scholarly journals “The Lord Breathed On The Face Of Underworld”: Maximilian Voloshin and Kabbala

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-149
Author(s):  
K.Yu. Burmistrov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
Written Sources

The acquaintance of Maximilian Aleksandrovich Voloshin (1877–1932), one of the central figures in the history of Russian culture in the first third of the twentieth century, with the tradition of Western European esotericism, as well as with the concepts of Jewish Kabbalah, is still poorly understood. At the same time, it is known that they played an important role in his worldview and creativity. The article offers an analysis of several topics related to Kabbalah, which had a noticeable impact on the work of Voloshin. Particular attention is paid to the problem of establishing written sources of borrowings and interpretations of Kabbalistic ideas, clarifying concepts, as well as ways of transmitting elements of Kabbalah among European and Russian esotericists. Through the study of various works of Voloshin, his diary entries, drafts and correspondence, the names of esoteric authors who are especially important for the study of this topic have been identified (E.P. Blavatsky, A. Fabre d'Olivet, A. Franck, Eliphas Levi and etc.). Through a thorough analysis of the methods of perception and transmission of the ideas of Kabbalah among European esotericists, it was shown that, strange as it may seem, the result of studying such sources and their interpretation by Voloshin was a fairly accurate and adequate use of Kabbalistic concepts both in theoretical works and in poetry.

Filthy Material

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Forster
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Media ◽  
Twentieth Century Literature ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
Literary Value ◽  
Radclyffe Hall ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

Modernist literature is inextricable from the history of obscenity. The trials of such figures as James Joyce, D. H. Lawrence, and Radclyffe Hall loom large in accounts of twentieth-century literature. Filthy Material: Modernism and the Media of Obscenity reveals the ways that debates about obscenity and literature were shaped by changes in the history of media. The emergence of film, photography, and new printing technologies shaped how “literary value” was understood, altering how obscenity was defined and which texts were considered obscene. Filthy Material rereads the history of modernist obscenity to discover the role played by technological media in debates about obscenity. The shift from the intense censorship of the early twentieth century to the effective “end of obscenity” for literature at the middle of the century was not simply a product of cultural liberalization but also of a changing media ecology. Filthy Material brings together media theory and archival research to offer a fresh account of modernist obscenity with novel readings of works of modernist literature. It sheds new light on figures at the center of modernism’s obscenity trials (such as Joyce and Lawrence), demonstrates the relevance of the discourse of obscenity to understanding figures not typically associated with obscenity debates (such as T. S. Eliot and Wyndham Lewis), and introduces new figures to our account of modernism (such as Norah James and Jack Kahane). It reveals how modernist obscenity reflected a contest over the literary in the face of new media technologies.

scholarly journals Sources on the Title Heraldry of Muscovy of the Second Half of the 17th century

2019 ◽  
pp. 344-356
Author(s):  
Evgeniy V. Pchelov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Important Stage ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
Coats Of Arms ◽  
Written Sources

An important stage in creation and unification of title emblems of Muscovy is connected with the war between Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and further changes of the title during the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. At the turn of 1660s-1670s, a number of new title emblems appeared, while the old ones underwent yet another transformation. When creating new emblems, the Western European models were considered and in some ways the title emblems acquired a more pronounced heraldic character. Thus, some new emblems could have originated in the heraldry of the Scandinavian countries and the Holy Roman Empire, other, such as the Siberian coat of arms, combined heraldic symbols of the regions in the aggregate. In a number of earlier emblems Christian semantics were reinforced. Such Christian symbols as hand emerging from clouds, cross, gospel, banner with cross, etc. were added. Christian semantics of the titular heraldry are evident in the heraldic virsi (verses) written at the end of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich. Despite the fact that the finished complex of title emblems was presented in the “Titulyarnik” of 1672, the old or different versions persisted, which proves the variable nature of title heraldry in the second half of the 17th century. Images of the title coats of arms in three illustrated copies of the “Titulyarnik” display unity, but some differences in detail allow to work out ownership of each copy. “Titulyarnik” was probably the first Russian land coat of arms, even if images of title coats of arms on some regals (saadaks, plates) still retained features of the old visual tradition. The existing complex of the title coats of arms was recorded in the late 17th century in several written sources with heraldic images. The complex of preserved heraldic sources allows to reconstruct the history of the title heraldry in Muscovy in its entirety and to identify main stages in its evolution.

scholarly journals Unconventional And Nonclassical Stylistics In Modernism

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
N. B. Mukhitdinova ◽  
◽  
M. A. Mamarasulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American Literature ◽  
World Literature ◽  
General Description ◽  
Western Literature ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European

This article examines the history of the entry of modernism into world literature and the stories which based on a literary-theoretical process that took place in Western European and American literature. The article first analyzes how fiction and the international literary process developed in the twentieth century, as well as which currents took the lead in this direction. It is stated that the main goal is that this movement, which changed the socio-political and artistic views in the twentieth century, was opposed by critics and developed and has maintained its original place to this day. This article summarizes the existence of the direction of modernism as the style of the general description of Western literature and art in several dimensions in the twentieth century and the meaning of it.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ussishkin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
British Army ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Collective Capacity

THIS BOOK TELLS the history of a concept that since the middle of the twentieth century has become ubiquitous and potent. We understand morale to be an important, if not the most important, determinant of conduct. It is seen as the foundation of proper management, which aims at increasing collective capacity of a defined group, usually in the face of a difficulty or challenge. Such groups may be experienced as one of immediate nature (such as a platoon) or as a more remote, abstract, or imagined one (a large factory, a nation, a group defined by occupation). Primarily, morale is understood as determinant of capacity in ways that are seemingly self-evident. British Army Doctrine Publication, for instance, tells us that “no doctrine, plan or formula for conducting warfare or other military actions is likely to succeed without the maintenance of morale.”...

Geopolitics of the Chinese Communist Party in the Twentieth Century

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieli Li
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Resource Mobilization ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Party State

Geopolitical theory is employed to address the question of why the Chinese Communist Party-state persists, despite Western pressures stemming from the suppression of student demonstrators in “Tienanmen Square” in 1989. As the theory postulates, macro dynamic forces revolving around the geopolitical processes are crucial to the resource mobilization and legitimacy of the state. The entire history of the Chinese Communist Party is reviewed in order to document the conclusion that changes in the geopolitical position of the Party are associated with periods of internal strength and weakness. Since 1979, the Chinese Communist Party-state has been increasingly favored by geopolitical circumstances, thereby facilitating its internal strength even in the face of Western pressures, potential for internal dissent, and collapse of the Soviet empire. As long as this favorable geopolitical trend continues, the Chinese Communist Party will likely exist as a ruling political force in China.

scholarly journals Alexey Remizov and Boris Savinkov: A History of Relationship in Letters and Memoirs

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-379
Author(s):  
Alla M. Gracheva
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The article reveals a history of relations between A.M. Remizov and B.V. Savinkov from 1901 to 1924. Their friendly contacts that were established during their Vologda exile were temporarily interrupted by the struggle for the fate of Remizov’s bride, Serafima Dovgello. In the second half of the 1900s, Remizov acted as the maitre of the famous revolutionary and novice writer Savinkov. In the 1910s, their communication was interrupted. Savinkov and Remizov met in 1917 in Petrograd. They disagreed in their attitude towards October Revolution. Their last rapprochement took place in Paris in the early 1920s, when both were going through a difficult period of accommodation to the world of the Russian post-revolutionary emigration. After Savinkov’s death, his image repeatedly appeared in Remizov’s works of the 1925–1940s. The history of their relationship significantly complements the understanding of the parameters of Russian culture at the beginning of the twentieth century. The article is followed up by the first publication of the correspondence between Remizov and Savinkov and obscure memoirs of him by A.M. and S.P. Remizovs.

Russomania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Beasley
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
British Modernism ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
French And English ◽  
History Of

Russomania: Russian Culture and the Creation of British Modernism provides a new account of modernist literature’s emergence in Britain. British writers played a central role in the dissemination of Russian literature and culture during the early twentieth century, and their writing was transformed by the encounter. This study restores the thick history of that moment, by analyzing networks of dissemination and reception to recover the role of neglected as well as canonical figures, and institutions as well as individuals. The dominant account of British modernism privileges a Francophile genealogy, but the turn-of-the century debate about the future of British writing was a triangular debate, a debate not only between French and English models, but between French, English, and Russian models. Francophile modernists associated Russian literature, especially the Tolstoyan novel, with an uncritical immersion in ‘life’ at the expense of a mastery of style, and while individual works might be admired, Russian literature as a whole was represented as a dangerous model for British writing. This supposed danger was closely bound up with the politics of the period, and this book investigates how Russian culture was deployed in the close relationships between writers, editors, and politicians who made up the early twentieth-century intellectual class—the British intelligentsia. Russomania argues that the most significant impact of Russian culture is not to be found in stylistic borrowings between canonical authors, but in the shaping of the major intellectual questions of the period: the relation between language and action, writer and audience, and the work of art and lived experience. The resulting account brings an occluded genealogy of early modernism to the fore, with a different arrangement of protagonists, different critical values, and stronger lines of connection to the realist experiments of the Victorian past, and the anti-formalism and revived romanticism of the 1930s and 1940s future.

The scientist and the advertisement: Reklamegutachten in imperial Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-532
Author(s):  
Joris Mercelis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Knowledge Service ◽  
Institutional Integrity ◽  
Imperial Germany ◽  
The Face ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Germany, the integration of product-evaluating certificates and reports ( Gutachten) into advertisements triggered repeated condemnations of “advertisement- Gutachten” ( Reklamegutachten), and scientists and science administrators introduced various restrictions to prevent the appearance of such documents. At the same time, the provision of Gutachten to private individuals and firms seemed crucial to the success of many private and public laboratories. Some chemical and other professionals, moreover, argued that the authoring and use of Reklamegutachten could represent a “scientific” and, therefore, ethical practice. By examining the contested history of the advertisement- Gutachten, this article reveals how a previously tolerated knowledge service lost its legitimacy in a particular place and period of time, and highlights the challenges of eliminating this practice or restoring its legitimacy afterward. The article also explores how professional scientists’ approaches to maintaining a reputation for integrity in the face of commercial and competitive pressures related to the better-known efforts of professionals in other fields, particularly the medical. I emphasize that, in determining whether a Gutachten qualified as scientific, the nature and transparency of the underlying research process was only one of the criteria that were considered, and often not the most significant yardstick. At the same time, however, ideas about the personal and professional/institutional integrity of providers of Gutachten were inextricably connected with assessments of the honesty and objectivity of their research.

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