scholarly journals Effect of Larval Food Amount on in vitro Rearing of Indo-Malayan Stingless Bee Queen, Heterotrigona itama (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Meliponini)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2859-2867
Author(s):  
Nurul Izdihar Razali ◽  
Shamsul Bahri Abd Razak ◽  
Fatimah Hashim ◽  
Nurul Wahida Othman ◽  
Wahizatul Afzan Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
In Vitro Rearing ◽  
Short Period

The demand for stingless bee colonies in Malaysia has considerably increased due to the rapid advance of meliponiculture in using the stingless bees as agricultural pollinators, as well as the commercialization of stingless bee products (i.e. honey, bee bread and propolis). Thus, in vitro queen rearing for a large scale and rapid colony multiplication must be developed in order to fulfil the public requirements in a short period. Little is known about the in vitro rearing of native stingless bee queen, Heterotrigona itama. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the amount of larval food required by H. itama queen by comparing three different amounts of larval food, viz., 100 µL, 120 µL and 150 µL. All treatments were controlled under 100% relative humidity for the first 6 days, and 75% relative humidity for the rest of larval development until queen adult emergence, under 30 °C incubator temperature. The results showed that larvae of H. itama treated with the highest amount of larval food (150 µL) led to 78% of the queen’s emergence, whereas larvae treated with 120 µL and 100 µL of larval food resulted in 40% and 0% of queen emergence. The dynamic survival curve showed that most of the larvae died before the pupation phase and reached constant stability afterward. The queen’s body and abdominal length were significantly greater than wild workers. Microscopy analysis showed that in vitro queen had well-developed reproductive system with a huge ovary and spermatheca, whereas wild worker had much smaller ovary without spermatheca. Outcomes from this study could help increase the number of colonies on a large scale, allowing for their use both ecologically and economically, and contribute to conservation efforts in native species of stingless bees.

scholarly journals Techniques for the In Vitro Production of Queens in Stingless Bees (Apidae, Meliponini)

Sociobiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Baptistella ◽  
Camila C. M. Souza ◽  
Weyder Cristiano Santana ◽  
Ademilson Espencer Egea Soares
Keyword(s):  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Caste Differentiation ◽  
Young Larva ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Vitro Production

Considering the ecological importance of stingless bees as caretakers and pollinators of a variety of native plants makes it necessary to improve techniques which increase of colonies’ number in order to preserve these species and the biodiversity associated with them. Thus, our aim was to develop a methodology of in vitro production of stingless bee queens by offering a large quantity of food to the larvae. Our methodology consisted of determining the amount of larval food needed for the development of the queens, collecting and storing the larval food, and feeding the food to the larvae in acrylic plates. We found that the total average amount of larval food in a worker bee cell of F. varia is approximately 26.70 } 3.55 μL. We observed that after the consumption of extra amounts of food (25, 30, 35 and 40 μL) the larvae differentiate into queens (n = 98). Therefore, the average total volume of food needed for the differentiation of a young larva of F. varia queen is approximately 61.70 } 5.00 μL. In other words; the larvae destined to become queens eat 2.31 times more food than the ones destined to become workers. We used the species Frieseomelitta varia as a model, however the methodology can be reproduced for all species of stingless bees whose mechanism of caste differentiation depends on the amount of food ingested by the larvae. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the in vitro technique developed herein, pointing to the possibility of its use as a tool to assist the production of queens on a large scale. This would allow for the artificial splitting of colonies and contribute to conservation efforts in native bees.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activity of Pollen Extract Collected by Stingless Bee Melipona fasciculata

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Jorge Oliveira Lopes ◽  
Cleydlenne Costa Vasconcelos ◽  
Francisco Assis Nascimento Pereira ◽  
Rosa Helena Moraes Silva ◽  
Pedro Felipe dos Santos Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Pollen Extract ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities

The stingless bee, Melipona fasciculata Smith (Apidae, Meliponini), is a native species from Brazil. Their products have high biotechnological potential, however there are no studies about the biological activities of pollen collected by M. fasciculata. In this context, the present study investigated the chemical composition, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of hydroethanolic pollen extracts collected by M. fasciculata in three cities in Maranhão State, Brazil. We verified the antioxidant activity of the extracts and inhibitory activity against the cyclooxygenase enzyme using in vitro assays and in allowed to select the extract with higher efficiency to be used on in vivo assays. In these trials, the selected extract showed high anti-inflammatory activity as well as nociceptive effects at central and peripheral level, suggesting that this extract acts on inhibition of histamine release and decreased synthesis of prostaglandins and the in-silico study suggested that polyphenols and acids fatty acids in the extract may be associated with these activities. The results of the present study report the high biological potential of pollen extract and we conclude that the pollen collected by M. fasciculata can be considered as the object of research for new pharmacological alternatives.

scholarly journals Foraging Activity inPlebeia remota, a Stingless Bees Species, Is Influenced by the Reproductive State of a Colony

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Nunes-Silva ◽  
Sergio Dias Hilário ◽  
Pérsio de Souza Santos Filho ◽  
Vera Lucia Imperatriz-Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Reproductive Diapause ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Reproductive State ◽  
Reproductive Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Colonies of the Brazilian stingless beePlebeia remotashow a reproductive diapause in autumn and winter. Therefore, they present two distinct reproductive states, during which colony needs are putatively different. Consequently, foraging should be adapted to the different needs. We recorded the foraging activity of two colonies for 30 days in both phases. Indeed, it presented different patterns during the two phases. In the reproductive diapause, the resource predominantly collected by the foragers was nectar. The majority of the bees were nectar foragers, and the peak of collecting activity occurred around noon. Instead, in the reproductive phase, the predominantly collected resource was pollen, and the peak of activity occurred around 10:00 am. Although the majority of the foragers were not specialized in this phase, there were a larger number of pollen foragers compared to the phase of reproductive diapause. The temperature and relative humidity also influenced the foraging activity.

scholarly journals In vitro biology of pigeon louse Colpocephalum turbinatum (Amblycera: Phthiraptera)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 770-772
Author(s):  
Satyapal Singh Rana ◽  
S. K. Bhardwaj ◽  
Arun Kumar Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Present Report ◽  
In Vitro Rearing ◽  
Vitro Biology

In vitro rearing of amblyceran Phthiraptera is a challenging task. A look on the literature reveals that negligible information exists on the in vitro bionomics of avian Amblycera. Present report furnishes information on the in vitro biology of an amblyceran louse, Colpocephalum turbinatum, reared at 35 ± 1˚C, 75-82% Relative Humidity, at feather diet. The incubation period of the eggs of louse was determined as 5.37±0.67 days. The duration of first, second and third nymphal instars remained 5.04±0.65, 5.12±0.89 and 5.0±0.57 days, respectively. The longevity of adult female (13.04 ± 3.67 days) was comparatively longer than that of males (9.6±2.87 days). An adult female laid an average of 0.63 egg/day in vitro condition (35±1oC and 75-82% RH, at feather diet).

scholarly journals An advance in the in vitro rearing of stingless bee queens

Apidologie ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Menezes ◽  
Ayrton Vollet-Neto ◽  
Vera Lucia Imperatriz Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Stingless Bee ◽  
In Vitro Rearing

scholarly journals Is the Water Supply a Key Factor in Stingless Bees’ Intoxication?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise de Souza Rosa-Fontana ◽  
Adna Suelen Dorigo ◽  
Hellen Maria Soares-Lima ◽  
Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli ◽  
Osmar Malaspina
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Route Of Exposure ◽  
Significant Mortality

Abstract Water is an important resource for stingless bees, serving for both honey dilution and the composition of larval food inside nests, yet can be an important route of exposure to pesticides. Assuming bees can forage naturally on pesticide-contaminated or noncontaminated areas, we investigated whether water supply influences the choice between neonicotinoid-dosed or nondosed feeders and on mortality of the stingless bee, Melipona scutellaris (Latreille, Hymenoptera, Apidae). At the field concentration, there was no significant mortality; however, the bees were not able to distinguish the feeders. In the cages containing high-concentration feeders, with water supply, the bees preferred nondosed food, and with no water, the mortality increased. Considering that in the field it is common to find extrapolated concentrations, our work suggested that water may allow avoidance of high dosed food and minimize mortality.

scholarly journals The Stimulating Effects of Imazalil and Carbendazim Fungicides on in Vitro Propagation and ex Situ conservation of the Medicinal Balkan Range-Restricted Sideritis Raeseri Boiss & Heldr. Subsp. Raeseri

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1752-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Sarropoulou ◽  
Eleni Maloupa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Shoot Number

Sideritis raeseri Boiss & Heldr. subsp. raeseri, known in Greece as Mountain tea of Parnassus or Velouchi is a range restricted medicinal plant of the Balkan peninsula. Conventional propagation methods did not allow the mass production of plant material in a short period of time due to both low seed germination rate and rooting of cuttings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a reliable, reproducible and efficient regeneration protocol for mass and large-scale micropropagation, germplasm and ex situ conservation of S. raeseri Boiss & Heldr. using Imazalil and Carbendazim fungicides. After 9 weeks, 2.5-10 mg/l Imazalil stimulated root length by 1 cm but diminished root number and rooting percentage. Optimum shoot number (5.58), shoot length (24.91 mm), shoot multiplication (100%), root number (20.63) and rooting (66.67%) were recorded with 0.5 mg/l kinetin (KN) + 0.05 mg/l ?-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (Imazalil-free). After 4 ½ weeks, 1 mg/l Carbendazim + 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA) yielded 5.77 shoots/explant, 16.1 mm shoot length and 100% shoot multiplication. However, Carbendazim did not result in rooting. The ex vitro survival percentage of rooted shoot-tip explants derived from Imazalil experiment was 95%. Carbendazim proved useful in shoot proliferarion and Imazalil in root elongation of S. raeseri Boiss & Heldr. subsp. raeseri micropropagation system.  

scholarly journals Poor ovarian response to stimulation for in vitro fertilization

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 354-361
Author(s):  
Svetlana Spremovic-Radjenovic ◽  
Jovan Bila ◽  
Aleksandra Gudovic ◽  
Snezana Vidakovic ◽  
Milan Dokic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Gnrh Agonist ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gnrh Antagonist ◽  
Poor Responders ◽  
Natural Cycle ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Short Period

The term ?poor respond (POR) patients? is used for the group of women who respond badly to usual doses of gonadotropins in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments; the consequence is low pregnancy rate. A consensus was reached on the minimal criteria needed to define POR. At least two of the following three features must be present: 1. advanced maternal age (40 years or more) 2. previous POR (3 or less oocytes with a conventional stimulation protocol) 3. abnormal ovarian reserve (AMH 0.5-1.1 ng/ml or AFC 5-7). The aim is to find better therapeutic options for these patients. Increased levels of day 3 follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2), as well as decreased levels of anti-M?llerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC), can be used to assess ovarian reserve, as indirect predictive tests. A larger number of well designed, large scale, randomized, controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy of different management strategies for poor responders: flare up gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocols, modified long GnRH agonist mini-dose protocols, luteal initiation GnRH agonist stop protocol, pretreatment with estradiol - GnRH antagonist in luteal phase, natural cycle aspiration or natural cycle aspiration GnRH antagonist controlled, adjuvant therapy with growth hormone or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The results of up to now used protocols are unsatisfactory and stimulation of the ovulation in poor responders remains a challenge, especially when bearing in mind that in the majority of cases the patients will be menopausal in relatively short period of time.

scholarly journals Oocyte Cryopreservation at a Young Age Provides an Effective Strategy for Expanding Fertile Lifespan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Poli ◽  
Antonio Capalbo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Oocyte Cryopreservation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Short Period

With an upward trend in delaying parenthood, women across the world face an increasing risk of age-related infertility and involuntary childlessness. Elective oocyte banking strategies offer women the possibility to protect part of their reproductive potential until personal finances, personal relationship, or career have stabilized. Timely collection and cryopreservation of oocytes when they are most competent and chromosomal abnormality rates have not yet escalated are crucial for achieving high live births through in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment at a later stage. To promote reproductive autonomy, women shall be informed about the decrease in fertility rates that sharply intensifies from the age of 35 years and the strategies available to maintain their reproductive potential. Together with this information, women should also recognize the limitations of available strategies including expected live birth rates, costs of the procedures, and overall approach performance, which is mainly associated with age at cryopreservation, number of oocytes banked, and age at accessing the banked oocytes. Evidence-based statistics are not yet available due to the relatively short period in which oocyte cryopreservation has been offered for elective purposes and the scarce number of patients returning for accessing their oocytes. However, to evaluate the applicability of fertility cryopreservation on a large scale, several theoretical models have been proposed to assess the expected efficacy and overall cost-effectiveness of different oocyte banking strategies. In this study, we review current oocyte cryopreservation methodologies, their applications, and outcomes. Moreover, we summarize current evidence regarding known parameters affecting oocyte banking efficacy. Finally, we discuss key points that could play a role in improving access to the service and optimization of oocyte banking frameworks.

scholarly journals In vitro rearing of stingless bee queens and their acceptance rate into colonies

Apidologie ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Fernando dos Santos ◽  
Patrick Douglas de Souza dos Santos ◽  
Betina Blochtein
Keyword(s):  
Acceptance Rate ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
In Vitro Rearing
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