Political Commitment, Institutional Capacity and Urban Transport Governance Reform in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

A contextual approach to Light-Rail Transport (LRT) needs to be tailored towards specific contexts, in terms of situations or contingencies, such as socio-economic and environmental factors. This research intends to discuss the societal benefits comprised of well-informed contextual factors for policymakers and urban transport authorities, to enable them to be able to formulate objective policies for a city’s socio-economic development. The aim of this article is to analyze the contextual factors in three cities which are responsible for the contextualization of infrastructural innovations of urban light-rail transport from China. The methodology that has been used is a qualitative method using multiple case studies, which includes a pilot and semi-structured interview. The analysis compares the similarities and differences within Nigeria, and between Nigeria and Ethiopia. The most perceptible contextual factors which influence infrastructural innovations in Nigeria include an electric energy supply, modernization of LRT and their stations, Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), and seamless integration of LRT with other transport modes. The most conspicuous factors in Ethiopia are emergency ticket shops, seamless integration of LRT with other transport modes, and Non-Motorized Transport (NMT). Nigeria and Ethiopia both share the seamless integration of LRT with other transport modes. Therefore, academically analyzing contextual factors helps to unravel the poly-contextualization and context-specific decision-making processes in LRT implementation.

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Health system capacity and readiness for delivery of integrated non-communicable disease services in primary health care: A qualitative analysis of the Ethiopian experience

PLOS Global Public Health ◽

10.1371/journal.pgph.0000026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (10) ◽

pp. e0000026

Author(s):

Azeb Gebresilassie Tesema ◽

Seye Abimbola ◽

Afework Mulugeta ◽

Whenayon S. Ajisegiri ◽

Padmanesan Narasimhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Health System ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

System Capacity ◽

World Health ◽

Political Commitment ◽

District Health ◽

Primary Health

Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) now account for about 71% and 32% of all the deaths globally and in Ethiopia. Primary health care (PHC) is a vital instrument to address the ever-increasing burden of NCDs and is the best strategy for delivering integrated and equitable NCD care. We explored the capacity and readiness of Ethiopia’s PHC system to deliver integrated, people-centred NCD services. Methods A qualitative study was conducted in two regions and Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We carried out twenty-two key informant interviews with national and regional policymakers, officials from a partner organisation, woreda/district health office managers and coordinators, and PHC workers. Data were coded and thematically analysed using the World Health Organization (WHO) Operational Framework for PHC. Results Although the rising NCD burden is well recognised in Ethiopia, and the country has NCD-specific strategies and some interventions in place, we identified critical gaps in several levers of the WHO Operational Framework. Many compared the under-investment in NCDs contrasted with Ethiopia’s successful PHC models established for maternal and child health and communicable disease programs. Insufficient political commitment and leadership required to integrate NCD services at the PHC level and weaknesses in governance structures, inter-sectoral coordination, and funding for NCDs were identified as significant barriers to strengthening PHC capacity to address NCDs. Among the operational-focussed levers, fragmented information management systems and inadequate equipment and medicines were identified as critical bottlenecks. The PHC workforce was also considered insufficiently skilled and supported to provide NCD services in PHC facilities. Conclusion Strengthening NCD prevention and control through PHC in Ethiopia requires greater political commitment and investment at all health system levels. Prior success strategies with other PHC programs could be adapted and applied to NCD policies and practice, giving due consideration for the unique nature of the NCD program.

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KONSEP PENINGKATAN KUANTITAS DAN KUALITAS PROGRAM LEGISLASI NASIONAL: REKOMENDASI KONSEPTUAL DAN KEBIJAKAN PADA PROLEGNAS 2015-2019

Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional ◽

10.33331/rechtsvinding.v4i3.13 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 399

Author(s):

Muh Risnain

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Framework ◽

House Of Representatives ◽

Institutional Capacity ◽

Political Commitment ◽

Crucial Issue ◽

National Legislation ◽

The Government ◽

Draft Bill ◽

The Impact

<p>Rendahnya capaian Prolegnas baik dari sisi kuantitas maupun kualitas pada dua periode Program Legislasi Nasional (Prolegnas): periode 2005-2009 dan periode 2010-2014, merupakan persoalan krusial pembangunan hukum yang harus dipecahkan. Dampaknya bukan saja minimnya capaian Prolegnas, tetapi pada eksistensi negara hukum Indonesia. Penelitian mengidentitifikasi dua permasalahan, Pertama , apa saja hal-hal yang menghambat tercapainya target Prolegnas pada periode 2005-2009 dan periode 2010-2014? Kedua , bagaimanakah konsep peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas Prolegnas pada masa yang akan datang? Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan kualitas Prolegnas, maka ketika pembahasan Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) oleh DPR, Pemerintah dan DPD hendaknya memperhatikan hal-hal: harmonisasi vertikal materi RUU dengan UUD NRI 1945 dan harmonisasi horizontal RUU dengan peraturan perundang-undangan, tingkat urgensitas dan kompatibilitas materi muatan undang-undang, dan peningkatan kapasitas legislative drafting anggota legislatif. Untuk menjamin peningkatan kuantitas Prolegnas, maka hendaknya ketika penyusunan RUU yang masuk menjadi bagian Prolegnas DPR, Pemerintah maupun DPD memperhatikan kapasitas kelembagaan DPR dengan target Prolegnas yang akan dicapai, mengkaji secara mendalam kerangka konseptual, landasan filosofis, landasan yuridis maupun landasan sosiologis keberadaan RUU, dan komitmen politik secara kelembagaan baik Pemerintah, DPR maupun DPD dalam menyelesaikan Prolegnas.</p><p>Low Prolegnas achievements both in terms of quantity and quality in the two periods of the National Legislation Program (Prolegnas): 2005-2009 and 2010-2014, is a crucial issue of law development that must be solved. The impact is not only the lack of achievement Prolegnas but the existence of the state of Indonesian law. This research identified two problems, first, what are the things that hinder the achievement of the Prolegnas target in the period 2005-2009 and the period 2010- 2014? Second, how is the concept of improving the quality and quantity of Legislation in the future? This type of research is a normative juridical research. The study concluded that in order to improve the quality of Prolegnas then the Government and Regional Representatives Council (DPD) in the discussion of each bill by the House of Representatives (DPR), should pay attention to things, such as: the vertical harmonization of each Draft Bill’s substance with the 1945 Constitution and the horizontal harmonization with legislation, the level of urgency and the compatibility of the laws’ substance, and the legislative drafting capacity of legislatures. To improve the quantity of Prolegnas, in the drafting of each Draft Bill that is in the Prolegnas, the Government and the DPD should pay attention to things, such as: the institutional capacity of the DPR with the Prolegnas target to be achieved, do an in depth conceptual framework studies, philosophical, juridical and sociological basis of the existence of the Draft Bill, and institutional political commitment of the Government, DPR and DPD in resolving Prolegnas.</p>

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Strengthening capacity to use research evidence in health sector policy-making: experience from Kenya and Malawi

Health Research Policy and Systems ◽

10.1186/s12961-019-0511-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rose N. Oronje ◽

Violet I. Murunga ◽

Eliya M. Zulu

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

International Development ◽

Research Evidence ◽

Critical Mass ◽

Health Sector ◽

Institutional Capacity ◽

Political Commitment ◽

Evidence Use ◽

Service Training ◽

Training Programmes

Abstract Background Among the many barriers to evidence use in decision-making, weak capacity for evidence use has attracted a lot of focus in the last decade. The study aims to inform and enrich ongoing and future efforts to strengthen capacity for evidence use by presenting and discussing the experiences and lessons of a project implemented in Kenya and Malawi to strengthen individual and institutional capacity for evidence use within the ministries of health (MoHs). Methods This paper draws on the internal and external evaluations of a 3-year project funded by the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development, the Strengthening Capacity to Use Research Evidence in Health Policy (SECURE Health). To strengthen individual capacity, the project implemented a training and mentorship programme for 60 mid-level policy-makers in the two MoHs. To strengthen institutional capacity, the project conducted sustained advocacy with top leaders to strengthen structures that enable evidence-informed decision-making (EIDM), supported Kenya to develop research-for-health policies and priorities, supported Malawi to review the implementation of its health research agenda, developed EIDM guidelines for both MoHs, and supported bi-annual evidence dialogues to improve interactions and raise the profile of evidence. Internal evaluation included baseline and endline surveys (93 baseline and 92 endline interviews), 60 in-depth interviews, and intervention-specific evaluations (pre–post tests for training workshops, feedback forms for policy dialogues and tracking effects of advocacy efforts). The external evaluation was implemented alongside project implementation, conducting three annual evaluations. Results The results show that training and mentorship programmes in EIDM were effective in improving competencies of civil servants. However, such programmes need to train a critical mass to be effective in enhancing EIDM practice at the MoHs. On strengthening institutional capacity for EIDM, while the project achieved some success, it did not realise long-lasting effects because of its limited time of implementation and limited focus on sustained political economy analysis, which meant that the intervention was negatively affected by frequently changing interests within the MoHs. Conclusions Although training and mentorship are effective in improving EIDM competencies, they need to be incorporated in existing pre-service and in-service training programmes for sustainability. Strengthening institutional capacity for evidence use is complex and needs sustained political commitment and long-term investments.

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Assessing the Contributions of Urban Light Rail Transit to the Sustainable Development of Addis Ababa

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13105667 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 5667

Author(s):

Jackson Sekasi ◽

Mauro Luiz Martens

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Social Dimension ◽

Light Rail ◽

Rail Transit ◽

Light Rail Transit ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

African Cities

Many of the existing urban transport infrastructures in developing African cities are challenged by the mobility demands of their ever-increasing population and increased vehicle capacity. To address these transportation challenges, the Federal government of Ethiopia through the Ethiopian Railway Corporation (ERC) constructed and operates the Addis Ababa light rail transit (AA-LRT). Currently, many other African cities are following in action. This study aims to assess the contributions to sustainable development derived from the services of urban light rail in Addis Ababa. Cross-sectional quantitative research by means of a structured questionnaire survey considering key variables of social, economic, and environmental transport sustainability dimensions was conducted in Addis Ababa. Dimension-wise, the collected data was then analysed in order to measure the contributions made by AA-LRT and to identify the relations amongst each considered variable and each sustainability dimension. The findings of the study indicate a high level of perceived contributions of the economic sustainability dimension as compared to social and environmental sustainability. The study suggests an improved consideration of the environmental and social dimension for a holistic approach to transport sustainability of the city.

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Der klinische Verlauf von 1600 PatientInnen mit Mammakarzinom am Tikur Anbessa Universitäts-Krankenhaus Addis Ababa/Äthiopien

Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde ◽

10.1055/s-0031-1286436 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 71 (08) ◽

Author(s):

P Zerche ◽

J Schneider ◽

A Reeler ◽

A Stang ◽

C Thomssen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Addis Ababa

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Concatenation of Circumstances or Historical Regularity?

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2009-7-75-84 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 75-84

Author(s):

V. Popov

Keyword(s):

Transition Economies ◽

Government Expenditure ◽

Previous History ◽

Shock Therapy ◽

Economic Liberalization ◽

Institutional Capacity ◽

Government Failure ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Optimal Policies ◽

Cis Countries

Why have many transition economies succeeded by pursuing policies which are so different from the radical economic liberalization (shock therapy) that is normally credited for the economic success of countries of Central Europe? First, optimal policies are context dependent, they are specific for each stage of development and what worked in Slovenia cannot be expected to work in Mongolia. Second, even for the countries with the same level of development reforms that are necessary to stimulate growth are different; they depend on the previous history and on the path chosen. The reduction of government expenditure as a share of GDP did not undermine significantly the institutional capacity of the state in China, but in Russia and other CIS countries it turned out to be ruinous. The art of the policymaker is to create markets without causing government failure, as happened in many CIS countries.

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