scholarly journals Effect of Protein to Metabolizable Energy Ratio in Pineapple Waste Silage-Based Diets on Performance of Holstein Heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suntorn Wittayakun ◽  
W. Innaree ◽  
S. Innaree ◽  
W. Chainetr ◽  
N. Kongngoen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Pineapple Waste

The effects of live weight at weaning on growth rate and carcass composition at different stages of maturity in Scottish Blackface lambs fed on two different diets

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Doney ◽  
J. A. Milne ◽  
T. J. Maxwell ◽  
Angela M. Sibbald ◽  
A. D. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTThe effects of live weight at weaning on carcass composition were studied with 104 Scottish Blackface lambs offered two diets differing in protein: energy ratio. Groups of lambs were slaughtered at initial live weights of 24·1 (s.e. 1·48) kg (LL) and 28·9 (s.e. 1·67) kg (IL) and at 33 kg, 38 kg, 43 kg, 53 kg and mature live weight.Lambs were offered two diets — low protein: energy ratio (LP, 122 g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter (DM): 10·4 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg DM) and high protein: energy ratio (HP, 176 g CP per kg DM: 10·4 MJ ME per kg DM). The LP diet was offeredad libitumand the HP diet was restricted to a similar mean level. Muscle, fat and bone tissues in the carcass were separated and weighed and the carcass and non-carcass component tissues were analysed for chemical fat, protein and ash.Daily live-weight gain (DLWG) of HP lambs (148 (s.e. 8·1) g/day) was significantly higher than that of LP lambs (118 (s.e. 8·1) g/day;P< 0·05) and food conversion ratios were lower up to a live weight of 43 kg (P< 0·05). There were no differences in intake or DLWG between LL and IL lambs. Mature live weight (73·3 (s.e. 1·79) kg) was not related to weaning weight or post-weaning diet.There was no effect of diet on carcass composition at any slaughter weight but LL lambs had a higher fat proportion than IL lambs, which was significant (P< 0·05) at 33 kg only. During the feeding period, the increment of fat tissue per unit increase in live weight (348 (s.e. 15·8) g/kg LW) was not affected by live weight at the start of the diet. The difference between LL and IL lambs in fat proportion was directly related to the difference in weight gain required to reach slaughter weight. The difference was not a function of stage of maturity but only of weaning weight, itself largely determined by pre-weaning nutrition. At higher slaughter weights the relative difference decreased and became non-significant. Hence lambs lighter at weaning would be less suitable than heavier lambs for the production of light-weight lean carcasses.

Nutrition of the early-weaned calf. XI. Intake of diets differing in energy concentration

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
N. A. MacLeod ◽  
Margaret McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Low Energy Diet

SUMMARY1. A growth and digestibility trial was carried out with 27 British Friesian calves given diets having either 3·1, 2·8 or 2·4 Meal metabolizable energy per kg dry matter and either the same concentration of protein or the same protein-to-energy ratio.2. Daily dry-matter intake and rate of gain in live weight increased significantly as the energy concentration of the diet was reduced. There were no significant differences in digestible-energy intake between calves given the different diets, although the trend was the same as for dry-matter intake.3. Both dry-matter digestibility and energy digestibility were lowest for the low-energy diet.

Utilization of nutrients by the dairy cow and optimal N:energy ratio in the diet

1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Paquay ◽  
J. M. Godeau ◽  
R. De Baere ◽  
A. Lousse
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Friesian Cows

SummaryThe dietary and individual animal factors influencing the utilization of digestible nitrogen and of metabolizable energy for milk production were studied and change in the optimal nitrogen:energy ratio during lactation was investigated using 35 different experimental diets and the individual results obtained from 119 Friesian cows whose daily milk production varied from 4 to 30kg.The amount of N secreted in the milk and the daily milk production depended above all on the metabolizable energy intake and on the stage of lactation. They were related to the dietary N: energy ratio.The percentages of digestible N and of metabolizable energy utilized for milk production were also related to the dietary digestible N: metabolizable energy ratio of the diet.The optimal digestible N:metabolizable energy ratio ranged from about 2·2g/MJ during the first 3 months of lactation to about 1·7g/MJ in the sixth and seventh months and 1·3g/MJ from the tenth month. When expressed in g N intake per MJ energy intake, this optimal ratio ranged from 1·6 after calving to 1·1 at the end of lactation.

Productivity of the forage of perennial grasses and their mixtures on drained peatlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
V.H. Kurhak ◽  
M.I. Shtakal ◽  
V.M. Shtakal
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
High Productivity

There showed the productivity, chemical composition of feed and the timing of mowing of grass and variety mixes of permanent grasses on drained peat soils of Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The presence of early rip­ ened seeded grass provides a uniform supply use mowed mass from middle May until the end of September and the productivity of lands, which ranges from 10 to 14 t/ha of dry weight, metabolizable energy – 100.0 – 130.0 GJ and feed units 7-11 t/ha. Additional manuring of N90 on the background Р45К120 is effective at the start of second year of use. On the organization of hay conveyors of different ripening time herbages is possible to extend the optimal tim­ ing of mowing of green mass to 25-35 days. Best among the early-maturing grass crops are Dactylis glomerata va­ riety Kyivska rannia-1 with Alopecurus pratensis variety Sarnenskiy ranniy or its mixture with Bromus inermis and Festuca pratensis. With medium ripening – pure sowing eastern fescue of variety Lyudmila, Phalaris arundinacea variety Sarnenski-40, Bromus inermis variety Arsen and their compounds. High productivity of late-ripening herb­ age is provided by the inclusion in the composition of grass mixtures of Phleum pratense L. variety Vyshgorodska and Dactylis glomerata of variety Ukrainka, and Agrostis gigantea Roth variety Sarnenska piznia. It is also possible organization hay conveyors of different ripening varieties of Dactylis glomerata varieties Kyivska rannia, Muravka, Ukrainka.

ВЛИЯНИЕ БИОКОНСЕРВАНТА «СИЛОСТАН» НА КАЧЕСТВО СЕНАЖА ИЗ КОЗЛЯТНИКА ВОСТОЧНОГО И СЫРОПРИГОДНОСТЬ МОЛОКА КОРОВ

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
A.S. KARAMAEVA ◽  
N.V. SOBOLEVA ◽  
S.V. KARAMAEV
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Milk Coagulation ◽  
Dry Substance

От породы коров и ее особенностей зависят эффективность использования кормов, качество и технологические свойства молока. Материалом исследований служили коровы чернопестрой голштинской и айрширской пород. Для повышения качества сенажа из козлятника восточного использовали микробиологический препарат. В готовом корме с биоконсервантом содержание сухого вещества было выше на 3,66, обменной энергии на 8,04, сырого протеина на 10,86, переваримого протеина на 13,59. Улучшение качества корма оказало положительное влияние на метаболические процессы в рубце подопытных коров. Независимо от технологии приготовления сенажа коровы айрширской породы лучше переваривали, по сравнению с голштинами, сухое вещество на 2,062,91 (Р0,05), органическое на 1,212,04 (Р0,05), сырой протеин на 2,222,49 (Р0,05), БЭВ на 0,921,36, но при этом голштины лучше переваривали сырой жир на 2,732,78 (Р0,05) и сырую клетчатку на 1,551,86. В результате внесения в сенаж биоконсерванта Силостан и улучшения переваримости корма у коров опытных групп значительно улучшился химический состав и технологические свойства молока. Очень важно для сыроделия, что в молоке коров, получавших в рационе сенаж с биоконсервантом, повышается массовая доля казеина на 2,42,7, а доля сывороточных белков и фракции казеина, которые не свертываются под действием сычужного фермента, наоборот, снижается на 1,41,5 и на 0,30,9, соответственно. Уменьшается продолжительность свертывания молока сычужным ферментом, снижаются потери сухого вещества с сывороткой, и увеличивается выход казеинового сгустка. Плотность казеинового сгустка повышается в молоке голштинских коров на 14,3, айрширских на 5,7 и составляет, соответственно, 1,92 и 2,96 г/см2.The efficiency of feed use, the quality, as well as technological properties of milk depend on cow breed and its characteristics. Blackandwhite Holstein and Ayrshire breeds were used as the material for research. Microbiological preparation was used to increase the quality of halyage made of Eastern galega. The content of dry substance in the readymade feed was 3.66 higher, the metabolizable energy 8.04 higher, raw protein 10.86 higher, and digestible protein 13.59. Improvement of feed quality positively influenced the metabolic processes in the rumen of experimental cows. Without regard to the technology of halyage preparation, cows of Ayrshire breed showed betterdigestion of dry substance by 2.06 2.91 (P0.05) than Holstein cows, organic substance by 1.21 2.04 (P0.05), raw protein by 2.22 2.49 (P0.05), nitrogenfree extractive fraction by 0.92 1.36, but Holstein breed showed better digestion of raw fat by 2.73 2.78 (P0.05) and raw fiber by 1.55 1.86. Chemical composition and technological properties of milk improved significantly as a result of addition of Silostan biopreservative to the halyage and improvement of feed digestibility in cows from test groups. The fact that the mass percentage of casein is increased by 2.4 2.7, and the share of serum proteins and ycasein fractions which do not coagulate under the influence of enzyme rennet is inversely decreased by 1.4 1.5 and 0.3 0.9, accordingly, is very important for cheese making. The duration of milk coagulation with rennet is decreased, the loss of dry substance with serum is decreased, and the yield of casein coagulate is increased. Density of casein coagulate is increased in the milk of Holstein cows by 14.3, Ayrshire cows by 5.7, and equals to 1.92 and 2.96 g/cm2, accordingly.

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