium Subterraneum ◽

Field Trials ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

Economic Significance ◽

Copper Zinc ◽

Significant Yield ◽

Effect Of Copper ◽

Western Australian ◽

Pasture Plants

The results of pot-culture experiments and field trials designed to examine the effects of copper, zinc, and potassium on the growth of Dwalganup subterranean clover on a number of Western Australian soils are presented and discussed. Highly significant yield increases from application of one or more nutrients were observed on all soils examined. The effects of applied copper were greater in the second year than in the seeding year under deficiency conditions in the field. Significant interaction effects were observed only with copper and potassium. Maximum yields in two of the field trials were low even with application of all three nutrients. Reasons for this are suggested. Data on leaf area changes indicated that, in contrast to the increasing severity of potassium deficiency with age of the plant, both copper and zinc deficiency tended to diminish after the commencement of the flowering stage. The importance of such time trends in the interpretation of interaction effects is emphasized. The economic significance of the potassium problem is stressed and a number of aspects requiring investigation are outlined.

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