scholarly journals Sugar Recovery from Bakery Leftovers through Enzymatic Hydrolysis: Effect of Process Conditions and Product Characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2977-2991
Author(s):  
Nurfatimah Mohd Thani ◽  
Siti Mazlina Mustapa Kamal ◽  
Farah Saleena Taip ◽  
Alifdalino Sulaiman ◽  
Rozita Omar
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Sugar Recovery ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Product Characterization ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Sugar Degradation

This study evaluates the process conditions, (enzyme concentration (120-1200 U/g substrate), temperature (30-60 °C), and pH (3-9)) of enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) for sugar recovery from leftover croissants (LC) and leftover doughnut (LD), and characterizing its residue and hydrolysate. The highest sugar yield recovered from LC was 574.21 ± 0.74 mg/g (840 U/g substrate, 49 °C and pH 3) and for LD was 460.53 ± 0.74 mg/g (1176 U/g substrate, 47 °C and pH 3). The highest fructose and glucose yield for LC and LD were 14.47±0.73 mg/g and 11.84±0.21 mg/g, and 13.26±0.63 mg/g and 10.34±0.11 mg/g, respectively. Morphology analysis (SEM) showed that the structure of LC and LD had changes in its starch granules that indicates hydrolysis process occurrence. The presence of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides were detected from FTIR. HMF was also detected from sugar degradation due to EH, (0.043 ± 0.0334 mg/g for LC) and (0.023 ± 0.0124 mg/g for LD).

scholarly journals Enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch to produce reducing sugar and its kinetic Hidrolisis enzimatik tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan gula pereduksi dan kinetikanya

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera BARLIANTI ◽  
Deliana DAHNUM ◽  
. MURYANTO ◽  
Eka TRIWAHYUNI ◽  
Yosi ARISTIAWAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
First Order ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstrak Sebagai salah satu Negara penghasil minyak kelapa sawit mentah (CPO), Indonesia juga menghasilkan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dalam jumlah besar. TKKS terdiri dari-tiga-komponen utama, yaitu selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin. Pengolahan awal TKKS secara alkalindi ikuti dengan hidrolisis TKKS secara enzimatik menggunakan kombinasi enzim selulase dan β-glukosidase akan menghasilkan gula-gula yang mudah difermentasi.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi substrat, kon-sentrasi enzim, dan suhu selama proses hidrolisis berlangsung.  Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi gula maksimum (194,78 g/L) dicapai pada konsentrasi TKKS 20% (b/v), konsentrasi campuran enzim yang terdiri dari selulase dan β-1,4 glukosidase sebesar 3,85% (v/v), dan suhu 50oC. Perbandingan antara selulase dan β-1,4 glukosidase adalah 5:1 dengan masing-masing aktivitas enzim sebesar 144.5 FPU/mL dan 63 FPU/mL. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa model kinetika yang sesuai untuk proses hidrolisis TKKS secara enzimatik adalah model kinetika Shen dan Agblevor dengan reakside aktivasi enzim orde satu.  Hasil ini mendukung studi kelayakan ekonomi dalam pemanfaatan TKKS untuk produksi bioetanol.AbstractAs one of the crude palm oil producers, Indonesia also produces empty fruit bunches (EFB)in large quantities. The oil palm EFB consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Alkaline pretreatment of EFB, followed by enzymatic hydro-lysis of cellulose using combination of cellulase and β-glucosidase enzymes produce fermentable sugars. This paper reported the effects of substrate loading, enzyme concentration, and temperature of hydrolysis process on reducing sugar production. The  maximum  sugar  concentration (194.78 g/L) was produced at 50oC using 20% (w/v) EFB and 3.85% (v/v) mixed enzymes of cellulase and β-1,4 glucosidase in volume ratio of 5:1 (v/v), with enzyme activity of 144.5 FPU/mL and 63 FPU/mL, respectively. The results also showed that the suitable kinetic model for enzymatic hydrolysis process of oil palm EFB follow Shen and Agblevor model with first order of enzyme deactivation. These results support the economic feasibility study in utilization of EFB of oil palm for bioethanol production.    

Reutilization of Porcine Blood as Nutrients Source

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 666-669
Author(s):  
Gen Sheng Zhang ◽  
Xiao Xia Yue ◽  
Guang Liu ◽  
Jing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Porcine Serum ◽  
Porcine Blood ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions

This paper studied the enzymatic hydrolysis process for porcine serum polypeptide from porcine blood. And the optimum enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were as follows: enzyme concentration was 1190u/g, pH was 9.0, temperature was 50°C, time was5.3h. the relative DH was 21.26% under above conditions, It not only solve the environmental problems of livestock and poultry processing industry but also opened up new channels and new areas for functional food’s research, it had good social and economic benefits.

scholarly journals Enzymatic hydrolysis on protein and β-glucan content of Sang-yod rice bran hydrolysates and their anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natcha Phantuwong ◽  
Chakree Thongraung ◽  
Chutha Takahashi Yupanqui
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Background: Research focusing on the improvement of the utilization of rice bran is increasing due to its nutritional properties. Several biological activities of rice bran hydrolysates and its constituents have been reported. Sang-yod rice, a local rice variety in Southern of Thailand, is a pigmented rice. Furthermore, its bran has high nutritive value and health beneficial components. Accordingly, there is growing interest in transforming this by-product into a functional food ingredient.Objective: To investigate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis processes on the digestion of protein and β-glucan and evaluate anti-proinflammatory properties of selected hydrolysates on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.Method: Sang-yod rice bran hydrolysates were obtained using a single or co-enzymatic hydrolysis process and sequential hydrolysis process using amyloglucosidase and protease G6. Effects of enzyme concentration (3-5% v/w) and hydrolysis duration (30, 60, and 120 min) on soluble protein and β-glucan contents of obtained rice bran hydrolysates were evaluated. The selected rice bran hydrolysates were evaluated for their cell viability and inhibition against NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines generation on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell lines.  Results: Protein content (0.59-3.37 %) of the rice bran hydrolysates (RBHs) was increased by increasing of enzyme concentration (3-5% v/w) and hydrolysis time (60-120 min). However, the β-glucan content (0.88-4.63%) of RBHs decreased with the increase of those parameters. The RBHs derived by the sequential process using 5% v/w enzyme concentration and 60 min hydrolysis time gave high protein (3.23%) and high β-glucan (4.02%) contents. The hydrolysates with high amount of protein and/or β-glucan contents demonstrated no cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells at concentration range of 100-2,000 μg/ml. Additionally, they demonstrated NO inhibition and pro-inflammatory inhibition ranges of 49.09-71.63% and 9.37-71.96% respectively. Generation of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β cytokines was inhibited differently by the selected RBHs. Conclusion: Pre-digestion of Sang-yod rice bran with amyloglucosidase followed with co-hydrolysis of amyloglucosidase and protease G6 of the sequential hydrolysis process was the most effective process to release β-glucan and protein from of rice bran. The hydrolysate obtained from the process using enzyme concentration at 5%v/w and 60 min hydrolysis duration of each stage had the highest soluble β-glucan and protein content. Moreover, the process provided the hydrolysates with potential anti-inflammatory properties on nitric oxide inhibition and pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibition on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Keywords: Sang-yod rice, Rice bran hydrolysate, β-glucan, Enzymatic hydrolysis, Anti-inflammatory activity 

scholarly journals PRE-TREATMENT AND ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF BANANA (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) PSEUDOSTEM FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Galileo E. Araguirang ◽  
Arianne Joyce R. Arizala ◽  
Eden Beth B. Asilo ◽  
Jamie Louise S. Batalon ◽  
Erin B. Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Second Generation Ethanol

Banana (M. acuminata x balbisiana) is an abundant lignocellulosic waste material in large plantations all over the Philippines, especially in Mindanao, which can be utilized as substrate in producing high-value products like ethanol. To compensate for the low yield based on total weight of substrate due to the high moisture content of banana pseudostem, there is the primary challenge to make the conversion of this lignocellulosic biomass into monomeric sugar and then into ethanol more efficiently in order to achieve yields that would make it cost-competitive. Hence, this study evaluated the effects of solid loading, incubation time and amount of enzyme on yield of reducing sugars in the enzymatic hydrolysis process and attempted to optimize the significant factors by Response Surface Methodology (RSM), specifically using Box-Behnken design. There was significant improvement on the reducing sugar yield of the pretreated banana pseudostem at 20 h incubation time, 15 g solid loading and 0.55 % enzyme concentration. Ethanol production was observed to be higher in the detoxified substrate although biomass was higher for the non-detoxified substrate. As to our knowledge, the present study is the first attempt to produce second generation ethanol using banana pseudostem waste as feedstock in the Philippines.

Modeling and Optimisation of Xylose Production by Enzymatic Hydrolysis using Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Atiqah Nurhalim ◽  
Mashitah Mat Don ◽  
Zainal Ahmad ◽  
Dipesh S. Patle
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Hydrolysis Process

Abstract Particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is used for the optimization of an enzymatic hydrolysis process for the production of xylose from rice straw. The enzymatic hydrolysis process conditions such as temperature, agitation speed and concentration of enzyme were optimized by using PSO to obtain the optimum yield of xylose. Data collected from an experimental design using response surface methodology were necessitated to develop the neural network modeling. The neural network model is used as a model in objective function of PSO to predict the optimum conditions, which involved in the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The optimum value is obtained from the performance of the best particle swarm among the optimum conditions in PSO. The predicted optimum values were validated through the experiment of the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The optimum temperature, agitation speed and xylanase concentration is observed to be 50.3°C, 132 rpm and 1.6474 mg/ml, respectively. The optimal yield of xylose is predicted as 0.1845 mg/ml using PSO.

Influence of pH and Cellic® CTec2 enzymes dose on the glucose yield after enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at 45 °C

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Monika Marchwicka
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Influence of pH and Cellic® CTec2 enzymes dose on the glucose yield after enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at 45 °C. The enzymatic hydrolysis with the use of industrial enzymes Cellic® CTec2 (Novozymes, Denmark) was carried out within the conditions recommended by the manufacturer and literature. Cellulose obtained by the Kürschner-Hoffer method from a wood of 3-year-old poplar (Populus trichocarpa) was used for the study. Three pH values of 4.8, 5.0 and 5.5 were applied. Also, three amounts of enzymes were used: 25, 50 and 100 mg per 100 mg of the dry mass of cellulose for each pH used. The temperature was 45 °C. Samples were taken after 24 h and subjected to chromatographic analysis to determine the glucose content in the hydrolysates, and then the process parameters allowing for the highest glucose yield after the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The highest glucose yield was obtained for pH 5.0 and 100 mg of enzymes per 100 mg of the dry mass of cellulose – 79 %.

scholarly journals BIODELIGNIFIKASI ENCENG GONDOK UNTUKMENINGKATKAN DIGESTIBILITAS PADA PROSESHIDROLISIS ENZIMATIK

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Eka - Sari ◽  
S Syamsiah ◽  
Hary Sulistyo ◽  
Muslikhin Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Water Hyacinths

Abstract  Water hyacinth is one of lignocellulose that has potential to bioethanol feedstocks. This is due to the high content of cellulose and hemicellulose its rapid growth and the plant is abundant in nature. Bioconversion of water hyacinth begins with biodelignification process. This biodelignification aims to remove lignin and reduce crystallinity  of cellulose and hemicellulose to increase its digestibility in enzymatic hydrolysis processes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of biodelignification of water hyacinth using  fungi  and the effect on the digestibility of water hyacinth in the enzymatic hydrolysis process. In this study, Biodelignification using Solid State Fermentation (SSF) method using Phanerochaete Chrysosporium (PC). Hyacinth is inserted in a bioreactor and incubated for 28 days. The analysis of composition of water hyacinth is conducted every 4 days. After the biodelignification process followed by hydrolysis process using cellulase enzyme. Glucose generated from this hydrolysis process will be analyzed using the Somogyi Nelson method. The results show that biodelignification process can improve the digestibility of water hyacinths characterized by increased glucose yield. Without biodelignification process, glucose yield only reached 3.98%. After biodelignification prior to the hydrolysis process, the highest glucose yield was achieved at 67.66% for 16 days incubation. Keywords: biodeglinification;glucose;hydrolysis;lignin; cellulast Abstrak Enceng gondok adalah salah satu lignoselulosa yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan bahan baku bioetanol. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kandungan selulosa dan hemiselulosa yang tinggi dan pertumbuhannya yang cepat sehingga ketersediaannya di alam sangat melimpah. Biokonversi enceng gondok dimulai dengan proses biodelignifikasi. Biodelignifikasi ini bertujuan menghilangkan lignin dan mengurangi kristalinitas selulosa dan hemiselulosa untuk meningkatkan digestibilitasnya pada proses hidrolisis enzimatik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh biodelignifikasi enceng gondok dengan jamur terhadap digestibilitas enceng gondok pada proses hidrolisis enzimatik. Biodelignifikasi pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Solid State Fermentation (SSF) menggunakan jamur Phanerochaete Chrysosporium (PC). Enceng gondok dimasukan dalam sebuah bioreaktor dan diinkubasi selama 28 hari. Analisis perubahan komposisi enceng gondok dilakukan setiap 4 hari. Setelah proses biodelignifikasi dilanjutkan dengan proses hidrolisis menggunakan enzim selulase. Glukosa yang dihasilkan dari proses hidrolisis ini akan dianalisis menggunakan metode Somogyi Nelson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses biodelignifikasi dapat meningkatkan digestibilitas enceng gondok yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya yield glukosa. Tanpa proses biodelignifikasi, yield glukosa hanya mencapai 3,98%. Setelah dilakukan biodelignifikasi sebelum proses hidrolisis maka yield glukosa tertinggi dicapai sebesar 67,66% selama 16 hari inkubasi. Kata kunci:biodeglinifikasi;glukosa;hidrolisis;lignin; selulase

scholarly journals Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted on Sequential Peracetic Acid and Alkaline Peroxide Pretreatment to The Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwini Normayulisa Putri ◽  
Meka Saima Perdani ◽  
Masafumi Yohda ◽  
Tania Surya Utami ◽  
Muhamad Sahlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) that has been pretreated by modified pretreatment has been investigated in this study. The OPEFB used was pretreated by using sequential peracetic acid – alkaline peroxide solution. As the modification method, the assistance of pretreatment by ultrasound was conducted, in order to increase the enzyme accessibility. Therefore, it enhances the production of reducing sugar on the hydrolysis process. Prior to hydrolysis process, OPEFB was initially treated by using peracetic acid solution, comprise of CH3COOH (> 99%) and H2O2 (30% w/w), assisted by ultrasound for 3 hours at 35oC. Afterwards, OPEFB was treated by using alkaline peroxide solution, comprise of NaOH (40% w/w) and H2O2 (35% w/w), assisted by ultrasound for 10 hours at 35oC. OPEFB that has been pretreated was then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis process using cellulase enzyme, in order to convert cellulose content into reducing sugar. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 50oC in a shaker incubator with 150 rpm for 48 hours. In this study, the effect of different enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time towards the sugar concentration in modified-pretreated OPEFB was observed and analyzed. Three different concentrations of enzyme were used, including 1.25, 2.5, and 5 g/L, and reducing sugar concentrations were analyzed at 30 and 45 minutes, and 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 30, and 48 hours. Based on results, enzyme concentration has a significant effect to the production of reducing sugar. The reducing sugar concentrations obtained at the end of the hydrolysis process were 8.48, 11.06, 19.16 g/L, at the enzyme concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 g/L, respectively. At any hydrolysis time, the highest sugar concentration has been achieved on the highest enzyme concentration of 5 g/L. Moreover, the effective hydrolysis time were achieved at 6 hours, at all concentration of enzyme, since the production of reducing sugar were insignificant after 6 hours. This study showed an increase in reducing sugar production by 8.25% in the hydrolysis process using OPEFB pretreated by modified pretreatment compared to the non-modified pretreatment.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Qadly Ameen Pahlawi ◽  
Nazlee Faisal Ghazali ◽  
Khairilanuar Mohd Hanim ◽  
Nik Azmi Nik Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Enzyme Adsorption ◽  
Enzyme Loading ◽  
Cellulose Conversion ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A preliminary study was performed on enzymatic hydrolysis process for treating empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre. The bioconversion of cellulose hydrolysis was carried out with soluble cellulase from Trichodermareesei as the biocatalyst. Crucial trends such as substrate and enzyme loading influencing the enzymatic reaction were also studied in order to enhance the cellulose conversion. The results indicate that as the enzyme loading was increased, the EFB conversion also increased until it reached 115.63 FPU/g of enzyme concentration, beyond this values, the reverse occurred. On the other hand, as the substrate loading was increased the conversion decreased. Inhibition of enzyme adsorption by hydrolysis products appear to be the main cause of the decreasing conversion at increasing enzyme loading and substrate loading.

scholarly journals Enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch to produce reducing sugar and its kinetic Hidrolisis enzimatik tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan gula pereduksi dan kinetikanya

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera BARLIANTI ◽  
Deliana DAHNUM ◽  
. MURYANTO ◽  
Eka TRIWAHYUNI ◽  
Yosi ARISTIAWAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
First Order ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstrak Sebagai salah satu Negara penghasil minyak kelapa sawit mentah (CPO), Indonesia juga menghasilkan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dalam jumlah besar. TKKS terdiri dari-tiga-komponen utama, yaitu selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin. Pengolahan awal TKKS secara alkalindi ikuti dengan hidrolisis TKKS secara enzimatik menggunakan kombinasi enzim selulase dan β-glukosidase akan menghasilkan gula-gula yang mudah difermentasi.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi substrat, kon-sentrasi enzim, dan suhu selama proses hidrolisis berlangsung.  Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi gula maksimum (194,78 g/L) dicapai pada konsentrasi TKKS 20% (b/v), konsentrasi campuran enzim yang terdiri dari selulase dan β-1,4 glukosidase sebesar 3,85% (v/v), dan suhu 50oC. Perbandingan antara selulase dan β-1,4 glukosidase adalah 5:1 dengan masing-masing aktivitas enzim sebesar 144.5 FPU/mL dan 63 FPU/mL. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa model kinetika yang sesuai untuk proses hidrolisis TKKS secara enzimatik adalah model kinetika Shen dan Agblevor dengan reakside aktivasi enzim orde satu.  Hasil ini mendukung studi kelayakan ekonomi dalam pemanfaatan TKKS untuk produksi bioetanol.AbstractAs one of the crude palm oil producers, Indonesia also produces empty fruit bunches (EFB)in large quantities. The oil palm EFB consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Alkaline pretreatment of EFB, followed by enzymatic hydro-lysis of cellulose using combination of cellulase and β-glucosidase enzymes produce fermentable sugars. This paper reported the effects of substrate loading, enzyme concentration, and temperature of hydrolysis process on reducing sugar production. The  maximum  sugar  concentration (194.78 g/L) was produced at 50oC using 20% (w/v) EFB and 3.85% (v/v) mixed enzymes of cellulase and β-1,4 glucosidase in volume ratio of 5:1 (v/v), with enzyme activity of 144.5 FPU/mL and 63 FPU/mL, respectively. The results also showed that the suitable kinetic model for enzymatic hydrolysis process of oil palm EFB follow Shen and Agblevor model with first order of enzyme deactivation. These results support the economic feasibility study in utilization of EFB of oil palm for bioethanol production.    

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