scholarly journals New insights into the blood clotting

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
F. I. Ataullakhanov ◽  
A. G. Rumyantsev
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Coagulation Testing ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
The Status ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Modern Standard ◽  
Testing Set

In recent years, an active revision of ideas about the mechanisms of blood clotting has been performed. Traditional views were largely inaccurate, which is the main reason for the inconsistency of the modern standard set of coagulation tests. This set was found to be insensitive, especially to hypercoagulable disorders. In this paper, we consider modern concepts of how blood clotting occurs. From this consideration follows the need for a critical review of existing methods for assessing the status of hemostasis and a standard set of laboratory tests. The lecture ends with a brief examination of which methods are the most informative today and could form the basis of a new informative coagulation testing set.

Comparison of Thrombelastography with Common Coagulation Tests

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (04) ◽  
pp. 752-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Zuckerman ◽  
E Cohen ◽  
J P Vagher ◽  
E Woodward ◽  
J A Caprini
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Common Laboratory

SummaryThrombelastography, although proven as a useful research tool has not been evaluated for its clinical utility against common coagulation laboratory tests. In this study we compare the thrombelastographic measurements with six common tests (the hematocrit, platelet count, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, activated thromboplastin time and fibrin split products). For such comparisons, two samples of subjects were selected, 141 normal volunteers and 121 patients with cancer. The data was subjected to various statistical techniques such as correlation, ANOVA, canonical and discriminant analysis to measure the extent of the correlations between the two sets of variables and their relative strength to detect blood clotting abnormalities. The results indicate that, although there is a strong relationship between the thrombelastographic variables and these common laboratory tests, the thrombelastographic variables contain additional information on the hemostatic process.

Varia: Attribution, predication, apposition – Part second

Proglas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Getsov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Grammatical Relation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Syntactic Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Relations

The paper is part of a series of publications that set out to examine various aspects in the analysis of appositive constructions. The purpose of this particular study is to reveal the multidimensional, diverse, and complex interaction between three types of syntactic relations – attributive, predicative, and appositive. The study offers a critical review of various theories on the status of the grammatical relation between the components of non-detached (close) appositive constructions. The main argument of this paper is that determining this status, on the one hand, is a function of the morphological and semantic characteristics of the components of the construction, while, on the other hand, it determines their syntactic status.

scholarly journals Is discourse made up of sentences? Focusing on dependent grafted speech in modern standard Japanese

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-180
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Sadanobu
Keyword(s):  
High Tone ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Modern Standard ◽  
Lexical Accent

Abstract The idea that discourse is made up of sentences has been widespread among linguists. Does this traditional discourse perspective (“sententialism”) apply to casual language in daily communication? This paper examines the validity of sententialism by focusing on a type of speech called “dependent grafted speech” in Japanese conversation. Close examinations of various words, phrases, and sentences reveal that dependent grafted speech is different from sentences on two points: (i) Generally, the lexical accent of the copula at the beginning of dependent grafted speech is a high tone; and (ii) the interaction particle at the end of dependent grafted speech is not uttered with a falling intonation unless it is proceeded by a very abrupt rising intonation (“leaping” intonation). These findings cast doubt on the status of dependent grafted speech as a sentence. Moreover, they demonstrate a new conception of discourse as a mixture of diverse constituents, including sentences, dependent grafted speech, and other utterance types.

scholarly journals Physiological parameters of hemostasis in weakened newborn piglets and calves with gamavit injection

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00163
Author(s):  
Elena V. Krapivina ◽  
Andrei L. Kryazhev
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
The Status ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Neonatal Calves ◽  
Weakened Condition

The deployment of the first stages of ontogenesis in all types of productive animals is determined by the change in hemostatic and rheological mechanisms. The status of these parameters strongly influences the deployment of heredity of an organism of any animal. The normal operation of the hemostasis during the neonatal strongly determines the rheological properties of blood, and therefore metabolism in the organs of young animals. Phase of neonatal calves and piglets is a serious stage of their development. Therein have the characteristic of hemostatic processes. The authors determined that during the first or second day of life in physically impaired calves and piglets develop physiologically unfavorable changes in haemostatic parameters, platelets, blood vessels and blood clotting. Emerging changes adversely affect the operation of their bodies and lead to total exclusion. The use of the drug gamavit enhances the weakened condition of newborn calves and piglets functionally acceptable reduce the activity of platelets and clotting of blood in a functionally justified the growth of the hemostatic capabilities of the vessels. It can be argued that injections of gamavit negate the existing dysfunction in hemostasis in physically weakened calves and piglets during the neonatal phase, increasing their adaptation and stimulating further growth and development of animals.

scholarly journals Bedside Coagulation Tests in Diagnosing Venom-Induced Consumption Coagulopathy in Snakebite

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supun Wedasingha ◽  
Geoffrey Isbister ◽  
Anjana Silva
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Consumption Coagulopathy ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Blood Clotting Time

Venom-induced consumption coagulopathy is the most important systemic effect of snake envenoming. Coagulation tests are helpful to accurately and promptly diagnose venom-induced consumption coagulopathy and administer antivenom, which is the only specific treatment available. However, bedside clotting tests play a major role in diagnosing coagulopathy in low-income settings, where the majority of snakebites occur. We conducted a literature search in MEDLINE® from 1946 to 30 November 2019, looking for research articles describing clinical studies on bedside coagulation tests in snakebite patients. Out of 442 articles identified, 147 articles describing bedside clotting assays were included in the review. Three main bedside clotting tests were identified, namely the Lee–White clotting test, 20-min whole blood clotting time and venous clotting time. Although the original Lee–White clotting test has never been validated for snake envenoming, a recently validated version has been used in some South American countries. The 20-min whole blood clotting time test is the most commonly used test in a wide range of settings and for taxonomically diverse snake species. Venous clotting time is almost exclusively used in Thailand. Many validation studies have methodological limitations, including small sample size, lack of case-authentication, the inclusion of a heterogeneous mix of snakebites and inappropriate uses of gold standard tests. The observation times for bedside clotting tests were arbitrary, without proper scientific justification. Future research needs to focus on improving the existing 20-min whole blood clotting test, and also on looking for alternative bedside coagulation tests which are cheap, reliable and quicker.

A Critical Review of the Status of SAGD: Where Are We and What Is Next?

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
As Muatasim Mohammad Al Bahlani ◽  
Tayfun Babadagli
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
The Status

Psychographics: A Critical Review

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
The Status

This article presents case histories of five somewhat different uses of psychographic research, and it critically reviews the status of research in this field.

Normal blood clotting of inbred mice

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Meier ◽  
Robert C. Allen ◽  
Warren G. Hoag
Keyword(s):  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Coagulation Tests

Normal values for a variety of coagulation tests were comparable regardless of strains of mice or sex, suggesting lack of physiologic variation in factors, e.g., "antithromboplastins," inhibitors, etc. Units of mouse prothrombin per milliliter are only about one-half those of man; prothrombin is rapidly destroyed after coagulation, and in order to obtain consistent clotting of recalcified plasma, admixture of platelet factor reagent is necessary.

6.16 Some Advances in Clinical Biochemistry Relating to Trace Metals

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
C. H. McMurray ◽  
W. J. Blanchflower ◽  
P. J. McParland ◽  
D. G. O'Neill ◽  
D. A. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Clinical Biochemistry ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Phenylene Diamine

The clinical signs of copper (Cu) deficiency are largely non-specific and a number of laboratory tests have been used extensively to assist in diagnosis. Among these are whole blood, plasma and serum Cu and caeruloplasmin (McMurray, 1980). However, for any marker to be useful diagnostically, it is necessary to identify any factors which can affect it. Plasma and serum Cu are not equivalent but are related by the equation:Serum Cu (mg/l) = 11.7 + 0.66 plasma Cu (mg/l). The regression was obtained from the means of 24 groups of suckler cows and calves (> 10 animals/group). The equivalent relationship between serum and plasma caeruloplasmin is:Serum caeruloplasmin = 0.0018+ 0.59 plasma caeruloplasmin.Units of caeruloplasmin are absorbance units in the phenylene diamine assay.Thus, the range of normality will depend on the sample being used for the assay. The reduction in serum values is due to the loss of caeruloplasmin during blood clotting.

scholarly journals The Effect of 3.2% and 3.8% Sodium Citrate on Specialized Coagulation Tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
pp. 992-997
Author(s):  
Franz Ratzinger ◽  
Mona Lang; ◽  
Sabine Belik; ◽  
Klaus G. Schmetterer ◽  
Helmuth Haslacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Buffer Concentration ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Citrate Concentration ◽  
Confirmation Test ◽  
Coagulation Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
The Difference

Context.— Coagulation testing is challenging and depends on preanalytic factors, including the citrate buffer concentration used. Objective.— To better estimate preanalytic effects of the citrate buffer concentration in use, the difference between results obtained by samples with 3.2% and 3.8% citrate was evaluated. Design.— In a prospective observational study with 76 volunteers, differences related to the citrate concentration were evaluated. For both buffer concentrations, reference range intervals were established according to the recommendations of the C28-A3 guideline published by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results.— In our reagent-analyzer settings, most parameters evaluated presented good comparability between citrated samples taken with 3.2% and 3.8% trisodium buffer. The ellagic acid containing activated partial thromboplastin time reagent (aPTT-FS) indicated a systemic and proportional difference between both buffer concentrations, leading to an alteration in its reference ranges. Further, a confirmation test for lupus anticoagulant assessment (Staclot LA) showed only a moderate correlation (rρ = 0.511) with a proportional deviation between both citrate concentrations. Further, a statistically significant difference was found in the diluted Russell viper venom time confirmation testing, coagulation factors V and VIII, and the protein C activity, which was found to be of minor clinical relevance. Conclusions.— With caution regarding the potential impact of the reagent-analyzer combination, our findings demonstrate the comparability of data assessed with 3.2% and 3.8% buffered citrated plasma. As an exception, the aPTT-FS and the Staclot LA assay were considerably affected by the citrate concentration used. Further studies are required to confirm our finding using different reagent-analyzer combinations.

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