scholarly journals Nitrogen Release in Soils Amended with Different Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers under Contrasting Moisture Regimes: A Laboratory Incubation Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2163
Author(s):  
Shihab Uddin ◽  
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Mofizur Rahman Jahangir ◽  
Mohammad Mojibur Rahman ◽  
Sabry Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Application ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
N Release ◽  
Gaseous N Losses

Understanding nitrogen (N) release patterns and kinetics is a key challenge for improving N use efficiency in any agroecosystem. An incubation experiment was done to study the N release pattern and kinetics of contrasting soils amended with compost (CO), poultry manure (PM), rice husk biochar (RHB), poultry manure biochar (PMB) and cowdung (CD) combined with chemical fertilizer (integrated plant nutrient system, IPNS approach) under two moisture regimes, viz. field capacity (FC) and continuous standing water (CSW) at 25 °C for 120 days. Our results revealed that NH4+-N was the dominant under CSW conditions, whereas NO3−-N was dominant under FC conditions. Net mineral N data fitted well to the first order kinetic model. Both N release potential (N0) and rate constant (k) were greater in acidic soil than those of charland soil. The maximum N release varied between 24.90–76.29% of input depending on soil type and moisture status. N mineralization was strongly correlated with urea N application. PM and PMB mineralized in all soil and moisture conditions whereas N immobilization was observed in the case of RHB. N mineralization was strongly correlated with urea N application. Gaseous N losses were different for the organic amendments exhibiting more gaseous N losses in PM, CD and CO based IPNS whereas the lowest gaseous N loss was observed in PMB based IPNS. Biochar based IPNS increased soil pH in all conditions. Thus, the present study suggests that N release depends on soil type, soil moisture and type of organic amendment. However, CO, PM and CD based IPNS can be recommended for both acidic and charland soils in terms of N release as short duration crops will suffer from N deficiency if biochar based IPNS is used in the field.

scholarly journals Robotic urine-patch treatment and effluent application - technology to support intensification of New Zealand dairy farming while protecting the environment

2013 ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
G. Bates ◽  
B.F. Quin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Urease Inhibitors ◽  
Rapid Intensification ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Application ◽  
Milk Contamination ◽  
Urine Patch ◽  
Gaseous N Losses

The need to minimise nitrate leaching and gaseous N losses from dairy farming is increasing; simultaneously dairy farming is undergoing rapid intensification. Robotic targeted application of nitrification and/or urease inhibitors is proposed as a route to addressing the "urine-patch" issue without risking milk contamination. This paper demonstrates a new robotic product under development and scheduled for commercial release for the 2015/2016 dairy season. The paper then discusses two developments of the product that will enable (i) highly-efficient fluidised-N application, and (ii) effluent application. These new products have the potential to greatly reduce nitrate leaching and gaseous N losses from dairy farming. Keywords: robotic urine-patch treatment, nitrogen (N) losses, N inhibitors, effluent management, robotic effluent spreading, robotic fertiliser spreading

scholarly journals Nitrogen mineralization of bioslurry and other manures in soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
M Asadul Haque ◽  
M Jahiruddin ◽  
M Mazibur Rahman ◽  
M Abu Saleque
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Release ◽  
Aerobic Soil ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The experiment was conducted to examine the nitrogen (N) mineralization pattern of bioslurry and other manures under aerobic and anaerobic soil conditions. Two bioslurries (cowdung and poultry manure) and their original manures (cowdung and poultry manure) @ 3, 5, 10 and 20 t ha-1, respectively, were thoroughly mixed with soil and incubated in aerobic and anaerobic moisture condition for 12 weeks and available N (both NH4+-N and NO3--N) was measured by steam distillation method. NO3--N was the dominant form of inorganic N in aerobic soil, whereas, NH4+-N dominated under anaerobic soil condition. When highest cumulative total available N mineralization among the manures at 3, 5, 10 and 20 t ha-1 rate was considered after 12 weeks of incubation, the N mineralization was 5.0, 5.5, 6.8 and 4.3 times higher, respectively, in aerobic condition over anaerobic condition. Under aerobic condition cowdung bioslurry and poultry manure bioslurry had very closer percentage of N mineralization and was much higher compared to their original manure (cowdung and poultry manure, respectively). With the increase of the rate of manure application, total available N release was increased but percent N release was rather decreased irrespective of the types of manure and soil moisture contents. Application of bioslurries in parallel with their original manures (cowdung and poultry manure) in soils are, therefore, should be considered and recommended to increase N fertility in soil.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(2): 221-228, August 2015

scholarly journals Pre-sidedress Soil Nitrate Testing Identifies Processing Tomato Fields Not Requiring Sidedress N Fertilizer

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Krusekopf ◽  
J.P. Mitchell ◽  
T.K. Hartz ◽  
D.M. May ◽  
E.M. Miyao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
N Application ◽  
Processing Tomato

Overuse of chemical N fertilizers has been linked to nitrate contamination of both surface and ground water. Excessive use of fertilizer also is an economic loss to the farmer. Typical N application rates for processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production in California are 150 to 250 kg·ha-1. The contributions of residual soil NO3-N and in-season N mineralization to plant nutrient status are generally not included in fertilizer input calculations, often resulting in overuse of fertilizer. The primary goal of this research was to determine if the pre-sidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) could identify fields not requiring sidedress N application to achieve maximum tomato yield; a secondary goal was to evaluate tissue N testing currently used for identifying post-sidedress plant N deficiencies. Field experiments were conducted during 1998 and 1999. Pre-sidedress soil nitrate concentrations were determined to a depth of 60 cm at 10 field sites. N mineralization rate was estimated by aerobic incubation test. Sidedress fertilizer was applied at six incremental rates from 0 to 280 kg·ha-1 N, with six replications per field. At harvest, only four fields showed a fruit yield response to fertilizer application. Within the responsive fields, fruit yields were not increased with sidedress N application above 112 kg·ha-1. Yield response to sidedress N did not occur in fields with pre-sidedress soil NO3-N levels >16 mg·kg-1. Soil sample NO3-N levels from 30 cm and 60 cm sampling depth were strongly correlated. Mineralization was estimated to contribute an average of 60 kg·ha-1 N between sidedressing and harvest. Plant tissue NO3-N concentration was found to be most strongly correlated to plant N deficiency at fruit set growth stage. Dry petiole NO3-N was determined to be a more accurate indicator of plant N status than petiole sap NO3-N measured by a nitrate-selective electrode. The results from this study suggested that N fertilizer inputs could be reduced substantially below current industry norms without reducing yields in fields identified by the PSNT as having residual pre-sidedress soil NO3-N levels >16 mg·kg-1 in the top 60 cm.

647 Development of a Cerium (III) Nitrate-containing Electrospun Dressing for Mitigating Delayed Eschar Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S169-S170
Author(s):  
Angela R Jockheck-Clark ◽  
Cortes Williams ◽  
Christine Kowalczewski ◽  
Jahnabi Roy ◽  
Marc A Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
N Application ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
N Release

Abstract Introduction During periods of delayed burn treatment, cells within the eschar leach toxic and immunomodulatory metabolites that can profoundly impact neighboring tissue. Therefore, to reduce the burn-related morbidities and mortalities that are the result of delayed surgical interventions, electrospinning was utilized to generate a novel cerium (III) nitrate (Ce(III)N) dressing. Previously published work has demonstrated that topical Ce(III)N application changes the eschar morphology, and that tissue beneath the treated eschar was generally healthy and had a high rate of graft acceptance. Methods Ce(III)N was dissolved with polyethylene oxide and spun onto a grounded rotating mandrel. The uni-axially spun mesh was compared to a co-axially electrospun dressing that contained a Ce(III)N core. Dressings were evaluated for topography/morphology, porosity and oxygen permeation using scanning electron microscopy, helium pycnometry, and a gas exchange chamber, respectively. Ce(III)N release rates were evaluated, as well as 60-day storage stability. Results All electrospun dressings contained functional Ce(III)N, with the co-axially spun dressing containing three times the amount of Ce(III)N as the traditionally spun dressing. Uni-axially and co-axially spun nanofibers had diameters of 1487±560 nm and 1071±147 nm, and porosities of 83.9% and 74.1%, respectively. Scaffolds released the majority of Ce(III)N within the first hour of wetting. Conclusions All dressings were capable of a burst of Ce(III)N release and maintained stability when stored at room temperature for 60 days. Applicability of Research to Practice Despite advancement in protective equipment worn by military personnel, the incidence of thermal injury is expected to rise in future conflicts. There are no burn wound dressings that can mitigate the pathophysiological processes associated with delayed burn wound treatment.

Soil Type Modifies the Impacts of Warming and Snow Exclusion on Carbon and Nutrient Losses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Juice ◽  
Paul G. Schaberg ◽  
Alexandra M. Kosiba ◽  
Carl E. Waite ◽  
Gary J. Hawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The varied and wide-reaching impacts of climate change are occurring across heterogeneous landscapes. Despite the known importance of soils in mediating biogeochemical nutrient cycling, there is little experimental evidence of how soil characteristics may shape ecosystem response to climate change. Our objective was to clarify how soil characteristics modify the impact of climate changes on carbon and nutrient leaching losses in temperate forests. We therefore conducted a field-based mesocosm experiment with replicated warming and snow exclusion treatments on two soils in large (2.4 m diameter), in-field forest sapling mesocosms. We found that nutrient loss responses to warming and snow exclusion treatments frequently varied substantially by soil type. Indeed, in some cases, soil type nullified the impact of a climate treatment. For example, warming and snow exclusion increased nitrogen (N) losses on fine soils by up to four times versus controls, but these treatments had no impact on coarse soils. Generally, the coarse textured soil, with its lower soil-water holding capacity, had higher nutrient losses (e.g., 12-17 times more total N loss from coarse than fine soils), except in the case of phosphate, which had consistently higher losses (23-58%) from the finer textured soil. Furthermore, the mitigation of nutrient loss by increasing tree biomass varied by soil type and nutrient. Our results suggest that potentially large biogeochemical responses to climate change are strongly mediated by soil characteristics, providing further evidence of the need to consider soil properties in Earth system models for improving nutrient cycling and climate projections.

Carbon and nitrogen mineralization in soil amended with non-tabletized and tabletized poultry manure

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Paré ◽  
H. Dinel ◽  
M. Schnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
C And N Mineralization ◽  
C And N

The recycling of poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) manure (PM) needs to be done in a manner that will not only improve soil physical, chemical and biological properties but also minimize environmental risks. Untreated PM is more difficult to handle and more expensive to apply than granular fertilizers; the application of PM in the form of tablets may be a suitable alternative. It is necessary to determine whether C and N mineralization in tabletized PM (T-PM) differs from non-tabletized PM (NT-PM). Net C and N mineralization from a Brandon loam soil (Typic Endoaquoll) amended with NT-PM and T-PM, were measured in an incubation study at 25 °C. After 60 d of incubation, about 62 and 77% of total PM carbon was mineralized in NT-PM and T-PM amended soils, respectively. Carbon mineralization was not stimulated by the addition of PM tablets containing NPK to soil, while in soils mixed with NT-PM + NPK, soil respiration was reduced. Net N mineralization was similar in soils amended with T-PM and NT-PM, although changes in ammonium (NH4+–N) concentrations during incubation differed. Generally more NH4+–N accumulated in soil amended with T-PM and T-PM + NPK than with NT-PM and NT-PM + NPK The concentrations of nitrate (NO3−–N) did not differ in soils amended with T-PM and NT-PM, indicating a reduction in nitrification and NH4+–N accumulation in soils amended with PM tablets. Key words: Poultry manure, tablets, carbon mineralization, nitrogen mineralization, organic fertilizer

Factors controlling N mineralization, nitrification, and nitrogen losses in an Oxisol amended with sewage sludge

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sierra ◽  
S. Fontaine ◽  
L. Desfontaines
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Water Content ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
The Difference

Laboratory incubations and a field experiment were carried out to determine the factors controlling N mineralization and nitrification, and to estimate the N losses (leaching and volatilization) in a sewage-sludge-amended Oxisol. Aerobically digested sludge was applied at a rate equivalent to 625 kg N/ha. The incubations were conducted as a factorial experiment of temperature (20˚C, 30˚C, and 40˚C) soil water (–30 kPa and –1500 kPa) sludge type [fresh (FS) water content 6230 g/kg; dry (DS) water content 50 g/kg]. The amount of nitrifiers was determined at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The incubation lasted 24 weeks. The field study was conducted using bare microplots (4 m) and consisted of a factorial experiment of sludge type (FS and DS) sludge placement (subsurface, I+; surface, I–). Ammonia volatilization and the profile (0–0.90 m) of mineral N concentration were measured during 6 and 29 weeks after sludge application, respectively. After 24 weeks of incubation at 40˚C and –30 kPa, net N mineralization represented 52% (FS) and 71% (DS) of the applied N. The difference between sludges was due to an initial period of N immobilization in FS. Nitrification was more sensitive than N mineralization to changes in water potential and it was fully inhibited at –1500 kPa. The introduction of a large amount of nitrifiers with FS did not modify the rate of nitrification, which was principally limited by soil acidity (pH 4.9). Although N mineralization was greatest at 30˚C, nitrification increased continuously with temperature. Nitrogen mineralization from DS was well described by the double-exponential equation. For FS, the equation was modified to take into account an immobilization-remineralization period. Sludge placement significantly affected the soil NO-3/NH+4 ratio in the field: 16 for I+ and 1.5 for I–, after 11 weeks. In the I– treatment, nitrification of the released NH+4 was limited by soil moisture because of the dry soil mulch formed a few hours after rain. At the end of the field experiment, the estimated losses of N by leaching were 432 kg N/ha for I+ and 356 kg N/ha for I–. Volatilization was not detectable in the I+ microplots and it represented only 0.5% of the applied N in the I– microplots. The results showed that placement of sludge may be a valuable tool to decrease NO-3 leaching by placing the sludge under unfavourable conditions for nitrification.

scholarly journals The kinetics curve of nitrogen mineralization from perennial leaves litter decomposed by earthworm (Phretima californica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Kartika Utami ◽  
Eko Hanudin ◽  
Makruf Nurudin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Organic Matter Quality ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Pioneer Plants ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
N Release ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of N release during the process of decomposition of organic matter is influenced by organic matter quality, temperature, humidity, and decomposer. Acacia, coffee, salacca, and bamboo leaf litter are native plants and be the pioneer plants on the slopes of Mount Merapi after the eruption in 2010. However, there is a lack of information on the N mineralization process from the leaves litter of acacia, coffee, salacca, and bamboo. The study aimed to determine the kinetics of N release from the litter leaves of acacia (<em>Acacia decurrens</em>), coffee, salacca, and bamboo, which were tested with three approaches, namely zero order, first order, and second order. The experiment was carried out using 10 <em>Phretima californica </em>earthworms that were incubated with 35g of annual plant leaves at 25°C. The levels of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> were measured at 0, 7, 15, 30, 45, 75, and 105 days after incubation by using the indophenol blue and derivative spectrophotometric method, respectively. Throughout the decomposition 105 days, the release of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was higher than that of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> due to the nature of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> that was more easily immobilized than NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. The highest NO<sub>3</sub><sup>- </sup>release in acacia litter (1.56 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) occurred 30 days after incubation, while in coffee, salacca, and bamboo occurred 105 days after incubation, reaching 1.92 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, 2.47 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, and 1.88 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. High N compound on the leaves litter unaffected to increasing total biomass earthworms in the end of incubation however promotes N mineralization rapidly. The kinetics of the second-order equation showed higher compatibility than the other equations to the N release with coefficient determination was higher. The kinetics of mineralization can be a strategy to use the leaves litter of perennial plants as sources of N nutrient input into soil.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the herbage iodine content.

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hartmans
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N Application ◽  
Factors Affecting

In pot and field experiments, N application somewhat increased the I content of the harvested crop, although I concentrations in the herbage decreased considerably (diluting effect of increased dry matter yields). Herbage I contents were not consistently affected by chemical fertilizers which produced no yield response. I contents were up to 13 times higher in dicotyledenous pasture species than in grasses. I contents varied between grass species and to less extent between varieties of a single species. Contrary to earlier New Zealand data, good quality grasses were lower in I content than medium-value and inferior grasses. Small I dressings were less effective than larger amounts in terms of percentage return in the harvested crop; residual effects in later cuts were always small. The effectiveness of I dressings depended on soil type and tended to be lowest on soils of low natural I content. ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: Studies were with ryegrass in pots and pastures. N dressing increased I uptake by the crop but reduced the I content considerably because of the diluting effect of higher DM yields. Dressing with fertilizers which did increase yield did not affect herbage I content consistently. Dicotyledonous species in pasture had I contents up to 13 times that of grasses. The I content of grasses varied over a 2-fold range but variation was smaller in a given species. Good quality grasses had a lower I content than inferior grasses. Smaller I dressings gave a smaller percentage return in the crop than larger amounts; the efficiency depended on soil type and tended to be less for soils with the lowest natural I content. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Low, Controlled Nutrient Availability Provided by Organic Waste Materials for Chrysanthemum

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Williams ◽  
Paul V. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Brevibacterium Lactofermentum ◽  
N Release ◽  
Poultry Feathers

Seven organic materials including 1) the bacterium Brevibacterium lactofermentum (Okumura et al.) in a nonviable state, 2) a mixture of two bacteria, Bacillus licheniformis (Weigmann) and Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg), plus the fungus Aspergillus niger (van Tieghem) in a nonviable state, 3) an activated microbial sludge from waste-water treatment, 4) sludge from a poultry manure methane generator, 5) unsteamed bonemeal, 6) aged pine needles, and 7) poultry feathers were evaluated to determine their pattern and term of N release and the possibility of using them as an integral part of root media releasing N at a steady, low rate over 10 to 12 weeks for production of Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura `Sunny Mandalay'. These were compared to the inorganic slow-release fertilizer micro Osmocote (17N-3.9P-10.8K) and a weekly liquid fertilizer control. All organic sources released N most rapidly during the first 2 weeks, followed by a decline, which ended at 6 to 7 weeks. Brevibacterium lactofermentum, bonemeal, and micro Osmocote treatments resulted in about equal growth, which was similar to growth of a weekly liquid fertilizer control for 9 weeks in the first and for 12 weeks in the second experiment. The period of N release could not be extended through increased application rate of source due to the high initial release rate. It was not possible to lower source application rates to achieve an effective, low soil solution concentration due to the large variation in release rate over time. Efficiency of N use varied among plants grown in media treated with various microorganismal sources and was highest in those treated with B. lactofermentum. Nitrogen release from ground poultry feathers was inadequate, and additions of the viable hydrolyzing bacterium B. licheniformis to feathers failed to increase soil solution N levels. Attempts to retard mineralization of B. lactofermentum by cross-linking proteins contained within the bacterium by means of heat treatment at 116C vs. 82C failed. While anaerobic poultry manure sludge proved to be an inefficient source of N, it provided large amounts of P. Organic sources released primarily ammoniacal N, which raised the medium pH by as much as one unit, necessitating the use of less limestone in the medium formulation.

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