Self-esteem, Motivation, and Anxiety of Korean University Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1069
Author(s):  
Lelanie M. Basco ◽  
Sang-Ho Han
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
English Learners ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
English Classes ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation ◽  
Low Levels

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of self-esteem, motivation, and anxiety of university English learners and their differences according to gender, year, English proficiency level, and KSAT level. This study further aimed to determine the correlation between self-esteem, motivation, and anxiety of the learners. The respondents of this study were 255 randomly selected college students enrolled in English classes from a local university. A survey questionnaire consisting of 43 items was administered to the students. The Mean was used to determine the level of students’ self-esteem, motivation, and anxiety, followed by t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s r analysis. The results showed that the students at the current school had a moderate level of self-esteem, motivation, and anxiety. Significant differences were found in the students’ level of self-esteem, motivation, and anxiety when they were grouped according to gender and English proficiency level. The males had higher level of self-esteem and motivation and lower level of anxiety when compared with the females. No significant difference existed when the students were grouped according to year. There was a positive correlation between self-esteem and motivation, with high levels of self-esteem associated with high levels of motivation. On the other hand, there was a strong, negative correlation between self-esteem and anxiety with high levels of self-esteem associated with low levels of anxiety. Furthermore, there was a moderate, negative correlation between motivation and anxiety, with high levels of motivation associated with low levels of anxiety.

scholarly journals Haptoglobin and Free Haemoglobin during Cardiac Surgery—is there a Link to Acute Kidney Injury?

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Wetz ◽  
E. M. Richardt ◽  
H. Schotola ◽  
M. Bauer ◽  
A. Bräuer
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation ◽  
Free Haemoglobin ◽  
Low Levels

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently observed after cardiac surgery (CS) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Multiple mechanisms underlie this phenomenon, including CPB-dependent haemolysis. Haemoglobin is released during haemolysis, and free haemoglobin (frHb) causes tubular cell injury after exceeding the binding capacity of haptoglobin (Hp). The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of perioperative changes in frHb and Hp levels on the incidence of CS-associated (CSA) AKI. After receiving local ethics committee approval and obtaining informed consent from our patients, we analysed the data pertaining to 154 patients undergoing CPB surgery. We recorded frHb and Hp concentrations pre-, intra- and postoperatively and defined AKI using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification. We observed that frHb levels increased significantly during surgery and then decreased at ten hours thereafter and that Hp levels decreased during surgery and remained at low levels until the first postoperative day. We noted a moderate negative correlation between frHb and Hp levels. AKI was identified in 45.5% of patients; however, there was no significant difference in frHb or Hp levels between patients with and without AKI. We did not observe a relationship between frHb or Hp levels and CSA AKI and thus could not confirm the hypothesis that patients with higher baseline Hp concentrations experience a lower incidence of AKI than patients with lower baseline Hp concentrations.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SENSE OF COHERENCE ON DEPRESSION AND PERCEIVED STRESS IN OLD AGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Srinidhi C.V ◽  
Inthumathi S.R ◽  
A.G. Shanthi ◽  
Smitha Ruckmani
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Erik Erikson ◽  
Life Goal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation ◽  
Old Age Homes

Background:Old age is commonly viewed as a period of decreased physical activity,agitation and,increased calmness; depression or stress is not commonly acknowledged in the population. According to Erik Erikson, older adults experience Ego Integrity vs Despair, where people review their life cycle and accept it as something that had to be, resulting in wholeness or a sense of coherence. A lack of it would result in despair, where one's life is seen as being unproductive and guilt about the past, having not accomplished life goal leads to dissatisfaction and depression. Therefore,people with a poor sense of coherence could have higher levels of perceived stress and depression in them when compared to those who have a strong sense of coherence. Purpose: The study thus focuses on exploring the relationship between depression, perceived stress, and sense of coherence among the elderly population. Methods: Data was collected through the Sense of Coherence Scale,Perceived stress scale,and geriatric depression scale-15 from a sample of 40 from old age (people over 60 years). Out of which 20 were living in old age homes and 20 with their families.Statistical analyses were conducted using Pearson's Coefficient of Correlation and T-test.Results: There was a mild to moderate negative correlation between perceived stress and sense of coherence and a mild to moderate negative correlation between depression and sense of coherence. There was a significant difference in the levels of perceived stress and depression between people living in their homes and old age homes.

scholarly journals The Comprehension of English Relative Clauses by Arabic-Speaking EFL Learners

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Sofia Sabahat Khan ◽  
Lubaba Abdul-Salam Al-Namer
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clauses ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Relative Pronoun ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
English Relative Clauses

This study investigates the extent to which 50 Arabic-speaking EFL learners comprehend English relative clauses (RCs). It also aims to test which relative pronoun among the seven pronouns we are investigating is the easiest to comprehend and which is the most problematic. Furthermore, it aims to measure whether the English proficiency level of the participants affects their performance on the test. Therefore, a multiple-choice test was administered in order to examine their comprehension of this complex syntactic structure.  The participants were asked to choose the correct answer out of four choices. The results demonstrate that Arabic-speaking EFL learners may not be fully aware of English relative clauses (total percentage= 48.5%). The t-test shows that the English proficiency level affected the participants’ performance on the test. Consequently, there is a significant difference between the answers of the advanced learners (ALs) (61.3%) and those of the intermediate learners (ILs) (35.6%). Moreover, the results reveal that the easiest relative pronoun to comprehend is the pronoun when, and the most difficult one is the pronoun whom. This study accounts for these difficulties and concludes with pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research. 

scholarly journals On the Acquisition of Derivational Suffixes by Kuwaiti EFL Learners

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Maye A. Alotaibi ◽  
Abdullah M. Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
English Proficiency ◽  
First Language ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
L1 Influence

This study aims to test the extent to which 90 Kuwaiti EFL learners are aware of the correct use of derivational suffixes in English. It also identifies the mains reasons of the errors that Kuwaiti EFL learners may make. In addition, it investigates whether the English proficiency level of the participants plays a role in their answers on the test. To this end, the participants were tested twice in this study; a multiple-choice test was used to check their comprehension skills, whereas a fill-in the blank test was used to measure their ability to produce the correct derivational suffixes in English. Following data analysis, the results reveal that Kuwaiti EFL learners are fairly aware of the correct use of English derivational suffixes to a certain degree; the total mean on both tests (comprehension = 70% and production = 56%) is 63%. The participants obtained higher percentage of correct answers on the comprehension test (mean= 70%) compared to the production test (mean = 56%). Additionally, the t-test shows that the participants’ English proficiency level plays a central role in their comprehension and production of these suffixes. The performance of the Advanced Learners (ALs) (comprehension = 77% and production = 62%) is better than that of the Intermediate Learners (ILs) (comprehension = 64% and production = 48%) on the tests. In particular, there is a statistically significant difference between the answers of ALs and ILs on both tests. Regarding the types of error made by the participants, I argued that the most noticeable ones are due to: (1) the modification that non-neutral derivational suffixes cause when they are attached to the word (stems/roots); and (2) first language (L1) influence. Finally, the study concludes with some recommendations for further research.

scholarly journals Apology Strategies Used by EFL Undergraduate Students in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Payung Cedar
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Target Language ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pragmatic Transfer ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Significant Difference

Interlanguage speakers, regardless of proficiency level, often experience problems in communication due to their limited knowledge of how speech acts are commonly performed in the target language. The current study attempted to investigate the effects of English proficiency level on the apology strategy use by Indonesian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners from two English proficiency levels. The study employed a DCT (Discourse Completion Task) questionnaire and involved 21 A2 students and 21 B1 students majoring in English in their first-year period from an Indonesian university. Utilizing the apology strategy framework from Olshtain & Cohen (1983) and Blum-Kulka, House & Kasper (1989), the findings demonstrated no significant difference between the two subject groups in the overall use of apology strategies, whereas differences were noted at an individual strategy level. Nonetheless, the B1 group made more frequent use and a wider range of apology strategies than the A2 group. In addition, the study found two forms of pragmatic transfer made by the subjects and a new apology strategy. 

scholarly journals The Use of Inflectional Morphemes by Kuwaiti EFL Learners

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Transfer ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
First Language ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inflectional Morphemes

<p>This research paper aims to test the extent to which 100 Kuwaiti EFL learners are aware of the correct use of inflectional morphemes in English. It also explores the main causes of the errors that Kuwaiti EFL learners may make. Additionally, it checks whether the English proficiency level of the participants plays a role in their answers on the test. To this end, a multiple-choice test was used to measure the participants’ ability to use the correct inflectional morphemesin English. Following data analysis, the results reveal that Kuwaiti EFL learners are aware of the correct use of the inflectional morphemes in English to a certain degree (total mean=65.5%). Additionally, the t-test shows that the participants’ English proficiency level plays a central role in their comprehension of these morphemes. In particular, there is a statistically significant difference between the answers of the advanced learners (ALs) (73.5%) and intermediate learners (ILs) (57.5%). The number of correct answers provided by ALs is higher than that provided by ILs. Regarding the types of errors made by the participants, it has been argued that the most noticeable ones are due to first language (L1) negative transfer and the irregularity of some types of inflectional morphemes in English. Finally, the study concludes with some pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research.</p>

scholarly journals Does stature or wingspan length have a positive effect on competitor rankings or attainment of world title bouts in international and elite mixed martial arts?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: Whilst most anthropometrical research within sport has focussed on muscle and fat distribution, more studies are measuring the relationship between stature and wingspan, which has been found to be selective criteria in many sports. Methods: In this study the stature, wingspan and stature-to-wingspan ratio (S:W) was recorded for N = 474 elite and international mixed martial arts (MMA) competitors who appeared in televised bouts over the course of one calendar year. Each weight division was split into three or four ranking groups (RG) depending on division size, as well as into groups depending on if the competitors had won a world title (Ch), competed for a world title (El) or had done neither (In). Results: One-way ANOVA (≤0.05) found that shorter competitors are ranked higher in flyweight and in the middle in women’s straw weight. Independent t-tests (≤0.05) found that shorter competitors also have more chance of winning or competing for a world title in featherweight and flyweight. Independent t-tests (≤0.05) also found a significant difference between males and female for S:W. There was a weak, negative correlation and a moderate, negative correlation between stature and rank in lightweight and light heavyweight respectively and a moderate, negative correlation between S:W and rank in featherweight. There were no other significant differences found. Discussion: Overall, whilst MMA competitors have a S:W of 1:1.024, due to the paucity of significant differences found, it was determined that anthropometrical measurements cannot be used to predict success in elite and international mixed martial arts.

scholarly journals Correlation between Adiponectin and Triglyceride Levels in Pregnancy with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Gde Sudana ◽  
Windarwati Windarwati ◽  
Budi Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation ◽  
In Pregnancy

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Adiponectin causes a decrease in glucose transporter 4 translocation, which reduces glucose uptake due to downstream insulin signal delivery and decreases non-esterified fatty acids so that triglyceride synthesis decreases in pregnancy. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between adiponectin and triglyceride levels in pregnancy, especially in a pregnant female with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted by measuring the levels of adiponectin and triglycerides in pregnancy, with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. Researchers proved by analyzing 75 subjects, 24-28 weeks pregnant females who were examined at the primary health center and Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Adiponectin levels have a moderate negative correlation with triglycerides in pregnant females (r= -0.420 and p=0.002), a strong negative correlation with GDM (r = -0.680 and p=0.001), and moderate negative correlation (r= -0.455, and p=0.022) with those without GDM. Based on this research can be concluded that adiponectin has a moderate negative correlation with triglycerides in pregnancy, a strong negative correlation in pregnant females with gestational diabetes mellitus, and a moderate negative correlation in those without gestational diabetes.

scholarly journals Variation in Reporting of Penicillin Allergy and its Consequences: an Evaluation of 13 Hospitals

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S341-S342
Author(s):  
Florian Daragjati ◽  
David Silver ◽  
Roy Guharoy ◽  
Clariecia Groves ◽  
Danielle Sebastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Penicillin Allergy ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Antibiotic Allergy ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Abstract Background Penicillin allergy is the most common antibiotic allergy noted within medical records, and its inaccurate reporting leads to increased use of alternative antibiotics that may be less effective, broader in spectrum, more toxic, and costly. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the reported allergies to penicillin in patients cared for at 13 hospitals within one health system over a 3 month period (June-August 2016). The data were abstracted from the electronic medical records on penicillin allergy status for both inpatient and outpatient visits. Hospitals were compared on their use of systemic antibiotics for inpatients. The proportions of total defined daily doses (DDD) for quinolones, aztreonam, carbapenems, cephalosporins, and penicillins were compared. Spearman’s rank and Pearson’s correlation were used to evaluate the strength of the relation between increased penicillin allergy reported and the use of the different antibiotic classes. Results 23,290 of 169,912 (13.7%; range 8%–20%) patients from 13 hospitals were reported penicillin allergic. There was a strong correlation between the proportion of patients with penicillin allergy and quinolone use (rho=0.77; P = 0.002; Figure 1), cephalosporins excluding fourth-generation (r=0.70; P = 0.007; Figure 2), and a weaker correlation with carbapenem use (rho=0.52; P = 0.168) and aztreonam (r=0.53; P = 0.06). On the other hand, penicillins had a moderate negative correlation (r=-0.58; P = 0.036; Figure 3), and extended spectrum penicillins had a strong negative correlation (r=-0.72; P &lt; 0.005). Fourth-generation cephalosporin use did not correlate with the penicillin allergy rate (rho=-0.03; P = 0.92). Conclusion Reported penicillin allergy varies between hospitals and higher reported allergy is associated with more quinolone and cephalosporin use, and less use of penicillin-based regimens. Adequate documentation of penicillin allergy may promote the choice of more optimal regimens when treating patients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

The Effects of Different Caption Modes on Chinese English Learners' Content and Vocabulary Comprehension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Hongling Lai ◽  
Dianjian Wang ◽  
Xiancai Ou
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Learners ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vocabulary Comprehension ◽  
Chinese English Learners ◽  
Different Levels

This empirical study investigates the effects of different caption modes on the content and vocabulary comprehension by Chinese English learners with different levels of English proficiency. The results show that the full captioned group performed better on content comprehension than the keyword group, while no significant difference was found on vocabulary comprehension between the two captioned groups. For the beginning-level learners, the full captioned groups did better both in content and vocabulary comprehension than the keyword caption group; meanwhile, for the advanced learners, both full captions and keyword captions similarly facilitated content and vocabulary comprehension. Therefore, the present findings suggest that keyword captioning is insufficient for foreign language learners' content comprehension, yet might be appropriate for their vocabulary learning. Furthermore, choosing the content caption mode for teaching EFL depends on students' English proficiency and their learning purpose.

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