LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS COMPARING THE IMPACT ON SOILS AND FIELD CROPS OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE VS. POTASSIUM SULFATE

A five-year experiment was carried out in the Nyírség on its characteristic soil type, brown forest soil to investigate the impact of three types of potassium fertilizers (potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and Patentkali) in three different dosages (80, 160, 240 kg/ha K20), under non-irrigated conditions applying the same dosages of N, P in all treatments (the applied amount was different between years) in 10 treatments including the control on 50 m2-parcels with 3 or 4 replicates. The test plant was cultivar Desiree, Kondor, Agria and Pannonia in 1998 and 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. The obtained yields were analyzed by an analysis of variance. Based on the five-year results, the highest yields on the acidic sandy and sandy loam soils were obtained in the treatments with 530-800 kg/ha Patentkali containing 30% of K and 10% of magnesium active ingredients in addition to the same amounts of N and P applications. The dosage of 530 kg/ha Patentkali contains 160 kg/ha K+ 53 kg/ha Mg active ingredients, while the dosage of 800 kg/ha Patentkali contains 240 kg/ha K+ 80 kg/ha Mg active ingredients. It can be concluded that the potassium chloride fertilizer (KCI) was the least effective as regards yields and Patentkali proved to be the most effective fertilizer, it had higher yields than even those of potassium sulfate, the difference in the 160 kg/ha treatments was 17.7%, which was a significant difference. Based on the results of the multi-year experiment, we recommend to apply 530 kg/ha Patentkali fertilizer (160 kg/ha K+ 53 kg/ha Mg active ingredients) for the fertilization in potato under non-irrigated conditions on the acidic sandy and sandy loam forest soils of the Nyírség, which proved to be the most effective treatment and with which we could obtain 30 t/ha yield in the average of the years (with the simultaneous application of N and P).

Download Full-text

Development opportunities for storing and displaying of spatial data in long-term experiments

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/68/1774 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 81-86

Author(s):

Péter Ragán

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Data Entry ◽

Large Data ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Google Earth ◽

Long Term Experiments ◽

Google Drive ◽

The Impact

Long-term experiments are required to evaluate the impact of irrigation, nutrient utilization, and year factor as well as to assess the potential consequences of climate change. However, in the long-term experiment, it may be necessary to display spatial data for each parcel, either for investigation of soil heterogeneity or presentation. This article aims to provide help for researchers working in long-term experiments for storing and displaying spatial data. After the outlines of each experimental site were measured with GPS, a spatial database has been created in Quantum GIS. Then, a filter script in R statistical environment using RStudio graphical interface was written. The script helps avoid the QGIS data input interface so that large data can be attached to each parcel directly and as a result there is no need for a separate data entry, only the basic statistical database. The created GIS database can be used in many ways; it can be exported to KML file format that can be displayed using Google Earth. It is possible to view exported KML files in Google Drive with importing them to Google My Maps application, and with that a browser can display the map. With the Google Drive the maps can be shared within the research group, additionally the outlines can be edited and it is possible to upload the measurement data to the attributes table to existing empty table columns. The map created in Quantum GIS can be used for presentation purposes.

Download Full-text

Long-term experiments on chernozem soil in the University of Debrecen

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/150/1732 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 357-369

Author(s):

Péter Pepó

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Management Practices ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Chernozem Soil ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Maize Production ◽

Long Term Experiments ◽

The Impact

The impact of agrotechnical management practices (nutrient and water supply, crop rotation, crop protection, genotype) on the yields of winter wheat and maize and on the soil water and nutrient cycles was studied in long-term experiments set up in 1983 in Eastern Hungary on chernozem soil. The long-term experiments have shown that nitrogen fertilizer rates exceeding the N-optimum of winter wheat resulted in the accumulation of NO3-N in the soil. Winter wheat varieties can be classified into four groups based on their natural nutrient utilization and their fertilizer response. The fertilizer responses of wheat varieties depended on crop year (6.5–8.9 t ha-1 maximum yields in 2011–2015 years) and the genotypes (in 2012 the difference was ~3 t ha-1 among varieties). The optimum N(+PK) doses varied between 30–150 kg ha-1 in different crop years. In maize production fertilization, irrigation and crop rotation have decision role on the yields. The efficiency of fertilization modified by cropyear (in dry 891–1315 kg ha-1, in average 1927–4042 kg ha-1, in rainy cropyear 2051–4473 kg ha-1 yield surpluses of maize, respectively) and crop rotation (in monoculture 1315–4473 kg ha-1, in biculture 924–2727 kg ha-1 and triculture 891–2291 kg ha-1 yield surpluses of maize, respectively). The optimum fertilization could improve the water use efficiency in maize production. Our long-term experiments gave important ecological and agronomic information to guide regional development of sustainable cropping systems.

Download Full-text

Research Concerning the Agrochemical Optimization of the Fertilization System for Wheat Crops in the Transylvanian Plain

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9402 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 134-140

Author(s):

Andra Ramona PORUÅ¢IU ◽

Mihai RUSU ◽

Marilena MÄ‚RGHITAȘ ◽

Constantin TOADER ◽

Lavinia MOLDOVAN

Keyword(s):

Production Data ◽

Reference Area ◽

Quadratic Regression ◽

Long Term Experiments ◽

Fertilization Practice ◽

The Impact ◽

Fertilization System ◽

Two Alternatives

The current research is based on the production results obtained on wheat crops in long term experiments conducted on an argyle phaeozem soil at SCA Turda.The goal of this research is to scientifically, agrochemically and economically substantiate the differentiated fertilization systems involved in obtaining big productions in the reference area. In this study we tried to track the effect of the nitrogen-potassium interaction in achieving the productions obtained in 2012. The research presents the stated results as annual (partial) values and it will continue with them as being reference values for further experimental years (as stages in long term experiments) and obviously with approaches that will economically substantiate the suggested solution. The production data are obtained from these experiments, framed in the â€œlong term experiments systemâ€ from ASAS-ICDCPT FunduleaÂ network which hold objectives that target both the effect and efficiency of differentiated fertilizations on productions and also the impact of fertilizers on the soil fertility evolution, on the quality of the productions obtained. The degree of novelty of this study can be expressed through the fact that for the type of soil and genotypes used in the experiments we can establish fertilization solutions and synthesized mathematical models with a high dissemination and applicability value in similar ecologic conditions.The obtained results present the production levels obtained for wheat crops (Dumbrava kind) at two alternatives for prior crops-corn and soy-statistically processed using variance and quadratic regression, as useful models for fertilization in the fertilization systems that were researched. It is obvious that at the end of these annual researches the presented models will include the same objectives as in the prior years that were studied.The already existing and further research will enrich the studyâ€™s utility in taking a rational fertilization decision based in the future also on the support of the suggested solutions through economically efficiency calculations of these solutions. The presented data hold originality, according to which the suggested solutions through fertilization models become important and present a real efficiency in the fertilization practice and technologies applied to wheat crops. Â Â

Download Full-text

Bioproductive сapacity of typical chernozem in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine under favorable humid conditions

Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник Меліорація і водне господарство ◽

10.31073/mivg202102-304 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 87-100

Author(s):

Yu. O. Tararico ◽

R. V. Saidak ◽

R. V. Olepir ◽

Yu. V. Soroka ◽

S. V. Vitvitskiy

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Left Bank ◽

Main Field ◽

Typical Chernozem ◽

Field Crops ◽

The Impact

The article presents the results of research on the assessment of modern climate change and the impact of weather conditions on the yield of main field crops when using different feeding systems and tillage. It was established that during 1991-2020 the average annual air temperature in the region increased by 1,1oC, and the annual precipitation decreased by 5%. Under such conditions, the frequency of recurrence of highly and moderately arid conditions of the growing season increased from 47% in 1961-1990 to 61% in 1991-2020, however the probability of forming a sufficient moisture supply decreased by half. Based on the results of the Climate Water Balance (CWB) assessment, it was specified that in the western part of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe, according to average long-term data a negative WBC has been formed since June, and by the end of August its deficit reaches over 140 mm or 1,400 m3 / ha. In general, by the end of the period for 1991-2020, the deficit of WBC increased by 82 mm. Based on the information database made on the results of long-term stationary field experiment at Poltava Research Station of the Institute of Pig Farming and Agroindustrial Production of NAAS, the yield potential of main crops and the productivity of typical chernozem subject to the optimization of crop rotation and nutrient and water-air regimes, were evaluated. It was determined that optimization of crop rotations increases plant productivity by 19%, fertilizer systems - by 19-36%, irrigation - by 94%, irrigation and fertilization - by 130-153%, and a comprehensive combination of all agronomic measures - by 200% and more. It was also established that the total productivity of crop rotation under different systems of basic tillage remains virtually unchanged and enables to obtain average by year 3.6-3.8 t kd / ha against the background of natural soil fertility. From the organic fertilizer systems, the efficiency of using crop by-products as fertilizers is 10% higher than using manure and practically does not concede to organomineral fertilizer systems. As a result of research it was found that in the region in recent decades there is a tendency of deteriorating growing conditions of main field crops, which is reflected in the formation of low yields and poorer crop rotation productivity, significant variation of these factors in terms of weather, especially when having high soil fertility.

Download Full-text

Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000033 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 5-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Beat Meier ◽

Anja König ◽

Samuel Parak ◽

Katharina Henke

Keyword(s):

Memory Trace ◽

Thought Suppression ◽

Test Phase ◽

Indirect Test ◽

Final Test ◽

Test Experiment ◽

And Control ◽

Cue Words ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

Download Full-text