scholarly journals Is the Water Supply a Key Factor in Stingless Bees’ Intoxication?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise de Souza Rosa-Fontana ◽  
Adna Suelen Dorigo ◽  
Hellen Maria Soares-Lima ◽  
Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli ◽  
Osmar Malaspina
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Route Of Exposure ◽  
Significant Mortality

Abstract Water is an important resource for stingless bees, serving for both honey dilution and the composition of larval food inside nests, yet can be an important route of exposure to pesticides. Assuming bees can forage naturally on pesticide-contaminated or noncontaminated areas, we investigated whether water supply influences the choice between neonicotinoid-dosed or nondosed feeders and on mortality of the stingless bee, Melipona scutellaris (Latreille, Hymenoptera, Apidae). At the field concentration, there was no significant mortality; however, the bees were not able to distinguish the feeders. In the cages containing high-concentration feeders, with water supply, the bees preferred nondosed food, and with no water, the mortality increased. Considering that in the field it is common to find extrapolated concentrations, our work suggested that water may allow avoidance of high dosed food and minimize mortality.

scholarly journals Effect of Larval Food Amount on in vitro Rearing of Indo-Malayan Stingless Bee Queen, Heterotrigona itama (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Meliponini)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2859-2867
Author(s):  
Nurul Izdihar Razali ◽  
Shamsul Bahri Abd Razak ◽  
Fatimah Hashim ◽  
Nurul Wahida Othman ◽  
Wahizatul Afzan Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
In Vitro Rearing ◽  
Short Period

The demand for stingless bee colonies in Malaysia has considerably increased due to the rapid advance of meliponiculture in using the stingless bees as agricultural pollinators, as well as the commercialization of stingless bee products (i.e. honey, bee bread and propolis). Thus, in vitro queen rearing for a large scale and rapid colony multiplication must be developed in order to fulfil the public requirements in a short period. Little is known about the in vitro rearing of native stingless bee queen, Heterotrigona itama. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the amount of larval food required by H. itama queen by comparing three different amounts of larval food, viz., 100 µL, 120 µL and 150 µL. All treatments were controlled under 100% relative humidity for the first 6 days, and 75% relative humidity for the rest of larval development until queen adult emergence, under 30 °C incubator temperature. The results showed that larvae of H. itama treated with the highest amount of larval food (150 µL) led to 78% of the queen’s emergence, whereas larvae treated with 120 µL and 100 µL of larval food resulted in 40% and 0% of queen emergence. The dynamic survival curve showed that most of the larvae died before the pupation phase and reached constant stability afterward. The queen’s body and abdominal length were significantly greater than wild workers. Microscopy analysis showed that in vitro queen had well-developed reproductive system with a huge ovary and spermatheca, whereas wild worker had much smaller ovary without spermatheca. Outcomes from this study could help increase the number of colonies on a large scale, allowing for their use both ecologically and economically, and contribute to conservation efforts in native species of stingless bees.

scholarly journals Method for designing the optimal sealing depth in methane drainage boreholes to realize efficient drainage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghao Yi ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Congmeng Hao ◽  
Qingquan Liu ◽  
Zhenyang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Failure Characteristics ◽  
Coal Mine Methane ◽  
Methane Drainage ◽  
Sealing Material ◽  
Sealing Performance ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Quantitative Analysis Method

AbstractThe purpose of underground methane drainage technology is to prevent methane disasters and enable the efficient use of coal mine methane (CMM), and the sealing depth is a key factor that affects the performance of underground methane drainage. In this work, the layouts of in-seam and crossing boreholes are considered to analyze the stress distribution and failure characteristics of roadway surrounding rock through a numerical simulation and field stress investigation to determine a reasonable sealing depth. The results show that the depths of the plastic and elastic zones in two experimental coal mines are 16 and 20 m respectively. Borehole sealing minimizes the air leakage through the fractures around the roadway when the sealing material covers the failure and plastic zones, and the field test results for CMM drainage at different sealing depths indicate that the CMM drainage efficiency increases with increasing sealing depth but does not change once the sealing depth exceeds the plastic zone. Moreover, sealing in the high-permeability roadway surrounding rock does not have a strong influence on the borehole sealing performance. Considering these findings, a new CMM drainage system for key sealing in the low-permeability zone was developed that is effective for improving the CMM drainage efficiency and prolonging the high-concentration CMM drainage period. The proposed approach offers a valuable quantitative analysis method for selecting the optimum sealing parameters for underground methane drainage, thereby improving considerably the drainage and utilization rates of CMM.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of high leucine concentration on α-amylase secretion by pancreatic acinar cells: possible key factor of proteasome

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Guo ◽  
Baolong Liu ◽  
Chen Zheng ◽  
Hanxun Bai ◽  
Hao Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Proteasome Activity ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
Amylase Secretion ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Amylase Release ◽  
Cholecystokinin Receptor ◽  
Key Factor

The present study aimed to investigate whether leucine affects the pancreatic exocrine by controlling the antisecretory factor (AF) and cholecystokinin receptor (CCKR) expression as well as the proteasome activity in pancreatic acinar cells of dairy calves. The pancreatic acinar cells were isolated from newborn Holstein bull calves and cultured using the Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/nutrient mixture F12 Ham’s liquid (DMEM/F12). There were six treatments of leucine dosage including 0 (control), 0.23, 0.45, 1.35, 4.05, and 12.15 mM, respectively. After culture for 3 h, the samples were collected for subsequent analysis. As the leucine concentration increased from 0 to 1.35 mM, the α-amylase activity in media decreased significantly (P<0.05), while further increase in leucine concentration did not show any decrease in α-amylase activity. Addition of leucine inhibited (P<0.05) the expression of AF and CCKR, and decreased the activity of proteasome (P<0.05) by 76%, 63%, 24%, 7%, and 9%, respectively. Correlation analysis results showed α-amylase secretion was negatively correlated with leucine concentration (P<0.01), and positively correlated with proteasome activity (P<0.01) and the expression of CCK1R (P<0.01) and AF (P<0.05). The biggest regression coefficient was showed between α-amylase activity and proteasome (0.7699, P<0.001). After inhibition of proteasome by MG-132, low dosage leucine decreased (P<0.05) the activity of proteasome and α-amylase, as well as the expression of CCK1R. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the high-concentration leucine induced decrease in α-amylase release was mainly by decreasing proteasome activity.

scholarly journals Physicochemical characteristics and sensory profile of honey samples from stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponinae) submitted to a dehumidification process

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A.L. Carvalho ◽  
Geni S. Sodré ◽  
Antonio A.O. Fonseca ◽  
Rogério M.O. Alves ◽  
Bruno A. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Diastatic Activity ◽  
Sensory Evaluations

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a dehumidification process on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of stingless-bee honey. Melipona scutellaris and M. quadrifasciata honey samples were submitted to a dehumidification process and to physicochemical (reducing sugars, apparent sucrose, moisture, diastatic activity, hydroxymethylfurfural, ash, pH, acidity, and electric conductivity) and sensory evaluations (fluidity, color, aroma, crystallization,flavor,and acceptability). The results indicated that the dehumidification process does not interfere with honey quality and acceptability.

scholarly journals Agrochemical synergism imposes higher risk to Neotropical bees than to honeybees

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 160866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson V. V. Tomé ◽  
Gabryele S. Ramos ◽  
Micaele F. Araújo ◽  
Weyder C. Santana ◽  
Gil R. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Africanized Honeybee ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Population Numbers

Bees are key pollinators whose population numbers are declining, in part, owing to the effects of different stressors such as insecticides and fungicides. We have analysed the susceptibility of the Africanized honeybee, Apis mellifera , and the stingless bee, Partamona helleri, to commercial formulations of the insecticides deltamethrin and imidacloprid. The toxicity of fungicides based on thiophanate-methyl and chlorothalonil were investigated individually and in combination, and with the insecticides. Results showed that stingless bees were more susceptible to insecticides than honeybees. The commercial fungicides thiophanate-methyl or chlorothalonil caused low mortality, regardless of concentration; however, their combination was as toxic as imidacloprid to both species, and over 400-fold more toxic than deltamethrin for A. mellifera . There were highly synergistic effects on mortality caused by interactions in the mixture of imidacloprid and the fungicides thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil and the combined fungicide formulation in A. mellifera, and also to a lesser extent in P. helleri . By contrast, mixtures of the deltamethrin and the combined fungicide formulation induced high synergy in P. helleri , but had little effect on the mortality of A. mellifera . Differences in physiology and modes of action of agrochemicals are discussed as key factors underlying the differences in susceptibility to agrochemicals.

scholarly journals Diversity and honey properties of stingless bees from meliponiculture in East and North Kalimantan, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
SYAFRIZAL ◽  
RICO RAMADHAN ◽  
IRAWAN WIJAYA KUSUMA ◽  
SAAT EGRA ◽  
KUNIYOSHI SHIMIZU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Radical Scavengers ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Light Yellow

Abstract. Syafrizal, Ramadhan R, Kusuma IW, Egra S, Shimizu K, Kanzaki M, Arung ET. 2020. Diversity and honey properties of stingless bees from meliponiculture in East and North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4623-4630. Kalimantan Island in Indonesia is covered by tropical rain forests that are rich in biodiversity. Species, include a stingless bee (Trigona spp.). Recently, stingless bee beekeeping (Meliponiculture) in this region has become popular because the honey has a unique taste, a mix of sweet, sour, and bitter which is highly valued. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of stingless bee species, the number of colonies, type of hive, and honey properties such as taste, acidity, color, phytochemicals, and radical scavenging activity or antioxidant in meliponiculture in selected areas of Eastern and Northern Kalimantan, Indonesia. The area studied included Samarinda, Balikpapan, Penajam, Bontang, Sangatta, and Tarakan. The study conducted by visiting the farmers, collecting the stingless bees species and bee products (honey, propolis, and bee pollen), pH, color and taste determination, phytochemical screening, and DPPH assay. We found 12 species, with Heterotrigona itama and Tetragonula laeviceps being the main ones cultivated by people in all research areas, except Balikpapan. We counted 111 colonies of T. laeviceps and 99 of H. itama in the meliponiculture. There were three types of hive used by farmers in meliponiculture. Most of the honey tasted sweet and sour with acidity or pH ranging from 3-4, and color from dark brown to light yellow. The phytochemicals contained tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, carotenoid, coumarin, saponin, and carbohydrate. The Tetragonula sarawakensis honey was the most potent in term radical scavengers. Our findings showed that stingless bee honey contains antioxidants with phytochemicals that are very useful for human health.

scholarly journals Safe water for all: A nature-based approach for cyanotoxin elimination from potable water

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Soldatou ◽  
Anjali Jaykumar ◽  
Abeysiri H.A.S.N ◽  
Pathmalal M. Manage ◽  
Ondřej Mašek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Coconut Shells

Cyanobacterial blooms are a serious threat to public health and water quality due to the production of cyanotoxins as a result of nutrient pollution from industry, agriculture, domestic waste as well as global warming. The microcystins (MCs) are the most abundant cyanotoxins consisting of >200 analogues causing both acute and chronic toxicity, sometimes resulting in death. In Asian countries, such as Sri Lanka, reports of kidney disease are constantly increasing. Although no direct link between metal and pesticide contamination in water and kidney disease has been found, high concentration of cyanobacteria cells in drinking water wells implies that the nephrotoxic effects of cyanotoxins might play a key factor in the reports of Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. Therefore, we propose a nature-based approach for water treatment which will study the hypotheses that cyanotoxins can cause CKDu. Sri Lankan bacterial isolates (Alcaligens sp., Roseateles sp., Bacillus sp., and Micrococcus sp.) known to degrade microcystins, were used to form biofilm on biochar from Sri Lankan crop residues, such as coconut shells. The immobilisation of the microbes was assessed via a high-throughput colourimetric assay, followed by monitoring the biodegradation rate of microcystins when added to the immobilised cultures. Biodegradation products were analysed and identified through molecular networking and quantified via LC-MS/MS. Ultimately, this project will provide safe water in line with UN Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 as well contributing in sustainable goals 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and 12 (Responsible Production and Consumption).

scholarly journals A key to the genera and subgenera of stingless bees in Indonesia (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

TREUBIA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 65-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Engel ◽  
Sih Kahono ◽  
Djunijanti Peggie
Keyword(s):  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Social Bees

Indonesia harbors the greatest diversity of social bees in all of Asia, particularly of the stingless bees (Apidae: Apinae: Meliponini). Presently, 46 species of stingless bees are known across Indonesia although records are not comprehensive and additional diversity is likely present across the region.  All of the known Asiatic genera of Meliponini occur in Indonesia, making this region a critical center of modern stingless bee biodiversity in Asia. Presented here is an illustrated key to the genera and subgenera of Indonesian stingless bees, as an aid to the general identification, study, and conservation of these critical pollinators.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Musuh Alami Koloni Lepidotrigona terminata Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Anggun Wicaksono ◽  
Tri Atmowidi ◽  
Windra Priawandiputra
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
West Java ◽  
Parasteatoda Tepidariorum ◽  
Paratrechina Longicornis ◽  
Hemidactylus Frenatus ◽  
Hemidactylus Garnotii

The research about types of natural enemies of stinless bees Lepidotrigona terminata had been conducted in West Java. All natural enemis were identified morphologically and their habitat. There were 687 individuals of 14 species of  natural enemies obtained in this research, i.e., Pseudeuophrys sp., Heliophanus sp., Argiope versicolor, Plexippus paykuli, Marpissa sp., Parasteatoda tepidariorum, Tegenaria sp., Nasutitermes javanicus, Paratrechina sp., Polyrhachis sp., Paratrechina longicornis, Rhynchium haemorrhoidale, Hemidactylus frenatus and Hemidactylus garnotii. Based on observation, spider, ants, and lizard were the predators of stingless bee. The results are expected as data and knowledge in the conservation and cultivation of stingless bees.

scholarly journals Trust as a Key Factor in Shaping the Social Business Model of Water Supply Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jabłoński ◽  
Jabłoński
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Social Business ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Water Supply Company

The current principles of doing business differ radically from those that were applied a few years ago. Global economic crises have shown that business must have a more social character. This gave rise to the creation of management solutions that would guarantee the satisfaction of a wide range of corporate stakeholders. In this context, ideas based on social potential began to emerge. As a consequence, the concept of social business models was born, accompanied by an attempt to search for the best business models possible in order to build the appropriate configuration of their components. According to the authors, an attribute of trust may be such a component based on which effective social business models can be built. As water supply companies are social enterprises, they have become the object of scientific research in this case. The purpose of the article is to determine the position of trust in the construction and application of social business models of water supply companies. The scope of the article includes scientific research into water supply companies in the most industrial region of Poland, Upper Silesia, with the most extensive and dense water supply network in the country. In this article, the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method was used to conduct research. The aim of the analysis was focusing on the issue of trust as a key factor in shaping the social business model of the company. In the questionnaires, respondents were asked to answer questions on the following issues: trust-based organizational behavior at the company; trust-based social capital at the company; trust-based relationships at the company; trust-based processes and activities at the company; trust-based risk at the company; and the trust-based business model at the company. The adopted logic of the scientific argument conducted indicates that trust and its place and role in the social business model of a water supply company have a significant impact on the social and economic performance of the water supply company, and as a consequence, on increased social responsibility towards stakeholders as well. Trust even stabilizes the organization and its business model; it is also a value catalyst and neutralizes the potentially negative impact of the organization on other entities gathered around it. Trust as a stabilizer can also affect the consistency and scalability of the social business model of a water supply company.

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