scholarly journals Eurocentrism and the Historical Perception About the Malays

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Azmi Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Local History ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
British Colonialism ◽  
European Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This study examines the effects of Eurocentrism to the view of the character, nature and image of the Malays especially in the period of British colonialism in the 19th century. This research explains why Eurocentrism creates confusing and negative views of the nature, civilisation and wisdom of the indigenous people. Eurocentrism is a form of thoughts that often measures and defines non-European civilisation through historical, cultural, religious, geographical, scientific and progressive perspectives based on Western or European values, which is considered to be supreme. The beliefs transpired in the minds of scholars and European politicians as early as the 16th century, and some were extended in the writings about local history by means of the roles played by the European colonial explorers and administrators. In the process of colonising and exploiting the wealth of the indigenous people, the European explorers and administrators often created records that could explain not only the economic potentials of the area that they intend to colonise, but also depicted the inferior characteristics and civilisations of that society to justify their colonisation attempts. In the process, they produced a record of colonial history which later became key references to historians to understand and explain the traits of the indigenous peoples. The ideas behind that colonial history were not only biased as the result of exaggerating the ignorance and retrogression of the indigenous people; it even sought to undermine the wisdom and civilisation of the indigenous people. This is to highlight their own superiority and noble values when placed side by side with the values of the indigenous people. Despite the prejudice, the Eurocentric colonial history is very influential in Malaysia's historiography until this day. This study explains how the influence of thoughts has blurred the understanding of the actual traits of the indigenous peoples and create an apparent confusion over the history of Malay society.

Ashantis in Warsaw: Notions of “Blackness” in Polish Society at the Turn of the 20th Century – A Preparatory Contribution to Polish Colonial History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Łuksza
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The author recognizes Włodzimierz Perzyński’s comedy Aszantka as a meaningful remnant of „blackness” in the history of Polish theatre, and therefore she uses it as a point of entrance into a broader inquiry about the entanglement of Polish society into European colonial project, and the ideas, values, and cultural practices it entailed. That is why in the article the author attempts to reconstruct possible concepts and images of “blackness” which Warsaw dwellers might have shared at the end of the 19th century by analysing the reception of the performances of alleged representatives of Ashanti people in the Warsaw circus in 1888. From “Ashanti” performances on, the popularity of this type of entertainment – so called ethnographic shows or human zoos – grew in the colonized capital of the Kingdom of Poland. The author points to “savageness” and “nakedness” as constitutive traits of “blackness” which she understands as a specific human condition, experienced both by overseas colonized societies as well as subaltern social groups (to which “Aszantka” from Perzyński’s comedy belonged) in European societies.

The Franz Mayer Collection and the Rogerio Casas-Alatriste H. Library

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Miriam Velázquez Martínez
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Temporary Exhibitions

The existence of the Franz Mayer Museum is due to the German philanthropist and naturalized Mexican, Franz Gabriel Mayer Traumann Altschul (1882-1975), who bequeathed to the Mexican people his library and decorative arts collection. Considered the most important of its kind in the country, it includes works from the 16th through the 19th centuries, from America, Europe and Asia. It is located in Mexico City, in a building dating from the second half of the 16th century, and celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2011. The Library, which is open to researchers, is currently made up of around 22,000 volumes, and specializes in decorative arts and the history of Mexico in the 19th century, among other subjects. As well as displaying the Mayer Collection the Museum also presents temporary exhibitions on decorative arts, contemporary design and photography, while the library holds two exhibitions a year highlighting the bibliographic collections.

Californio testimonios

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaura Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Alta California ◽  
History Of ◽  
Person Account ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Pastoral Economy

Several 19th-century Californio testimonios are the product of interviews of Californio men and women made by H. H. Bancroft’s agents, looking for historical information that would be incorporated in what became, in time, Bancroft’s History of California. In their narratives, Californio informants discuss the 19th-century political and economic periods, with particular interest in the periods of Spanish, Mexican, and US colonization, which brought the dispossession and exploitation of indigenous people in California. These testimonios offer information on the treatment of the Indians within the mission, and their demise after close contact with missionaries and settlers. The role of missionaries in the colonization is also examined—the secularization of mission lands, the pastoral economy dominant in Alta California, and the subsequent dispossession of the Californios after 1848 by the Land Act of 1851, incoming US settlers and squatters, and land speculators. The testimonios offer a first-person account of numerous events, problems, and conflicts in Alta California during the 19th century.

Baltic Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Schnakenbourg
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the Early Modern era, the Baltic Sea was called the Nordic Mediterranean because of its unique outlet on the high seas and its narrowness. Like its southern counterpart, the Baltic is at the crossroads of several peoples and cultures. Also like the Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic had different populations on each of its shores, yet in another way facilitated relations and became a space for interconnections. Throughout its history, peoples from Scandinavia, Poland, Germany, Russia, and the Baltic lands developed not only all sorts of peaceful relations and exchanges, but also competed with each other in long-lasting rivalries or military confrontations. Between the 16th century and the first half of the 19th century, the Baltic region experienced dramatic internal and external changes resulting from its ever-growing connections with the rest of Europe. Baltic issues, however, did not have the same importance for all the surrounding countries: it was the only horizon for Sweden, which enjoyed sovereignty over Finland until 1809, and the main horizon for Denmark, which ruled Norway until 1814. For Scandinavians, the Baltic Sea was a necessary interface for various kinds of exchanges with the external world, whether regional neighbors or continental Europe. In one way or another, the history of the Swedish and Danish kingdoms is interwoven with the history of the Baltic. Scandinavians devoted great attention to this neighboring sea for their shipping and trade, as well as for their security and political influence. The situation is somewhat similar for the Baltic provinces (Estonia, Livonia, and Ingria), which were always under foreign rule, first Swedish then Russian, in the Early Modern period. On the other side of the sea, for the German states, the Polish Republic, and the Russian Empire, the Baltic was simply one theater of foreign policy among others, even though its importance changed over time according to the political or economic context. As for commerce, while during the Middle Ages the Baltic region traded with the rest of Europe, starting in the 16th century, the situation changed as the continental economy shifted from the Mediterranean to the northwest. European population growth and the development of long-distance shipping and commerce meant increasing needs for grain and naval stores. This created new demand for Baltic economic resources and products and for transporting those exports. Consequently, new international rivalries and struggles occurred in the Baltic. At first, these conflicts were among the regional countries, but increasingly the main European powers as well. The Baltic Sea then became an important theater for European international politics, and almost every continental war had a Baltic component. The history of the Baltic Sea from the 16th century to the middle of the 19th century must be considered from two perspectives: first, relations among the regional countries and peoples; and second, relations with the world outside the Baltic, whether foreign powers and regions or even other seas, for political, military, and trade matters.

scholarly journals A. N. Minh’s study of the history of the Saratov Volga region settlement

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-269
Author(s):  
Alla S. Mayorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Local History ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Special Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Archive ◽  
The 19Th Century

The issue of the Saratov Volga region settlement by the peasantry was covered in the first works on local history. The beginning of its special study was associated with the need to clarify the reasons for the tense social situation that had developed in the region by the middle of the 19th century. A. N. Minh’s monograph was the first attempt at a purposeful search and consolidation of evidence on peasant colonization. It opens a series of papers devoted to this problem and published by members of the Saratov Scientific Archive Commission.

scholarly journals Rangifer and human interests

Rangifer ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Human Interest ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article reviews biological and anthropological literatute on wild and tame Rangifer to demonstrate the powerful effect that this species has had on the imaginations of biologists, social scientists and local hunters. Through identifying a general 'human interest' in Rangifer, the author argues that there is great potential for these three communities to work together. To demonstrate this idea, the paper reviews several examples of successful and unsuccessful 'alliances' between local peoples and both natural and social scientists which have had a fundamental impact upon the history of these sciences. The paper examines recent theorerical models which suggest that human action is a major factor in the behaviour and ecology of the animals. The paper also analyses the ideas of many indigenous people for whom there is no categorical difference between semi-domesticated, semi-sedentary and migratory Rangifer through comparison with many 'anomalous' texts in English and Russian language wildlife biology. By reviewing the history of scholarly interest in Rangifer, the author argues that contemporary models of Rangifer behaviour and identity could be 'revitalised' and 'recalibrated' through the establishment of that dialogue between scientists and local peoples which so characterised the 19th century. Such a dialogue, it is argued, would help mediate many of the political conflicts now appearing in those districts where Rangifer migrate.

scholarly journals Numerus surdus y armonía musical. Sobre el temperamento igual y el fin del reinado pitagórico de los números

2021 ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Lianggi Espinoza ◽  
Juan Redmond ◽  
Pablo César Palacios Torres ◽  
Ismael Cortez Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The West ◽  
String Instruments ◽  
Equal Temperament ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThe development of philosophical ideas throughout history has sometimes been assisted by the use of handcrafted instruments. Some paradigmatic cases, such as the invention of the telescope or the microscope, show that many philosophical approaches have been the result of the intervention of such instruments. The aim of this article is to show the determining role that stringed musical instruments with frets had in the crisis and generation of philosophical paradigms. In fact, just as the observations of the moon with the telescope broke more than a thousand years of Aristotelian hegemony, the fretted string instruments, predecessors of the guitar, played a central role in the collapse of one of the most influential approaches in the history of Philosophy: Pythagorism. We focus on the fundamental hallmarks of Pythagorism and on how, during the 16th century and from the fretted string instruments, the mathematical-musical notion of equal temperament emerged, which from the middle of the 19th century will be established as the prevailing philosophical-musical paradigm of the West.

scholarly journals Mi forma de matar las pulgas

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-269
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mejía Prado
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Local History ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Reflective Essay

El autor ofrece un ensayo reflexivo sobre su experiencia investigativa en la realización del proyecto Historia de Bugalagrande. Describe la forma en que investigó y escribió la historia local de su terruño natal, un pueblo en el Valle del Cauca, desde el establecimiento de estancias a comienzo del siglo XVII, su transformación en hacienda y luego indivisos, hasta constituirse físicamente en un pueblo con sus calles y plazas a finales del siglo XIX. El texto referencia los apoyos teóricos, metodológicos, manejo de fuentes y la narrativa desarrollada por el autor. Las reflexiones desnudan la influencia de historiadores clásicos del marxismo inglés, la microhistoria italiana, la microhistoria mexicana e historiadores locales del Valle del Cauca. El proyecto y la experiencia se desarrollaron durante el periodo sabático del investigador.Palabras clave: Bugalagrande, teoría, metodología, fuentes, historia local.My way of killing fleas AbstractThe author offers a reflective essay on his research experience in the execution of the Historia de Bugalagrande project. He describes the way in which he researched and wrote on the local history of his native soil, a town in Valle del Cauca, from the establishing of ranches in the beginning of the 17th century, it’s transformation into an estate, and later, undivided property, until physically constituting itself into a town with its streets and plazas at the end of the 19th century. The text gives reference to the theoretical and methodological contributions, the handling of sources, and the narration developed by the author. The reflections lay bare the influence of the classical English Marxist historians, Italian microhistory, Mexican microhistory, and local historians from Valle del Cauca. The project and the experience were developed during the researcher’s sabbatical. Keywords: Bugalagrande, theory, methodology, sources, local history

scholarly journals El indigenismo de Maximiliano en México (1864-1867)

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Katalin Jancsó
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Mexican History ◽  
Community Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Liberalism ◽  
The 19Th Century

The aim of our study is to examine an interesting period of Mexican history: the empire of Maximilian I, born Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph of Austria. After a short introduction to the Hungarian historiography of the topic, the 19th century turbulent history of Mexico, the circumstances of the French intervention and the emperor’s ascendance to the throne, we concentrate on the analysis of Maximilian’s attitude towards indigenous people. Influenced by French socialists, Maria Theresa’s illustrated absolutism and contemporary liberalism, the emperor tried to alleviate the painful effects of liberal reforms introduced in 1856. He himself introduced several reforms, especially in land property questions and community rights. He created a protection committee for miserable classes, whose work helped him take several measurements in favour of Mexican indigenous people. Nevertheless, the empire was doomed to fail. Maximilian and his generals were executed in June, 1867, which also meant the end of an important period of battles between liberals and conservatives.

scholarly journals (Dis)Empowerment of Native Americans in Orson Scott Card’s The Tales of Alvin Maker

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weronika Łaszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indigenous Sovereignty

The aim of this article is to analyze the portrayal of Native Americans in Orson Scott Card’s The Tales of Alvin Maker (1987-2003). The series is an alternative history of America in the early 19th century, which allows Card to condemn the country’s colonial history, particularly the institution of slavery and the plight of Native Americans. Nevertheless, in spite of his obvious sympathy for Native Americans, Card does not manage to avoid all of the traps awaiting a non-Native author writing about Indigenous people. The following article examines the series’ portrayal of Native Americans, demonstrating how the author both empowers his Indigenous characters and undermines their empowerment. The framework for the proposed analysis is provided by Gerald Vizenor’s theories regarding the simulation of Native presence in dominant culture, the persistence of stereotypical indians, the concept of survivance, and the possible retrieval of Indigenous sovereignty.

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