A Dynamic Construal Approach to Lexical Transcategorial Shifts in Mandarin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Ting Yang
Keyword(s):  
Word Class ◽  
Chinese Word ◽  
European Languages ◽  
On Line ◽  
Word Classes

A dynamic construal approach is adopted to address the word class transcategorial shifts in Mandarin. It is pointed out that the dispute on the classification of Chinese word classes and the consequent controversial proposals of nominalization, verbalization, etc. is in essence a matter of categorization. Instead of the static views, it holds that the categorization of word classes is dynamic and a cluster of factors affects the on-line categorizing process. From the dynamic construal view, Indo-European languages and Mandarin share analogous transcategorial shift processes.

scholarly journals Word classes in sign languages

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Schwager ◽  
Ulrike Zeshan
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
German Sign Language ◽  
Language Literature

The topic of word classes remains curiously under-represented in the sign language literature due to many theoretical and methodological problems in sign linguistics. This article focuses on language-specific classifications of signs into word classes in two different sign languages: German Sign Language and Kata Kolok, the sign language of a village community in Bali. The article discusses semantic and structural criteria for identifying word classes in the target sign languages. On the basis of a data set of signs, these criteria are systematically tested out as a first step towards an inductive classification of signs. Approaches and analyses relating to the problem of word classes in linguistic typology are used for shedding new light on the issue of word class distinctions in sign languages.

Phonetic iconicity in the evaluative morphology of a sample of Indo-European, Niger-Congo and Austronesian languages

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Gregová ◽  
Lívia Körtvélyessy ◽  
Július Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Austronesian Languages ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Phonetic Symbolism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Core Vocabulary

Universals Archive (Universal #1926) indicates a universal tendency for sound symbolism in reference to the expression of diminutives and augmentatives. The research ( Štekauer et al. 2009 ) carried out on European languages has not proved the tendency at all. Therefore, our research was extended to cover three language families – Indo-European, Niger-Congo and Austronesian. A three-step analysis examining different aspects of phonetic symbolism was carried out on a core vocabulary of 35 lexical items. A research sample was selected out of 60 languages. The evaluative markers were analyzed according to both phonetic classification of vowels and consonants and Ultan's and Niewenhuis' conclusions on the dominance of palatal and post-alveolar consonants in diminutive markers. Finally, the data obtained in our sample languages was evaluated by means of a three-dimensional model illustrating the place of articulation of the individual segments.

Historical change of word classes

Diachronica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Gerner
Keyword(s):  
Target Word ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Temporal Parameter ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Asian Languages ◽  
Typical Process

This paper isolates four parameters that guide the historical change of word classes: the quantificational parameter, the directional parameter, the preservative parameter and the temporal parameter. These parameters are involved in the organization of seven case studies in East Asian languages. Based on these case studies I define four diachronic tendencies that apply to East Asian languages and perhaps beyond: (1) the greater the size of the target word class, the lower the number of new acquired meanings; (2) if a word class engages on a path of change, then the greater its size, the more likely it is that the process of change in which it engages will be lexicalization; (3) in a typical process of grammaticalization relatively more meanings are generated than in a typical process of lexicalization; (4) processes of grammaticalization represent temporally short processes more often than processes of lexicalization.

A Hybrid Methodology For On-Line Process Monitoring

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Avinash M. Jade ◽  
Valadi K. Jayaraman ◽  
Bhaskar D. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Locally Linear Embedding ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Hybrid Strategy ◽  
Vector Machines ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Process

A hybrid strategy of using (i) locally linear embedding for nonlinear dimensionality reduction of high dimensional data and (ii) support vector machines for classification of the resultant features is proposed as a robust methodology for process monitoring. Illustrative examples substantiate the methodology vis-à-vis current practice.

Detection of Roller Bearing Conditions Using Mechatronics Approach

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Liu ◽  
F. Ordukhani
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Feature Selection Technique ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Selection Technique ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Classification ◽  
Nonlinear Pattern

Abstract An on-line monitoring and diagnostic system is needed to detect faulty bearings. In this work, by applying the feature selection technique to the data obtained from vibration signals, six indices were selected. Artificial neural networks were used for nonlinear pattern recognition. An attempt was made to distinguish between normal and defective bearings. Counterpropagation neural networks with various network sizes were trained for these tasks. The counterpropagation neural networks were able to recognize a normal from a defective bearing with the success rate between 88.3% to 100%. The best results were obtained when all the six indices were used for the on-line classification of roller bearings.

Robust text watermarking based on line shifting

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Alexander Kozachok ◽  
Sergey Kopylov
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
Data Embedding ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Robust Watermark ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Line Spacing ◽  
On Line

 Abstract— This article presents an approach to protection of printed text data by watermark embedding in the printing process. Data protection is based on robust watermark embedding that is invariant to text data format converting into image. The choice of a robust watermark within the confines of the presented classification of digital watermark is justified. The requirements to developed robust watermark have been formed. According to the formed requirements and existing restrictions, an approach to robust watermark embedding into text data based on a steganographic algorithm of line spacing shifting has been developed. The block diagram and the description of the developed algorithm of data embedding into text data are given. An experimental estimation of the embedding capacity and perceptual invisibility of the developed data embedding approach was carried out. An approach to extract embedded information from images containing a robust watermark has been developed. The limits of the retrieval, extraction accuracy and robustness evaluation of embedded data to various transformations have been experimentally established.Tóm tắt— Bài báo trình bày cách tiếp cận để bảo vệ dữ liệu văn bản in bằng cách nhúng vào văn bản một đoạn thủy vân trong quá trình in. Bảo vệ dữ liệu dựa trên việc sử dụng thủy vân bền vững có khả năng chống lại sự chuyển đổi định dạng dữ liệu văn bản sang dữ liệu hình ảnh. Sau quá trình phân tích các hệ thống thủy vân số hiện có, nhận thấy việc lựa chọn một mô hình thủy vân bền vững là hợp lý. Do yêu cầu thực tế và các hạn chế của phương pháp nhúng thủy vân vào dữ liệu văn bản hiện có, bài báo đưa ra phương pháp nhúng mới được phát triển dựa trên một thuật toán ẩn mã sử dụng cách thay đổi khoảng cách giữa các dòng trong văn bản. Bài báo đưa ra một sơ đồ khối và mô tả thuật toán nhúng thông tin vào dữ liệu văn bản. Các thực nghiệm về khả năng nhúng và khả năng che giấu thông tin với tri giác thông thường của dữ liệu nhúng cũng được trình bày. Bài báo cũng nêu cách tiếp cận để trích xuất thông tin được nhúng từ các hình ảnh có chứa thủy vân bền vững. Bên cạnh đó, chúng tôi cũng đưa ra các giới hạn về khả năng ứng dụng của phương pháp dựa trên các thực nghiệm, các đánh giá về độ chính xác của việc trích xuất được dữ liệu và độ mạnh của phương pháp nhúng mới này đối với các phép biến đổi ảnh khác nhau. 

Automatic Classification of 2D Partial Discharge from Generator On-Line Measurement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Hudon ◽  
Melanie Levesque ◽  
Olivier Kokoko ◽  
Normand Amyot ◽  
Ryad Zemouri
Keyword(s):  
Partial Discharge ◽  
Automatic Classification ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
On Line

Relative that and prepositional complementation

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimo Seppänen
Keyword(s):  
General Principle ◽  
Word Class ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Actual Fact ◽  
Class Status ◽  
Order Of Elements ◽  
Proper Analysis ◽  
Internal Order

Ever since the days of Jespersen, voices have been raised which argue that relative that is not a pronoun like who and which, but a conjunction/complementizer, as shown in particular by the ban on the sequence preposition + that, which is claimed to be best described by treating that as a conjunction. Taking up the question of the proper analysis of that as it appears in the word's relationship to prepositions, the present paper argues that in actual fact the descriptions built by Jespersen and various generative grammarians on the view of that as a conjunction/complementizer are not at all adequate to deal with some crucial facts of the word's syntax. Noting then some further facts which even the traditional ban is unable to deal with, the paper develops a new approach to the question which is derived from an examination of Finnish relatives and which handles all the English facts noted in terms of a general principle about the internal order of elements within the fronted relative phrase. The principle invoked is completely neutral as regards the word-class status of that, but some of the facts explored strongly argue for the classification of the word as a pronoun.

scholarly journals Achievements of the academic grammar school

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-29
Author(s):  
Kateryna Horodensʹka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Functional Syntax ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Ukrainian Society ◽  
Formation System

This study aims at investigating the development of grammatical theory at the Institute of the Ukrainian Language for the last 30 years. The paper summarizes achievements in grammar theory from applying the functional, i.e., semantic and grammatical, approach developed by I.R. Vykhovanetsʹ to differentiating units into word and nonword classes and distinguishing morphological categories of major word classes. This facilitated the establishment of the theoretical basis of functional and categorical morphology. The author analyses studies in formal grammatical, semantic, functional, categorical, deri vational, and anthropocentric syntax that attest to the multidimensional growth of a syntactic theory and main aspects of the Ukrainian word formation on the basis of semantic and categorical syntax and a formant- and stem-based derivatology. Some of the latest multi-pronged processes in word formation reflect dynamics of word formation rules, the replenishment of word formation resources, and the development of the word-formation system of Standard Ukrainian. The solving of a complex set of theoretical issues in the modern Ukrainian word-formation introduced the methodological foundations for the recent normative description of the word formation system of Standard Ukrainian. The article addresses issues in studies on applied grammar determined by the process of glo balization and democratization of the Ukrainian society and the needs of Modern Ukrainian language practice to be met. Particular importance is attached to the grammatical prescriptive norms in the professional use, the actualization of case forms appearing in the passive vocabulary, and the dynamics of morphological and syntactic norms in various functional and stylistic dimensions of Standard Ukrainian. Keywords: functional grammar, functional morphology, functional syntax, categorical grammar, categorical syntax, categorical word formation, classification of parts of speech, morphological categories.

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