scholarly journals The Legacy of CIAM in the Netherlands: Continuity and Innovation in Dutch Housing Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Komossa ◽  
Martin Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Dutch Housing ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Urban Issues ◽  
Morphological Transformations ◽  
The Relationship

This article discusses how CIAM (Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne) influenced Dutch housing and urban planning. It starts by looking at programs and policies of the 1920s and 1930s Dutch housing design, and the way in which the new ideas of CIAM were there incorporated. In this history, the design of the AUP (Algemeen Uitbreidingsplan Amsterdam, or the General Extension Plan) is crucial, marking the transition into a new spatial model for large scale housing areas. CIAM thinking and its successor, TEAM X, strongly influenced the idea of the social-cultural city before and directly after WWII. This becomes evident in the urban extensions of Amsterdam and Rotterdam. This practice influenced urban planning and housing design and culminated during the 1970s in the design of the Bijlmermeer. Though legendary and still detectable in the urban developments of Amsterdam and Rotterdam, CIAM thinking came forward as both visionary and problematic. This article will trace the CIAM history in these two cities to depict concepts of innovation, but also continuities in modern housing design and planning practices by focusing on spatial models, typo-morphological transformations, and ideals vis- à-vis the urban public realm. In addition to relevant writings, typo-morphological maps, drawings and street photography also serve as tools of analysis and interpretation. The article will conclude with some future perspectives regarding the relationship between the CIAM legacy and contemporary urban issues.

Institutional Ethnography and Exploring the Social

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-140
Author(s):  
Amal Adel Abdrabo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Institutional Ethnography ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Egyptian Government ◽  
Global Agenda ◽  
Developmental Policies ◽  
The Relationship

There is a new trend taking place in Egypt over the last decades that is attempting to establish a new culture of development arguing for a knowledge-based development of Egyptian society. Consequently, Egyptian society has begun to witness the emergence of different policies, national strategies, and mega development projects that try to translate these policies into reality. But the question that remains is what type of knowledge, and in which context, should be developed? In this vein, this research serves two purposes. First, it contests the notion of knowledge while using a new method of inquiry that creates an opening for an alternative-more-humanized sociology that opposes the dominant sociological perspective that studies people as quantitative objects. The research uses institutional ethnography to provide new-actor-related insights and interpretations while exploring the social momentum within Egyptian society. Second, the research seeks to investigate the relationship between the desire to transform Egypt into a knowledge-based society through the knowledge precincts projects, following the global agenda, and the creation of a political, social, and cultural environment that allows knowledge to thrive, leading to more social justice and equity. In the end, the research asks: What is the definition of ‘knowledge' provided by the Egyptian government through its different developmental policies? How does it function inside the knowledge precincts projects? It also asks: Does Egypt's commitment to large scale programs through knowledge precincts reveal an authoritarian inclination?

Tomorrow I’ll Be at the Table: Black Geographies and Urban Planning: A Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-474
Author(s):  
Anna Livia Brand ◽  
Charles Miller
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Professional Practices ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Everyday Work ◽  
Black Geographies ◽  
The Relationship

This article reviews the literature on black geographies as it relates to the everyday work of urban planners. We outline the major claims and contributions of this scholarship to deepen our understanding of the relationship between the social and physical worlds. This article argues that this literature is a critical, yet missing, contribution to the field of urban planning because it provides different ways of knowing and understanding the experience of racial difference and therefore challenges us to invite more diverse views to the table and build more informed professional practices, pedagogical foundations, and empirical scholarship.

scholarly journals Good to be disliked? Exploring the relationship between disapproval of organizations and job satisfaction in the French context

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Roulet
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Value ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research has found that a positive relationship exists between favourable perception of a firm and employees’ job satisfaction: the more positively an organization is perceived, the happier are its workers. However, the current literature has overlooked the consequences of a negative corporate image or disapproval of organizations. Building on the concept of organizational identification and the social identity literature, we fill in this gap and counterintuitively argue that employees are more likely to identify and align with their organizations when it faces illegitimate criticism. We test our hypotheses on a large-scale survey collected in France and find that perception of disapproval of an organization has indeed an adverse effect on job satisfaction. However, if employees perceive criticism as illegitimate, job satisfaction is positively impacted. This study suggests the existence of micro-level social identity reactions in case of unjustified disapprobation: employees stick together and hold the line against criticism, strengthening the collective identity and adding positive emotional value to the work experience.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Events as Catalysts for Creating Mutual Dependence Between Social Ventures and Resource Providers

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 470-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McNamara ◽  
Federica Pazzaglia ◽  
Karan Sonpar
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Resource Mobilization ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Venture ◽  
Social Ventures ◽  
The Relationship

We examine the resource mobilization efforts undertaken by a social venture to organize the 2003 Special Olympics World Summer Games and bring about a change in social attitudes towards the cause of learning and intellectual disabilities. In contrast to previously advanced views of social ventures as powerless actors, we find instead that they are able to leverage the visibility afforded by large-scale events to create positions of mutual dependence, which allow them to access broad support bases and assert themselves in relationships with external parties. Specifically, we find that resource mobilization involves six distinct tactics rooted in the softer forms of power, namely, attraction and inducement. The use of these soft-power tactics depends upon the social venture’s goal at different moments of the relationship with its partners and the level of support available from each external party. Our elaborated theory highlights both the role and limitations of soft power in mobilizing resources and managing relationships.

scholarly journals Contextual polarity and influence mining in online social networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Alzahrani ◽  
Subrata Acharya ◽  
Philippe Duverger ◽  
Nam P. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

AbstractCrowdsourcing is an emerging tool for collaboration and innovation platforms. Recently, crowdsourcing platforms have become a vital tool for firms to generate new ideas, especially large firms such as Dell, Microsoft, and Starbucks, Crowdsourcing provides firms with multiple advantages, notably, rapid solutions, cost savings, and a variety of novel ideas that represent the diversity inherent within a crowd. The literature on crowdsourcing is limited to empirical evidence of the advantage of crowdsourcing for businesses as an innovation strategy. In this study, Starbucks’ crowdsourcing platform, Ideas Starbucks, is examined, with three objectives: first, to determine crowdsourcing participants’ perception of the company by crowdsourcing participants when generating ideas on the platform. The second objective is to map users into a community structure to identify those more likely to produce ideas; the most promising users are grouped into the communities more likely to generate the best ideas. The third is to study the relationship between the users’ ideas’ sentiment scores and the frequency of discussions among crowdsourcing users. The results indicate that sentiment and emotion scores can be used to visualize the social interaction narrative over time. They also suggest that the fast greedy algorithm is the one best suited for community structure with a modularity on agreeable ideas of 0.53 and 8 significant communities using sentiment scores as edge weights. For disagreeable ideas, the modularity is 0.47 with 8 significant communities without edge weights. There is also a statistically significant quadratic relationship between the sentiments scores and the number of conversations between users.

scholarly journals Understanding collective regularity in human mobility as a familiar stranger phenomenon

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Leng ◽  
Dominiquo Santistevan ◽  
Alex Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Information Diffusion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBeyond the physical structures that contain daily routines, urban city dwellers repeatedly encounter strangers that similarly shape their environments. Familiar strangers are neither formal acquaintances nor completely anonymous faces in daily urban life. Due to data limitations, there is a lack of research focused on uncovering the structure of the “Familiar Stranger” phenomenon at a large scale while simultaneously investigating the social relationships between such strangers. Using countrywide mobile phone records from Andorra, we empirically show the existence of such a phenomenon as well as details concerning these strangers’ relative social relations. To understand the social and spatial components of familiar strangers more deeply, we study the temporal regularity and spatial structure of collective urban mobility to shed light on the mechanisms that guide these interactions. Furthermore, we explore the relationship between social distances and the number of encounters to show that more significant physical encounters correspond to a shorter social distance. Understanding these social and physical networks has essential implications for epidemics spreading, urban planning, and information diffusion.

Revisiting the Legal Framework of Urban Planning in the Global South

2019 ◽  
pp. 233-246
Author(s):  
Oluwole Daramola
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Spatial Allocation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban And Regional Development ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the profession of urban planning within the context of the Nigerian legal system. In Nigeria, there is an array of legislation relevant to urban planning that is aimed at securing sustainable cities through various planning activities. The chapter establishes the relationship between law and urban planning activities and puts it that the latter is an offshoot of the former. It further discusses the legal framework of urban planning in Nigeria, with due consideration to the problems inherent in it and the effects of such problems on urban development in the country. The chapter also suggests a need for paradigm shift by providing for strategies rooted in law towards viable urban and regional development and economic growth in Nigeria. The chapter concludes that strengthening the legal framework of urban planning will provide opportunities for equitable and spatial allocation of resources that takes cognizance of the social, economic, institutional, and environmental dimensions of an urban center.

SUPPORTING URBAN PLANNING WITH CAGE: A SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT TO SIMULATE COMPLEX SYSTEMS

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (supp02) ◽  
pp. 309-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARNALDO CECCHINI ◽  
GIUSEPPE A. TRUNFIO
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Consensus Building ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Side ◽  
The Relationship

The planning process is a multiactor, multilevel process, and the techniques we need for it must be suitable for all the protagonists involved. Moreover, the difficulty in dealing with the complexity of urban systems and the related difficulty of analyzing and forecasting are twofold: one kind of difficulty lies in the complexity of the system itself, and the other is due to the actions of actors, which are "acts of freedom." Correspondingly, the process of urban planning requires a set of techniques and models that have proved to be of great potential for management of communication, participation, consensus-building and system' simulation. In this paper, we describe the peculiarity of the articulated set of tools that should be used to support planning, allowing the setting up and management of processes of participation and communication tailored to the needs of specific projects — a set of friendly tools that make the relationship between technicians, clients and users effective and efficacious. Following this discussion we present a very flexible software environment based on cellular automata (Cellular Automata General Environment — CAGE) that can be used to simulate planning decisions and can be coupled with other modules dealing with the "social side" of complexity.

scholarly journals O Estado e a Exceção ou o Estado de Exceção?

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Urban Issues ◽  
The Relationship

O texto discute o papel do Estado hoje no Brasil e em particular o do planejamento. Se historicamente as relações entre o Estado e o urbano pautaram-se por um esforço de normatividade da relação capital-trabalho, cabendo ao planejamento enquadrar a exceção e transformá-la em norma, transformações radicais recentes na economia e sociedade brasileiras sugerem que a exceção parece ter enquadrado o planejamento. Às desigualdades históricas da sociedade brasileira vieram juntar-se aquelas advindas da reestruturação produtiva e da globalização, reformatando o mercado, funcionalizando a relação Estado-capital, transformando políticas sociais em antipolíticas de funcionalização da pobreza, erigindo em norma o que antes dela se afastava, pontuando um esforço teórico que transitou da busca da normatividade para a racionalização da exceção.Plavras-chave: relações Estado–urbano; planejamento urbano; desigualdade social; Brasil. The state and the exclusion: or the exception state?Abstract: The text looks at the role played by the State in Brazil today and in particular the role of planning. If, historically, the relationships between the State and the urban issues were based on an effort to ease the relationship between capital and labor, planning to control the exception and to transform it into the rule, recent radical changes in the Brazilian economy and society suggest that the exception has itself curbed planning. To the inequalities typical of Brazilian society were added those stemming from the productive re-structure promoted by globalization, which re-shaped the market, re-purposing the relationship between State and capital, while turning social policies into anti-policies of poverty, transforming into the rule what beforehand was considered a deviation from it and promoting a theoretical effort the aim of which is to rationalize the exception and turn it into the norm.Keywords: relationship State-urban; urban planning; social inequality; Brazil.

scholarly journals Good to be Disliked? Exploring the Relationship Between Disapproval of Organizations and Job Satisfaction in the French Context.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Roulet
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Value ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research has found that a positive relationship exists between favorable perception of a firm and employees’ job satisfaction: the more positively an organization is perceived, the happier are its workers. However, the current literature has overlooked the consequences of a negative corporate image, or disapproval of organizations. Building on the concept of organizational identification and the social identity literature, we fill in this gap and counterintuitively argue that employees are more likely to identify and align with their organizations when it faces illegitimate criticism. We test our hypotheses on a large-scale survey collected in France and find that perception of disapproval of an organization has indeed an adverse effect on job satisfaction. However, if employees perceive criticism as illegitimate, job satisfaction is positively impacted. This study suggests the existence of micro-level social identity reactions in case of unjustified disapprobation: employees stick together and hold the line against criticism, strengthening the collective identity and adding positive emotional value to the work experience.

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