Evaluation of reactivity and stunning efficiency in cattle before and after slaughterhouse staff training

ABSTRACT Risk for complications and even death is inherent to anesthesia. However, the use of guidelines, checklists, and training can decrease the risk of anesthesia-related adverse events. These tools should be used not only during the time the patient is unconscious but also before and after this phase. The framework for safe anesthesia delivered as a continuum of care from home to hospital and back to home is presented in these guidelines. The critical importance of client communication and staff training have been highlighted. The role of perioperative analgesia, anxiolytics, and proper handling of fractious/fearful/aggressive patients as components of anesthetic safety are stressed. Anesthesia equipment selection and care is detailed. The objective of these guidelines is to make the anesthesia period as safe as possible for dogs and cats while providing a practical framework for delivering anesthesia care. To meet this goal, tables, algorithms, figures, and “tip” boxes with critical information are included in the manuscript and an in-depth online resource center is available at aaha.org/anesthesia.

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The Content of the Oral Daily Reports at a Long-Term Ward before and after Staff Training in Integrity Promoting Care

Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences ◽

10.1111/j.1471-6712.1992.tb00132.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Mona Kihlgren ◽

Inge-Gerd Lindsten ◽

Astrid Norberg ◽

Ingvar Karlssor

Keyword(s):

Staff Training ◽

Before And After

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Healthy Default Beverages in Kids’ Meals: Evaluating Policy Adherence and Impact in California

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa051_027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 730-730

Author(s):

Marisa Tsai ◽

Phoebe Harpainter ◽

Anna Martin ◽

Gail Woodward-Lopez ◽

Danielle Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Policy Implementation ◽

Low Income ◽

Staff Training ◽

Policy Design ◽

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Before And After ◽

Quick Service ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives Healthy default beverage policies for restaurant kids’ meals have been identified as a top strategy to improve beverage intake in young children and reduce obesity and diabetes risk. California passed a statewide policy (SB1192), effective January 2019, specifying kids’ meal default beverages as water, unflavored milk, or a nondairy alternative. Although other localities have adopted similar policies, there have been no studies on their effectiveness. The aim of this study was to assess changes in beverages offered with kids’ meals before and after a healthy default beverage policy took effect and to quantify policy adherence in menus and cashier orders in quick service restaurants (QSR). Methods The study employed a pre-post policy design. Baseline data on beverages offered as part of kids’ meals were collected from 111 QSR in low-income areas in California in late 2018, prior to policy implementation. Follow-up data were collected from the same restaurants one year later. Data were collected by menu observation and purchase of kids’ meals. Both walk-in and drive-through settings were assessed where available. Full policy adherence was defined as offering only SB1192-compliant beverages, and was assessed 3 ways: menu board, cashier order, and a combined metric. Results At baseline, prior to any legislative requirement, 6 (6.3%) restaurant menu boards, 5 (4.5%) cashier orders, and 0 restaurants overall were already fully adherent. At follow-up, 64 (66.0%) restaurant menu boards, 1 (0.9%) cashier order, and 0 restaurants overall were fully adherent. Generalized estimating equations, clustered by restaurant chain, were used to test pre-post policy changes. Adherence in menu boards increased (59.7%, p = < .0001). There were no changes in adherence in cashier orders or overall adherence. Conclusions California's healthy default beverage policy for restaurant kids’ meals was effective in changing QSR menu board offerings but did not impact cashier order processes. Additional staff training may improve policy implementation. Studies are underway to assess the impact of staff training and customer behavior change. Funding Sources University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Healthy Eating Research, CA Department of Public Health/USDA.

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89 Improving Pain Assessment and Management for Patients with Cognitive Impairment on the Care of the Older Person (COOP) Wards

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afab030.50 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. i12-i42

Author(s):

K Ryan ◽

J Whitehead ◽

N Lindenberg ◽

K Shah

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Staff Training ◽

Alternative Assessment ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Older Person ◽

Before And After ◽

User Friendly ◽

Practice Development

Abstract Introduction Patients with cognitive impairment are at risk of underassessment and inadequate management of pain. Self-reporting is unlikely to be a reliable indicator of pain and numerical scales have reduced validity, hence an alternative assessment tool must be used. The Abbey Pain Scale is widely regarded to be user friendly. Regular analgesia should be used for these patients where possible instead of “as required” (PRN). Using QIP methodology, we aimed to improve the use of the Abbey Pain Scale for assessment of patients with cognitive impairment and better analgesia prescribing. Methods Audit of patient records on COOP wards (computer and physical notes, n = 48 first cycle, n = 32 second cycle) before and after staff training, assessing patients with cognitive impairment for: use of Abbey Pain Scale; use of regular paracetamol; pain assessments documented by different healthcare professionals. Results In the first cycle, 16 patients had cognitive impairment: only 1 of these patients (6%) was assessed using the Abbey Pain Scale. Group teaching for the multidisciplinary team on pain assessments was undertaken with practice development nurses. In the re-audit, 13 patients had cognitive impairment and 6 of these (46%) were assessed using the Abbey Pain Scale, showing a clear improvement following staff training. The second cycle showed a 50% increase in the prescription of regular paracetamol for patients with cognitive impairment. There was also a 2.5-fold improvement in therapy staff documenting pain assessments between the two audits. Conclusions Staff training in the use of the Abbey Pain Scale led to an almost 8-fold increase in its use for patients with cognitive impairment. Training on the use of the Abbey Pain Scale should be regularly provided to nurses, physiotherapists and doctors on the care of the older person wards.

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Optimizing the Balance Between Radiation Dose and Image Quality in Pediatric Head CT: Findings Before and After Intensive Radiologic Staff Training

American Journal of Roentgenology ◽

10.2214/ajr.13.11741 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 202 (6) ◽

pp. 1309-1315 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Fabio Paolicchi ◽

Lorenzo Faggioni ◽

Luca Bastiani ◽

Sabrina Molinaro ◽

Michele Puglioli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Image Quality ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

Staff Training ◽

Head Ct ◽

Ct Findings ◽

Before And After

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Disclosure of Basic Strengths and Basic Weaknesses in Demented Patients during Morning Care, before and after Staff Training: Analysis of Video-Recordings by Means of the Erikson Theory of “Eight Stages of Man”

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.2190/y3yl-r51v-mcpc-mw37 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 219-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

M. Kihlgren ◽

A. Hallgren ◽

A. Norberg ◽

I. Karlsson

Keyword(s):

Staff Training ◽

Clinical Syndrome ◽

Supportive Environment ◽

Video Recordings ◽

Dementia Patients ◽

Personality Changes ◽

Before And After ◽

Caring Activity ◽

Aging Persons ◽

Positive Climate

In the field of care for aging persons, it is commonly understood that personality changes occur in dementia patients. It is reported to be a consistent part of the clinical syndrome and to occur early in the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if strengths and weaknesses, described by E. H. and J. M. Erikson as basic qualities in the person, could be interpreted in severely demented patients during a caring activity, and if a difference in these qualities could be seen after staff completed a training program in “integrity promoting care.” The morning care of five patients was video-recorded and a phenomenological-hermeneutic analysis of the patient's and staff's interaction was conducted. The findings indicate that the complex qualities of someone's personality are more preserved than could be expected considering the cognitive handicap. It seems, however, that demented patients need a special, supportive environment for their full mental potential to be realized. It is reasonable to assume that, if the staff are given knowledge of how to create a positive climate for the demented patients and the opportunity to implement it, the patients will show a rich pattern of mental reactions in spite of their dementia.

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Deformation Replication

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100068394 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 280-281

Author(s):

J. Temple Black

Keyword(s):

Cutting Speed ◽

Machining Process ◽

Depth Of Cut ◽

Rake Face ◽

Orthogonal Machining ◽

Aluminum Chips ◽

Before And After ◽

Materials Used ◽

Glass Knife ◽

Very High

Tool materials used in ultramicrotomy are glass, developed by Latta and Hartmann (1) and diamond, introduced by Fernandez-Moran (2). While diamonds produce more good sections per knife edge than glass, they are expensive; require careful mounting and handling; and are time consuming to clean before and after usage, purchase from vendors (3-6 months waiting time), and regrind. Glass offers an easily accessible, inexpensive material ($0.04 per knife) with very high compressive strength (3) that can be employed in microtomy of metals (4) as well as biological materials. When the orthogonal machining process is being studied, glass offers additional advantages. Sections of metal or plastic can be dried down on the rake face, coated with Au-Pd, and examined directly in the SEM with no additional handling (5). Figure 1 shows aluminum chips microtomed with a 75° glass knife at a cutting speed of 1 mm/sec with a depth of cut of 1000 Å lying on the rake face of the knife.

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The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065237 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 236-237

Author(s):

R. F. Bils ◽

W. F. Diller ◽

F. Huth

Keyword(s):

Latent Period ◽

Chemical Industry ◽

Toxic Substance ◽

Lung Edema ◽

X Rays ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Male And Female ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Before And After ◽

Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

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Ultrastructure of Melanin Formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera Sorokiniana

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079449 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 398-399

Author(s):

M. H. Wheeler ◽

W. J. Tolmsoff ◽

A. A. Bell

Keyword(s):

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽

Wild Type ◽

Potassium Phosphate Buffer ◽

Transmission Microscopy ◽

Electron Transmission ◽

Melanin Formation ◽

Before And After ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Electron Transmission Microscopy

(+)-Scytalone [3,4-dihydro-3,6,8-trihydroxy-l-(2Hj-naphthalenone] and 1,8-di- hydroxynaphthalene (DHN) have been proposed as intermediates of melanin synthesis in the fungi Verticillium dahliae (1, 2, 3, 4) and Thielaviopsis basicola (4, 5). Scytalone is enzymatically dehydrated by V. dahliae to 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene which is then reduced to (-)-vermelone [(-)-3,4- dihydro-3,8-dihydroxy-1(2H)-naphthalenone]. Vermelone is subsequently dehydrated to DHN which is enzymatically polymerized to melanin.Melanin formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera soro- kiniana was examined by light and electron-transmission microscopy. Wild-type isolates of each fungus were compared with albino mutants before and after treatment with 1 mM scytalone or 0.1 mM DHN in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. Both chemicals were converted to dark pigments in the walls of hyphae and conidia of the albino mutants. The darkened cells were similar in appearance to corresponding cells of the wild types under the light microscope.

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Evaluation of Freezing Methods by Low Temperature X-Ray Diffraction

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079176 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 330-333

Author(s):

T. Gulik-Krzywicki ◽

M.J. Costello

Keyword(s):

Biological Materials ◽

Molecular Organization ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Glass Capillary ◽

X Ray ◽

Rate Dependent ◽

Before And After ◽

Freeze Etching ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Set Up

Freeze-etching electron microscopy is currently one of the best methods for studying molecular organization of biological materials. Its application, however, is still limited by our imprecise knowledge about the perturbations of the original organization which may occur during quenching and fracturing of the samples and during the replication of fractured surfaces. Although it is well known that the preservation of the molecular organization of biological materials is critically dependent on the rate of freezing of the samples, little information is presently available concerning the nature and the extent of freezing-rate dependent perturbations of the original organizations. In order to obtain this information, we have developed a method based on the comparison of x-ray diffraction patterns of samples before and after freezing, prior to fracturing and replication.Our experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 1. The sample to be quenched is placed on its holder which is then mounted on a small metal holder (O) fixed on a glass capillary (p), whose position is controlled by a micromanipulator.

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