GASEOUS N LOSSES FROM FIELD CROPS

2001 ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hofman ◽  
O. Van Cleemput
Keyword(s):  
N Losses ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Gaseous N Losses

scholarly journals Extent and Variation of Nitrogen Losses from Non-legume Field Crops of Conterminous United States

Nitrogen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-51
Author(s):  
Amitava Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Loss ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
N Management

Nitrogen (N) losses from field crops have raised environmental concerns. This manuscript accompanies a database of N loss studies from non-legume field crops conducted across the conterminous United States. Cumulative N losses through nitrous oxide-denitrification (CN2O), ammonia volatilization (CNH3), and nitrate leaching (CNO3−) during the growing season and associated crop, soil, and water management information were gathered to determine the extent and controls of these losses. This database consisted of 404, 26, and 358 observations of CN2O, CNH3, and CNO3− losses, respectively, from sixty-two peer-reviewed manuscripts. Corn (Zea mays) dominated the N loss studies. Losses ranged between −0.04 to 16.9, 2.50 to 50.9, and 0 to 257 kg N ha−1 for CN2O, CNH3 and CNO3−, respectively. Most CN2O and CNO3− observations were reported from Colorado (n = 100) and Iowa (n = 176), respectively. The highest values of CN2O, and CNO3− were reported from Illinois and Minnesota states, and corn and potato (Solanum tuberosum), respectively. The application of anhydrous NH3 had the highest value of CN2O loss, and ammonium nitrate had the highest CNO3− loss. Among the different placement methods, the injection of fertilizer-N had the highest CN2O loss, whereas the banding of fertilizer-N had the highest CNO3− loss. The maximum CNO3− loss was higher for chisel than no-tillage practice. Both CN2O and CNO3− were positively correlated with fertilizer N application rate and the amount of water input (irrigation and rainfall). Fertilizer-N management strategies to control N loss should consider the spatio-temporal variability of interactions among climate, crop-and soil types.

scholarly journals Well-Aerated Southern Appalachian Forest Soils Demonstrate Significant Potential for Gaseous Nitrogen Loss

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Peter Baas ◽  
Jennifer D. Knoepp ◽  
Jacqueline E. Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Nitrifier Denitrification ◽  
Gaseous N Losses

Understanding the dominant soil nitrogen (N) cycling processes in southern Appalachian forests is crucial for predicting ecosystem responses to changing N deposition and climate. The role of anaerobic nitrogen cycling processes in well-aerated soils has long been questioned, and recent N cycling research suggests it needs to be re-evaluated. We assessed gross and potential rates of soil N cycling processes, including mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, nitrifier denitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in sites representing a vegetation and elevation gradient in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Experimental Forest, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in southwestern North Carolina, USA. N cycling processes varied among sites, with gross mineralization and nitrification being greatest in high-elevation northern hardwood forests. Gaseous N losses via nitrifier denitrification were common in all ecosystems but were greatest in northern hardwood. Ecosystem N retention via DNRA (nitrification-produced NO3 reduced to NH4) ranged from 2% to 20% of the total nitrification and was highest in the mixed-oak forest. Our results suggest the potential for gaseous N losses through anaerobic processes (nitrifier denitrification) are prevalent in well-aerated forest soils and may play a key role in ecosystem N cycling.

GASEOUS NITROGEN LOSSES FROM CONVENTIONAL AND CHEMICAL SUMMERFALLOW

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. AULAKH ◽  
D. A. RENNIE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Gaseous Nitrogen ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Chemical Fallow ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Gaseous N Losses

The gaseous losses of N (N2O + N2) measured for 130 days (May-September 1983) from conventional fallow at Yorkton, Oxbow and Weyburn soil sites ranged from 9 to 11, 15 to 31 and 60 to 87 kgN∙ha−1 for upper, middle and lower slope positions, respectively. The corresponding values for chemical fallow were 18–28, 24–51, and 69–98 kgN∙ha−1. In both tillage systems, gaseous N losses increased in the order of upper < middle < lower slope positions and were associated with the variations in soil moisture. The results obtained from additional widely scattered field studies on chernozemic soils further confirmed that the more dense surface soil and relatively higher soil moisture (lower air-filled porosity) were the major factors affecting increased denitrification under chemical fallow. Volumetric soil moisture was the only factor which showed a very highly significant correlation with N2O emmisions. Key words: Acetylene inhibition-soil core technique, chemical fallow, denitrification, nitrification

scholarly journals Nitrogen Release in Soils Amended with Different Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers under Contrasting Moisture Regimes: A Laboratory Incubation Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2163
Author(s):  
Shihab Uddin ◽  
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Mofizur Rahman Jahangir ◽  
Mohammad Mojibur Rahman ◽  
Sabry Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Application ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
N Release ◽  
Gaseous N Losses

Understanding nitrogen (N) release patterns and kinetics is a key challenge for improving N use efficiency in any agroecosystem. An incubation experiment was done to study the N release pattern and kinetics of contrasting soils amended with compost (CO), poultry manure (PM), rice husk biochar (RHB), poultry manure biochar (PMB) and cowdung (CD) combined with chemical fertilizer (integrated plant nutrient system, IPNS approach) under two moisture regimes, viz. field capacity (FC) and continuous standing water (CSW) at 25 °C for 120 days. Our results revealed that NH4+-N was the dominant under CSW conditions, whereas NO3−-N was dominant under FC conditions. Net mineral N data fitted well to the first order kinetic model. Both N release potential (N0) and rate constant (k) were greater in acidic soil than those of charland soil. The maximum N release varied between 24.90–76.29% of input depending on soil type and moisture status. N mineralization was strongly correlated with urea N application. PM and PMB mineralized in all soil and moisture conditions whereas N immobilization was observed in the case of RHB. N mineralization was strongly correlated with urea N application. Gaseous N losses were different for the organic amendments exhibiting more gaseous N losses in PM, CD and CO based IPNS whereas the lowest gaseous N loss was observed in PMB based IPNS. Biochar based IPNS increased soil pH in all conditions. Thus, the present study suggests that N release depends on soil type, soil moisture and type of organic amendment. However, CO, PM and CD based IPNS can be recommended for both acidic and charland soils in terms of N release as short duration crops will suffer from N deficiency if biochar based IPNS is used in the field.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS CLOVER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON GASEOUS N LOSSES AND MINERAL N ACCUMULATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. AULAKH ◽  
D. A. RENNIE ◽  
E. A. PAUL
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Gaseous Loss ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Inhibition Technique ◽  
Gaseous N Losses

A 2-yr field study was carried out to assess gaseous losses of N as N2O + N2 from two Black Chernozemic soils, where during year 1 wheat was underseeded to clover and in year 2, the clover in late June was (a) green-manured and the field fallowed, (b) harvested for hay and then fallowed, or (c) harvested for hay and allowed to regrow. Gaseous losses during year 1 were small and ranged from 1.3 kg N∙ha−1 (Blaine Lake clay loam) to 4.7 kg N∙ha−1 (Hoey clay loam). Gaseous losses were somewhat higher during the second year, but differences between the various clover management practices were generally small. The contribution of lower soil horizons towards gaseous nitrogen losses were shown to be negligible. Soil moisture, mean air temperature, nitrate + nitrite, and ammonia N concentrations collectively accounted for 37–66% of the variations in N2O fluxes. It is concluded that incorporation of clover followed by a partial fallow results in substantially less gaseous loss of nitrogen than the standard summerfallowing practice, and at the same time significantly increases mineral nitrogen accumulation in the soil. Key words: Acetylene inhibition technique, denitrification, nitrification, mineralization, green manuring

scholarly journals Increasing N use efficiency while decreasing gaseous N losses in a non-tilled wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop using a double inhibitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 107546
Author(s):  
Guillermo Guardia ◽  
Sandra García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Rocío Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Jaime Recio ◽  
Antonio Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use ◽  
Gaseous N Losses

scholarly journals Emissions of nitrous acid (HONO), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from horse dung

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Elisa Maljanen ◽  
Zafar Gondal ◽  
HemRaj Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
N Losses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gaseous N Losses

Horse dung contains considerable amounts of nitrogen which is partly lost during the storage period. Leaching of nitrogen from the dung can be prevented with constructions but also gaseous N-emissions occur. However, the emission rates are not reported in the literature. We measured in laboratory conditions nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous acid (HONO) emissions from fresh, one month old and one year old horse dung samples. NO and HONO emissions increased with the storage time of the dung. The mean emission rates of HONO and NO were from 36 to 280 ng N kg dw-1h-1 and from 15 to 3500 ng N kg dw-1h-1, respectively. N2O emissions were more variable showing also highest emissions (20.3 µg N kg dw-1 h-1) from the oldest samples. Thus, the longer storage of horse dung increases gaseous N losses which should be taken into account when planning the environmental friendly way to handle horse dung.

scholarly journals Robotic urine-patch treatment and effluent application - technology to support intensification of New Zealand dairy farming while protecting the environment

2013 ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
G. Bates ◽  
B.F. Quin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Urease Inhibitors ◽  
Rapid Intensification ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Application ◽  
Milk Contamination ◽  
Urine Patch ◽  
Gaseous N Losses

The need to minimise nitrate leaching and gaseous N losses from dairy farming is increasing; simultaneously dairy farming is undergoing rapid intensification. Robotic targeted application of nitrification and/or urease inhibitors is proposed as a route to addressing the "urine-patch" issue without risking milk contamination. This paper demonstrates a new robotic product under development and scheduled for commercial release for the 2015/2016 dairy season. The paper then discusses two developments of the product that will enable (i) highly-efficient fluidised-N application, and (ii) effluent application. These new products have the potential to greatly reduce nitrate leaching and gaseous N losses from dairy farming. Keywords: robotic urine-patch treatment, nitrogen (N) losses, N inhibitors, effluent management, robotic effluent spreading, robotic fertiliser spreading

scholarly journals In-depth analysis of N2O fluxes in tropical forest soils of the Congo Basin combining isotope and functional gene analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Gallarotti ◽  
Matti Barthel ◽  
Elizabeth Verhoeven ◽  
Engil Isadora Pujol Pereira ◽  
Marijn Bauters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Functional Gene ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Gaseous N Losses

AbstractPrimary tropical forests generally exhibit large gaseous nitrogen (N) losses, occurring as nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O) or elemental nitrogen (N2). The release of N2O is of particular concern due to its high global warming potential and destruction of stratospheric ozone. Tropical forest soils are predicted to be among the largest natural sources of N2O; however, despite being the world’s second-largest rainforest, measurements of gaseous N-losses from forest soils of the Congo Basin are scarce. In addition, long-term studies investigating N2O fluxes from different forest ecosystem types (lowland and montane forests) are scarce. In this study we show that fluxes measured in the Congo Basin were lower than fluxes measured in the Neotropics, and in the tropical forests of Australia and South East Asia. In addition, we show that despite different climatic conditions, average annual N2O fluxes in the Congo Basin’s lowland forests (0.97 ± 0.53 kg N ha−1 year−1) were comparable to those in its montane forest (0.88 ± 0.97 kg N ha−1 year−1). Measurements of soil pore air N2O isotope data at multiple depths suggests that a microbial reduction of N2O to N2 within the soil may account for the observed low surface N2O fluxes and low soil pore N2O concentrations. The potential for microbial reduction is corroborated by a significant abundance and expression of the gene nosZ in soil samples from both study sites. Although isotopic and functional gene analyses indicate an enzymatic potential for complete denitrification, combined gaseous N-losses (N2O, N2) are unlikely to account for the missing N-sink in these forests. Other N-losses such as NO, N2 via Feammox or hydrological particulate organic nitrogen export could play an important role in soils of the Congo Basin and should be the focus of future research.

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