SYAIR DIRAJA MELAYU PERAK-JOHOR ERA KONTEMPORARI: SATU PERBANDINGAN KEPENGARANGAN (Royal Syair in the Contemporary Era of Perak-Johor: Comparison of Authorship)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 290-307
Author(s):  
ROSNANI IBRAHIM ◽  
MUAMMAR GHADDAFI HANAFIAH ◽  
SHAIFU BAHRI MD RADZI
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The 16th century to the end of the 19th century, storytelling and praise of the sultan became the idea of authorship. This storytelling and praise are conveyed by making poetry his platform. The last poem to record the history of this Royal group was the Syair Riwayat Yang Amat Mulia Tengku Ampuan Besar Pahang (1953). However, such influence is less used when modern literature develops. Western powers bring a new diversity of forms and genres in creation. After 56 years, two works have emerged, Syair Sultan Azlan Shah Berjiwa Rakyat (2009), Mohd Ibrahim bin Said and Syair DYMM Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar (2018) by Maskiah binti Masrom in this contemporary era. Kings and sultans became objects of storytelling in both works. The question is, what are the scopes or criteria that are the ideas of their authorship? The scope or criterion that became the idea of authorship used by both authors in presenting storytelling about their rulers. Both texts of the Royal poetry were sampled. Comparative methods are applied to examine their influence in presenting the idea of Royal history recordings in the contemporary era. Intrinsically research methods on study samples were also used. The findings found that the king's biography became the scope or criterion that became the idea of authorship for both authors in praise and upholding his king. Keywords: Literary criticism; Peering; Authorship; Royal syair; Contemporary syair

MASJID BESAR RAJA HAJI ABDUL GHANI PULAU BURU KEPULAUAN RIAU

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurman Kholis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
District Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Buddhists ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Level Government

Abstract. Many Muslims in the Riau Islands do not know the history of the development of Islamic theory from the center of power to spread to various corners. This is as the existence of the Great Mosque of Raja Haji Abdul Ghani (MBRHAG) on Buru Island, Karimun. Thus, to uncover the existence of this mosque, qualitative research methods are used so that history, architecture, and socio-religious functions can be known. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the establishment of MBRHAG was initiated by Raja Haji Abdul Ghani. He was the first Amir (sub-district level government) of the kingdom of Riau-Lingga on Buru Island, in the 19th century. The architecture is a Chinese. Therefore, on the right side of this mosque is around 200 m, there is also the Sam Po Teng Temple and the Tri Dharma Dewa Bumi. Thus, the close location of the mosque with Chinese and Confucian worship houses's shows a harmonious relationship between Malay Muslims and Chinese Buddhists. In fact, in the continuation of this relationship there was information that a Chinese Buddhist had joined a Muslim friend to fast for half a month of Ramadan.Keywords: Mosque, Malay Muslims, Chinese Buddhists/Confucians, Harmonious RelationsAbstrak. Umat Islam di Kepulauan Riau banyak yang tidak mengenal sejarah perkembangan ajaran Islam dari pusat kekuasaan hingga tersebar ke berbagai pelosok. Hal ini sebagaimana keberadaan Masjid Besar Raja Haji Abdul Ghani (MBRHAG) di Pulau Buru, Karimun. Dengan demikian, untuk mengungkapkan keberadaan masjid ini digunakan metode penelitian kualitatif  agar dapat diketahui sejarah, arsitektur, dan fungsi sosial keagamaannya.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pendirian MBRHAG diprakarsai oleh Raja Haji Abdul Ghani. Ia adalah Amir (pemerintah setingkat kecamatan) pertama kerajaan Riau-Lingga di Pulau Buru, pada abad ke-19. Adapun arsitekturnya adalah seorang Tionghoa. Karena itu, di sebelah kanan masjid ini sekitar 200 m juga terdapat Kelenteng Sam Po Teng dan cetya Tri Dharma Dewa Bumi. Dengan demikian, dekatnya lokasi masjid dengan rumah ibadah umat Tionghoa dan Khonghucu ini menunjukkan hubungan yang harmonis antara muslim Melayu dengan Budhis Tionghoa. Bahkan, dalam kelangsungan hubungan ini terdapat informasi seorang Buddhis Tionghoa pernah ikut temannya yang beragama muslim untuk berpuasa selama setengah bulan Ramadhan.Kata Kunci: Masjid, Muslim Melayu, Buddhis/Khonghucu Tionghoa, Hubungan Harmonis

The Franz Mayer Collection and the Rogerio Casas-Alatriste H. Library

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Miriam Velázquez Martínez
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Temporary Exhibitions

The existence of the Franz Mayer Museum is due to the German philanthropist and naturalized Mexican, Franz Gabriel Mayer Traumann Altschul (1882-1975), who bequeathed to the Mexican people his library and decorative arts collection. Considered the most important of its kind in the country, it includes works from the 16th through the 19th centuries, from America, Europe and Asia. It is located in Mexico City, in a building dating from the second half of the 16th century, and celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2011. The Library, which is open to researchers, is currently made up of around 22,000 volumes, and specializes in decorative arts and the history of Mexico in the 19th century, among other subjects. As well as displaying the Mayer Collection the Museum also presents temporary exhibitions on decorative arts, contemporary design and photography, while the library holds two exhibitions a year highlighting the bibliographic collections.

Baltic Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Schnakenbourg
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the Early Modern era, the Baltic Sea was called the Nordic Mediterranean because of its unique outlet on the high seas and its narrowness. Like its southern counterpart, the Baltic is at the crossroads of several peoples and cultures. Also like the Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic had different populations on each of its shores, yet in another way facilitated relations and became a space for interconnections. Throughout its history, peoples from Scandinavia, Poland, Germany, Russia, and the Baltic lands developed not only all sorts of peaceful relations and exchanges, but also competed with each other in long-lasting rivalries or military confrontations. Between the 16th century and the first half of the 19th century, the Baltic region experienced dramatic internal and external changes resulting from its ever-growing connections with the rest of Europe. Baltic issues, however, did not have the same importance for all the surrounding countries: it was the only horizon for Sweden, which enjoyed sovereignty over Finland until 1809, and the main horizon for Denmark, which ruled Norway until 1814. For Scandinavians, the Baltic Sea was a necessary interface for various kinds of exchanges with the external world, whether regional neighbors or continental Europe. In one way or another, the history of the Swedish and Danish kingdoms is interwoven with the history of the Baltic. Scandinavians devoted great attention to this neighboring sea for their shipping and trade, as well as for their security and political influence. The situation is somewhat similar for the Baltic provinces (Estonia, Livonia, and Ingria), which were always under foreign rule, first Swedish then Russian, in the Early Modern period. On the other side of the sea, for the German states, the Polish Republic, and the Russian Empire, the Baltic was simply one theater of foreign policy among others, even though its importance changed over time according to the political or economic context. As for commerce, while during the Middle Ages the Baltic region traded with the rest of Europe, starting in the 16th century, the situation changed as the continental economy shifted from the Mediterranean to the northwest. European population growth and the development of long-distance shipping and commerce meant increasing needs for grain and naval stores. This created new demand for Baltic economic resources and products and for transporting those exports. Consequently, new international rivalries and struggles occurred in the Baltic. At first, these conflicts were among the regional countries, but increasingly the main European powers as well. The Baltic Sea then became an important theater for European international politics, and almost every continental war had a Baltic component. The history of the Baltic Sea from the 16th century to the middle of the 19th century must be considered from two perspectives: first, relations among the regional countries and peoples; and second, relations with the world outside the Baltic, whether foreign powers and regions or even other seas, for political, military, and trade matters.

scholarly journals Numerus surdus y armonía musical. Sobre el temperamento igual y el fin del reinado pitagórico de los números

2021 ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Lianggi Espinoza ◽  
Juan Redmond ◽  
Pablo César Palacios Torres ◽  
Ismael Cortez Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The West ◽  
String Instruments ◽  
Equal Temperament ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThe development of philosophical ideas throughout history has sometimes been assisted by the use of handcrafted instruments. Some paradigmatic cases, such as the invention of the telescope or the microscope, show that many philosophical approaches have been the result of the intervention of such instruments. The aim of this article is to show the determining role that stringed musical instruments with frets had in the crisis and generation of philosophical paradigms. In fact, just as the observations of the moon with the telescope broke more than a thousand years of Aristotelian hegemony, the fretted string instruments, predecessors of the guitar, played a central role in the collapse of one of the most influential approaches in the history of Philosophy: Pythagorism. We focus on the fundamental hallmarks of Pythagorism and on how, during the 16th century and from the fretted string instruments, the mathematical-musical notion of equal temperament emerged, which from the middle of the 19th century will be established as the prevailing philosophical-musical paradigm of the West.

scholarly journals The Slavic Qur’an Translation of the 16th–18th Centuries: Poland and Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-82
Author(s):  
D. V. Mukhetdinov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Research Cycle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Ethnocultural Group ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Grand Duchy ◽  
Modern Russian

This paper aims to continue and develop the research cycle on history of Qur’an translations in Europe. The paper deals with rethinking of possible background of Russian Qur’an translations, commonly traced back up to the first half of the 19th century. Ca. 1800 the tradition of Qur’an translating in Russia was already rich and varied in its scientific, literary and religious contexts. However, its origin could be found in the earlier similar tradition of Lithuanian Tatars, which was developed at least from the 16th century in intellectual space of the three states, namely Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rzeczpospolita and Tsardom of Russia. This Muslim ethnocultural group shaped their own Qur’an translation school in the West Russian (Ruthenian, Old Belorusian) language closely related to modern Russian.

scholarly journals La botica del monasterio cisterciense de Santa María de La Oliva (Navarra)

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-197
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Garde
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Monastic Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Taking Care

RESUMEN Este trabajo recupera la historia de la botica del monasterio cisterciense de La Oliva desde su fundación en el siglo xvi hasta su definitiva desaparición en el xix. Aunque nada queda de aquella botica, los documentos acreditan que tuvo un desarrollo y funcionamiento acorde con la importancia de la abadía, atendiendo la salud de la comunidad monástica y de sus criados, así como de los vecinos de varios pueblos colindantes y otras personas necesitadas. Finalmente se transcribe y analiza el inventario de fármacos y efectos de la botica, confiscados y entregados al Cuerpo de Sanidad Militar (Farmacia) en 1836 tras la desamortización de Mendizábal. LABURPENA Lan honek La Olivako monasterio zistertarreko botikaren historia berreskuratzen du, xvi. mendean sortu zenetik xix. mendean behin betiko desagertu zen arte. Botika haren ezer geratzen ez den arren, dokumentuek frogatzen dute abadiaren garrantziaren araberako garapena eta funtzionamendua izan zuela, komunitate monastikoaren eta haren morroien osasuna zainduz, baita inguruko herrietako bizilagunena eta beste pertsona behartsu batzuena ere. Azkenik, Mendizabalen desamortizazioaren ondoren 1836an konfiskatu eta Farmazia Militarrari emandako botiken eta botikako gauzen inbentarioa transkribatzen eta aztertzen da. ABSTRACT This paper retrieves the history of the apothecary of the Cistercian monastery of La Oliva since its establishment in the 16th century until its final disappearance in the 19th century. Nothing remains of that apothecary but some documents prove that it had a development and was operated in accordance with the importance of the abbey, by taking care of the health of the monastic community and its servants, as well as of the neighbours of several neighbouring towns and other needy people Finally, the inventory of drugs and effects of the apothecary is transcribed and analyzed, confiscated and delivered to the Military Pharmacy in 1836 after the confiscation of Mendizábal.

Finding the Island Mompracem. The Problem of Mapping the Northwest Coast of Borneo from 16th to 20th Century

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-78
Author(s):  
Bianca Gerlich
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
History Of Cartography ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract This article deals with a case concerning the history of cartography of the northwest coast of Borneo. The island Mompracem appears conspicuously marked and continuously on European maps from the 16th century to the 19th century, but in various positions. Curiously, it is no longer shown on maps from the 20th century onwards. This article attempts to understand which map material is reliable in terms of the location of the island and to identify its current name.

scholarly journals Formation and development of the Chuvash folklore studies and literary criticism of the 19th century

Rhema ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 190-203
Author(s):  
D. Abasheva ◽  
V. Sigov ◽  
R. Sharyafetdinov
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Further Development

History of literary criticism of various nations of Russia in the 19th century is many-sided and is important both for further development of literature and for the process of mutual enrichment, addition of literatures and literary studies. A special place in this context belongs to the Kazan province which has always been characterized by ethnic diversity an multinational structure and to the University of Kazan which is the acknowledged center for studying traditional ways of life, folklore and literature of the Volga region. In the formation of literary criticism and the development of literature of the Volga region in general and Chuvash literature in particular, the activities of the Chuvash writers, actors, artists, composers (I. Yurkin, G. Timofeev, M. Akimov, K. Ivanov, N. Shubossinni, M. Trubina, F. Pavlov, P. Pazukhin, etc.) and researchers (A.A. Fuchs, V.A. Sboev, S.M. Mikhailov, P. Malkhov, I.Ya. Yakovlev, N.M. Ashmarin, etc.) are of special importance.

scholarly journals DOMINANT CONCEPT IN THE STORY OF A. P. CHEKHOV “FEAR"

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Ольга Константиновна Евдокимова
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Psychological Type ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Semantic Component ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Type Of Behavior

Данная статья посвящена рассказу А. П. Чехова «Страх» (1892), а в центре внимания - проблема изучения особенностей созданного писателем художественного мира посредством концепта в его литературоведческом понимании. Концепт «страх» выступает в качестве доминантного в анализируемом произведении. Рассказ «Страх» нечасто становится предметом отдельного изучения в чеховедении, между тем в этом произведении выражено одно из преобладающих настроений чеховского времени и соответственно социально-психологический тип поведения, ставший характерным для русского общества в конце XIX века. В работе представлена история вопроса в связи с понятием «концепт» и рассказом «Страх» в современном литературоведении. Особый акцент сделан на содержании анализируемого концепта, который является принципиально важным для понимания картины мира, созданной писателем в своих прозаических произведениях в конце XIX века. В этой связи рассказ «Страх» рассматривается в сопоставлении с теми рассказами писателя, где слова «страх», «страшный» выносятся в заглавие. Особое внимание в статье уделено природе страха, обусловленного жизнью, что находит отражение в такой семантической составляющей концепта, как парадоксальность, которая свойственна и другим чеховским рассказам. His article is devoted to the story of A. P. Chekhov “Fear” (1892), and the focus is on the problem of studying the features of the artistic world created by the writer through the concept in its literary understanding. The article focuses on the “fear” concept as dominant in the analyzed work. The story “Fear” is not often considered in Chekhov’s studies, meanwhile this work expresses one of the prevailing moods of Chekhov’s time and, accordingly, the socio-psychological type of behavior that became characteristic of the Russian society at the end of the 19th century. The work presents the history of the issue in connection with the term “concept” and the story “Fear” in modern literary criticism. Special emphasis is placed on the content of the analyzed concept, which is fundamentally important for understanding the view of the world created by the writer in his prose works at the end of the 19th century. In this regard, the story “Fear” is considered in comparison with those stories of the writer, where the words “fear”, “terrible” are put into the title. In the article particular attention is paid to the nature of fear caused by life, which is reflected in such a semantic component of the concept as paradox, which is also inherent in other Chekhov’s stories

scholarly journals Eurocentrism and the Historical Perception About the Malays

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Azmi Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Local History ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
British Colonialism ◽  
European Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This study examines the effects of Eurocentrism to the view of the character, nature and image of the Malays especially in the period of British colonialism in the 19th century. This research explains why Eurocentrism creates confusing and negative views of the nature, civilisation and wisdom of the indigenous people. Eurocentrism is a form of thoughts that often measures and defines non-European civilisation through historical, cultural, religious, geographical, scientific and progressive perspectives based on Western or European values, which is considered to be supreme. The beliefs transpired in the minds of scholars and European politicians as early as the 16th century, and some were extended in the writings about local history by means of the roles played by the European colonial explorers and administrators. In the process of colonising and exploiting the wealth of the indigenous people, the European explorers and administrators often created records that could explain not only the economic potentials of the area that they intend to colonise, but also depicted the inferior characteristics and civilisations of that society to justify their colonisation attempts. In the process, they produced a record of colonial history which later became key references to historians to understand and explain the traits of the indigenous peoples. The ideas behind that colonial history were not only biased as the result of exaggerating the ignorance and retrogression of the indigenous people; it even sought to undermine the wisdom and civilisation of the indigenous people. This is to highlight their own superiority and noble values when placed side by side with the values of the indigenous people. Despite the prejudice, the Eurocentric colonial history is very influential in Malaysia's historiography until this day. This study explains how the influence of thoughts has blurred the understanding of the actual traits of the indigenous peoples and create an apparent confusion over the history of Malay society.

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