scholarly journals Development of Cost Functions for Sewage Treatment Plants based on Conventional Activated Sludge Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pannirselvam ◽  
A. Navaneetha Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge Process

High rate and compact single sludge pre-denitrification process for retrofit

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyshi Emori ◽  
Hiroki Nakamura ◽  
Tatsuo Sumino ◽  
Tadashi Takeshima ◽  
Katsuzo Motegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Denitrification Process

For the sewage treatment plants near rivers and closed water bodies in urbanized areas in Japan and European countries, there is a growing demand for introduction of advanced treatment processes for nitrogen and phosphorus from the viewpoints of water quality conservation and environmental protection. In order to remove nitrogen by the conventional biological treatment techniques, it is necessary to make a substantial expansion of the facility as compared with the conventional activated sludge process. In such urbanized districts, it is difficult to secure a site and much capital is required to expand the existing treatment plant. To solve these problems, a compact single sludge pre-denitrification process using immobilized nitrifiers was developed. Dosing the pellets, which are suitable for nitrifiers growth and physically durable, into the nitrification tank of single sludge pre-denitrification process made it possible to perform simultaneous removal of BOD and nitrogen in a retention time equal to that in the conventional activated sludge process even at the low water temperature of about 10 °C. The 3,000 m3/d full-scale conventional activated sludge plant was retrofitted and has been successfully operated.

Denitrification in trickling filters

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Dorias ◽  
Peter Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Test Operation

National and international regulations require a minimum nitrogen removal efficiency of 70% in most public sewage treatment plants. Unlike in activated sludge plants, selective denitrification in trickling filters was not possible until now. Therefore the aim was to employ trickling filter plants for selective denitrification, using innovative technology that involved minimum capital expenditure. For selective denitrification, it is necessary to prevent as much as possible the transfer of oxygen into the trickling filter while feeding the nitrate to be removed, a process similar to upstream denitrification in the activated sludge process. In a test operation conducted in several sewage treatment plants for over a year, the new process with selective denitrification in a covered trickling filter has given successful results. The denitrification efficiency of this system is comparable to that of upstream denitrification in the activated sludge process. Thus, selective denitrification in the trickling filter is a practical alternative to other nitrogen removal processes, while maintaining the established advantages offered by the trickling filter process.

Removal Efficiencies of Indicator Micro-Organisms in Sewage Treatment Plants

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Omura ◽  
M. Onuma ◽  
J. Aizawa ◽  
T. Umita ◽  
T. Yagi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Chlorine Residuals

The removal of coliform bacteria, enterococcus bacteria, and coliphages in two sewage treatment plants, one using the activated sludge process and the other using a high-rate trickling filter, was investigated over a period of one year. Coliform and enterococcus bacteria were removed with equal efficiency by the two plants, but coliphages were removed more efficiently by the activated sludge process. Experiments on the mechanism of removal revealed that it was mainly due to adsorption on the activated sludge and on the slime in the trickling filter. Die-off of the micro-organisms seemed to play a minor role in the reduction in counts. The treated sewage was disinfected by chlorination prior to discharge into the receiving water. No coliforms were detected in the chlorinated effluents when they had chlorine residuals in the range of 0 to 1.521 mg/l. However, enterococci were detected when chlorine residuals dropped below 0.598 mg/l. Coliphages proved to be the most resistant organisms and they were generally detected throughout the range of chlorine residuals encountered.

Feasibility of the membrane bioreactor process for water reclamation

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Adham ◽  
P. Gagliardo ◽  
L. Boulos ◽  
J. Oppenheimer ◽  
R. Trussell
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
In Series ◽  
Volumetric Loading ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge Process

The feasibility of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process for water reclamation was studied. Process evaluation was based on the following: literature review of MBRs, worldwide survey of MBRs, and preliminary costs estimates. The literature review and the survey have shown that the MBR process offers several benefits over the conventional activated sludge process, including: smaller space and reactor requirements, better effluent water quality, disinfection, increased volumetric loading, and less sludge production. The MBR process can exist in two different configurations, one with the low-pressure membrane modules replacing the clarifier downstream the bioreactor (in series), and the second with the membranes submerged within the bioreactor. Four major companies are currently marketing MBRs while many other companies are also in the process of developing new MBRs. The MBR process operates in a considerably different range of parameters than the conventional activated sludge process. The preliminary cost evaluation has shown that the MBR process is cost competitive with other conventional wastewater treatment processes.

Removal of endocrine disrupter compounds from municipal wastewater by an innovative biological technology

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Balest ◽  
G. Mascolo ◽  
C. Di Iaconi ◽  
A. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Endocrine Disrupter ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge Process

The removal of selected endocrine disrupter compounds (EDCs), namely estrone(E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4t-OP) from municipal wastewater was investigated using a sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor (SBBGR), a new system for biological treatment based on aerobic granular biomass. This new biological treatment is characterized by high biomass concentration (up to 40 g/L), high sludge retention times (up to 6 months) and low sludge production (i.e., an order of magnitude lower than commonly reported for conventional biological technologies). The investigation was carried out comparing a demonstration SBBGR system with a conventional full-scale activated sludge process. Results showed that the SBBGR performed better than a conventional activated sludge process in removing E1, E2, BPA and 4t-OP. In fact, the average removal percentages of the above mentioned EDCs, obtained during a four month operating period, were 62.2, 68, 91.8, 77.9% and 56.4, 36.3, 71.3, 64.6% for the demonstrative SBBGR system and the conventional activated sludge process of the municipal sewage treatment plant, respectively

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