scholarly journals An insight into osteoarthritis susceptibility: Integration of immunological and genetic background

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Stefik ◽  
Vladimir Vranic ◽  
Nemanja Ivkovic ◽  
Dzihan Abazovic ◽  
Dusan Maric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Joint Disease ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Diarthrodial Joints ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease that affects all synovial joints, causing the disability of the main locomotor diarthrodial joints. OA pathogenesis is caused by a complex interplay between a number of genetic and environmental risk factors, involved in the early onset and progression of this chronic inflammatory joint disease. Uncovering the underlying immunological and genetic mechanisms will enable an insight into OA pathophysiology and lead to novel and integrative approaches in the treatment of OA patients, together with a reduction of the disease risk, or a delay of its onset in susceptible patients.

scholarly journals Life-style and occupational risk factors for early onset dementia in an Italian community

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Adani ◽  
T Filippini ◽  
C Garuti ◽  
M Malavolti ◽  
G Vinceti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Early Onset Dementia

Abstract Background Early onset dementia (EOD) is defined as dementia with symptoms onset before 65 years, deeply impacting on patients' employment and income, as well as on their families. Little is known about role of occupational and life-style risk factors, we aimed at assessing their role in disease etiology. Methods Using a case-control study design, we recruited all EOD cases resident in Modena province from October, 2016 to October, 2019, and a referent population drawn from patients' care-givers. We investigated residential, life-style history, and occupational and environmental exposures to toxics through a self-administered questionnaire. We used a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age, and education to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of EOD risk for exposed vs. non-exposed subjects. Results Overall, fifty-eight EOD cases and fifty-four controls agreed to participate. Possible life-style risk factors are to be widowed (10.3% of cases vs. 2% of controls), and to have a lower educational attainment. Also smoking (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.6-2.9), playing football (OR 2.2, 95% CI 0.5-9.3) or cycling (OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.4-13.4) were associated with higher EOD risk, although overall sport practice appeared to be a powerful protective factor (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9), particularly swimming (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.0-0.8). Among occupational factors, disease risk was associated with exposure to aluminum (OR 2.6, 95% CI 0.4-15.7), pesticides (OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.7-7.8), and dyes, paints or thinners (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.6-5.0). Finally, disease risk was not associate to overall history of any trauma, while head trauma and especially upper arm trauma showed positive association. Conclusions Despite the study limitations, our results appear to support a role of modifiable risk factors in EOD etiology, particularly of some chemical exposures and professional sports, while overall sports practice may have a beneficial effect. Key messages Some modifiable environmental, occupational and life-style risk factors seem associated with EOD onset. Awareness of EOD environmental and occupational risk factors, as well as life-style ones, is advisable on a public health perspective.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Women With a History of Early-onset Preeclampsia

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
B.B. van Rijn ◽  
M.E. Nijdam ◽  
H.W. Bruinse ◽  
M. Roest ◽  
C.S. Uiterwaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Onset Preeclampsia

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Women With a History of Early-Onset Preeclampsia

2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1040-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas B. van Rijn ◽  
Marie-Elise Nijdam ◽  
Hein W. Bruinse ◽  
Mark Roest ◽  
Cuno S. Uiterwaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Onset Preeclampsia

scholarly journals The Genetic Background of Endometriosis: Can ESR2 and CYP19A1 Genes Be a Potential Risk Factor for Its Development?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8235
Author(s):  
Beata Smolarz ◽  
Krzysztof Szyłło ◽  
Hanna Romanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial foci, localized beyond their primary site, i.e., the uterine cavity. The etiology of this disease is rather complex. Its development is supported by hormonal, immunological, and environmental factors. During recent years, particular attention has been focused on the genetic mechanisms that may be of particular significance for the increased incidence rates of endometriosis. According to most recent studies, ESR2 and CYP19A1 genes may account for the potential risk factors of infertility associated with endometriosis. The paper presents a thorough review of the latest reports and data concerning the genetic background of the risk for endometriosis development.

scholarly journals Invazivne okužbe novorojenčkov z bakterijo Streptococcus agalactiae v Sloveniji, 2003–2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (9-11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Lasič ◽  
Miha Lučovnik ◽  
Maja Pavčnik ◽  
Tina Kaparič ◽  
Miha Ciringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS) is the leading cause of invasive neonatal infections in the developed world. We present epidemiological and clinical characteristics of invasive GBS disease among Slovenian neonates between 2003 and 2013.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed. Children aged 0–90 days with invasive GBS disease, born in Slovenia and hospitalized in the University Medical Centre Ljubljana were included. Cases were identified concurrently from (i) hospital and (ii) microbiological databases. Medical records from mothers and children were reviewed and relevant data extracted. The incidence rate was calculated based on the national vital statistics data and expressed per 1000 live births.Results: Altogether, 144 children were included in the analysis, 72.9 % (n = 105) based on hospital database and 27.1 % (n = 39) based on microbiological database. Among them, 47.9 % (n = 69) were girls and 52.1 % (n = 75) boys. Among the cases with available data, 54.5 % (n = 73) were born at term and 45.5 % (n = 61) were preterm. Early-onset disease (0–6 days) was present in 74.3 % (n = 107) of patients; 95.3 % (n = 102) of them became ill during the first 3 days of life. Late-onset disease (7–90 days) was present in 25.7 % (n = 37) of patients. Outcome data was available for 134 children. Neonatal mortality rate was 4.5 % (n = 6). Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) or intraventricular haemorrhages Grade III/IV (IVH 3/4) were detected in 17.9 % (n = 24). Severe outcomes (death or PVL or IVH 3/4) were detected in 22.4 % (n = 30) children. Cumulative incidence rate was 0.72/1000 live births; 0.53/1000 for early-onset and 0.18/1000 for late-onset disease. Risk factors for early-onset disease were present in 47.9 % (n = 68) mothers in labour. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis was delivered to 16.9 % (n = 24) of mothers.Conclusions: High incidence of invasive neonatal GBS disease was detected in Slovenia. Although low mortality was observed, brain pathology concordant with long-term adverse outcome was confirmed in a high proportion of patients. The application of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis in cases of known risk factors was suboptimal, especially among preterm deliveries. Approximately half of the patients were born to mothers without any risk factors. A comprehensive national strategy for the prevention of invasive GBS disease is warranted in Slovenia. 

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