scholarly journals Bioproductive сapacity of typical chernozem in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine under favorable humid conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Tararico ◽  
R. V. Saidak ◽  
R. V. Olepir ◽  
Yu. V. Soroka ◽  
S. V. Vitvitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of research on the assessment of modern climate change and the impact of weather conditions on the yield of main field crops when using different feeding systems and tillage. It was established that during 1991-2020 the average annual air temperature in the region increased by 1,1oC, and the annual precipitation decreased by 5%. Under such conditions, the frequency of recurrence of highly and moderately arid conditions of the growing season increased from 47% in 1961-1990 to 61% in 1991-2020, however the probability of forming a sufficient  moisture supply decreased by half. Based on the results of the Climate Water Balance (CWB) assessment, it was specified that in the western part of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe, according to average long-term data a negative WBC has been formed since June, and by the end of August its deficit reaches over 140 mm or 1,400 m3 / ha. In general, by the end of the period for 1991-2020, the deficit of WBC increased by 82 mm. Based on the information database made on the results of long-term stationary field experiment at Poltava Research Station of the Institute of Pig Farming and Agroindustrial Production of NAAS, the yield potential of main crops and the productivity of typical chernozem subject to the optimization of crop rotation and nutrient and water-air regimes, were evaluated. It was determined that optimization of crop rotations increases plant productivity by 19%, fertilizer systems - by 19-36%, irrigation - by 94%, irrigation and fertilization - by 130-153%, and a comprehensive combination of all agronomic measures - by 200% and more. It was also established that the total productivity of crop rotation under different systems of basic tillage remains virtually unchanged and enables to obtain average by year 3.6-3.8 t kd / ha against the background of natural soil fertility. From the organic fertilizer systems, the efficiency of using crop by-products as fertilizers is 10% higher than using manure and practically does not concede to organomineral fertilizer systems. As a result of research it was found that in the region in recent decades there is a tendency of deteriorating growing conditions of main field crops, which is reflected in the formation of low yields and poorer crop rotation productivity, significant variation of these factors in terms of weather, especially when having high soil fertility.

scholarly journals Changes in agrochemical parameters of leached chernozem under the influence of differentiated use of minerals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
A. A. Artemjev ◽  
A. M. Guryanov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Mobile Elements ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of studies conducted in 2004-2010 at the experimental plot in the forest-steppe Volga region. The research investigated the impact of traditional (average) and differentiated use of mineral fertilizers in the field crop rotation (winter wheat (reconnaissance sowing) – spring wheat ‒ annual grass – spring barley – bare fallow– winter wheat – spring wheat) on the change of agrochemical properties of leached chernozem. It was established that the six-year use of fertilizers contributed to the improvement of the main indicators of top soil fertility regardless of application technology. On average, in 15 sectors (plots) of each variant, the content of mobile phosphorus per rotation of crop rotation increased with differentiated fertilization by 15.9%, potassium – by 15%, and in the traditional one – by 4.8 and 16.7% respectively, (control of 100.8 and 116.2 mg/kg of soil, respectively). In sectors where no fertilizer was applied, the content of mobile elements decreased by 2-7%. The nitrogen content in the soil directly depended on the timing of sampling and the amount of moisture in the soil, so it was difficult to track its change. The difference in the accumulation of mineral nitrogen between the technologies of fertilizer application was not observed. For organic matter in all variants of the experience over the years of research there was a decrease in the indicator. This was more noticeable in the control, where the value decreased by 2.7%. Here, the value of soil acidity increased by 0.12 units and became 4.7. In variants with fertilizers soil acidity remained the same (4.6-4.7). In general, the differentiated use of mineral fertilizers did not have a negative influence on the agrochemical composition of leached chernozem. There was a gradual equalization of soil fertility due to the residual amounts of phosphorus and potassium on low-fertile plots and some reduction of mobile elements in zones with high content.

Self-regulation and management of fertility restoration of typical chernozem in agroecosystems

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
V. Velichko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Porous Space ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To investigate the process of enhancing the self-organization and self-regulation of chernozem towards natural organization under the impact of long-term soil-protective surface tillage and to determine its impact on enhancing the ability of chernozem to adapt to environmental changes, preserving agroecological stability of the agroecosystem of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, computational, mathematical and statistical. Results. The complex years-long studies (1992–2015) demonstrated that the com- bination of soil-protective technologies of cultivating crops in the agroecosystems is a factor of affecting the character, orientation and self-regulation of energy- and mass exchange in a complicated network of interac- tions and interrelations of chernozems in agroecosystems. The determinant and governing impact in restoring the fertility of typical chernozem in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is soil-protective technologies of cultivating agricultural crops, based on surface tillage. The energy-wise appropriateness of creating the porous space of chernozem in conditions of soil-protective treatment should be deemed as thermodynamic code of soil formation or the process of implementing the “memory” about the morphogenicity of spatial soil form of chernozem of a high self-organization degree, which is in direct correlation with the process of enhancing the residual features of natural soil formation and accumulative orientation of fertility indices. Conclusions. The soil-protective system of agriculture should be viewed as a complex of methods and technologies of systemic or ecologically reasonable use of anthropogenic and natural energy resources. It creates the background to solve the main problem of agriculture – rational use of chernozem fertility with simultaneous extensive resto- ration, which ensures more complete use of the bioclimatic potential with optimal exploitation of natural and anthropogenic resources of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe territory.

Approaches to definition of complex influence of major components of agriculture on productivity agrophytocenoses and soil fertility

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (90) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
P.I. Boyko ◽  
D.V. Litvinov ◽  
N.G. Buslaeva ◽  
N.P. Kovalenko ◽  
O.V. Demidenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Main Factors

The purpose - to determine the most productive crop rotation with a corresponding set, ratio and placement of field crops for different ways of basic soil tillage, fertilizer levels and weather conditions. Identify the main parts of the interplay of farming on soil fertility, productive and sustainable land use. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Conclusions. U article summarizes experimentally developed and theoretically grounded and economically approved agri-environmental and biological basis of efficiency scientifically based crop rotation of different rotation group left bank steppe of Ukraine with optimal saturation ratio and placement agrophytocenoses depending on fertilization, tillage methods that enhances fertility and stabilization soil, increase quality agricultural products obtained by reducing the cost of its production. Objective scientific information that could serve as a basis for the development of modern agriculture can only be obtained by an integrated approach to the formulation of research in the field of long multifactor stationary experiment, conducted in the NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS." Establishing quantitative patterns of action the main factors in its comprehensive and manifestation of the separation opens up opportunities to create sustainable crop production technologies and development of soil fertility management. Besides great theoretical interest, they immediately practical. Long-term studies (1975-2015 gg.) Typical black soil unstable wetting left-bank forest-steppe Drabiv Experimental Station (now the experimental field) Cherkassy DSHDS NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" set action and mutual influence of crop rotation, fertilizers, basic soil, weather agrophytocenoses on productivity and soil fertility. In view of climate change and market relations, ecological factor rotation is stabilizing soil-plant system for current and future agriculture. It selectively acts on mutual share of productivity crops grown on various soil cultivation technologies, reveals the features of formation of indicators of soil fertility, especially the humus balance and quality. The leading factor in the performance of field crop rotation is: after placing the best predecessors in the application of optimal doses of fertilizers and differentiated cultivation provides a stable grain yield at 5.5-6.5 t / ha. Collecting fodder units 1 hectare of crop rotation area was 10.8 and digestible protein 0,68-0,70 t / ha. Preference is for crop rotation with cereals 80%: 20% peas, 20 - winter wheat, 40% corn. In terms Panfyly research station on the same soil in average for 2004-2013 years. Short rotation driving and the effects of crop rotation and use of fertilizers on the characteristics of water and nutritious regime of soil, humus balance and nutrients, microbial activity processes, weed-infested state of agricultural crops. The meaning of income and quality of plant residues. The dependence of productivity, economic and energy efficiency different rotation types of field rotation. The technique for conducting reconstruction programs researching and the portion of the main factors of interference farming system and weather conditions on land use management.

scholarly journals Long-term dynamics of humus content under different technologies of soil tillage

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
P. Boyko ◽  
V. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Initial Content ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
Humus Accumulation

The continuous agronomic experiment revealed long-term dynamics of the total humus content and presented a forecast of the change in humus content in typical low humus chernozem under different technologies of till- age till 2050. Aim. To determine the rates of humus accumulation dynamics and mineralization of total humus and to develop the forecast of the change in its content within a continuous agronomic experiment under long- standing application of different technologies of soil tillage to typical low humus chernozem of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical, mathematical and statistical. Results. The application of different technologies of tillage to typical low humus chernozem for 42 years resulted only in the delay in dehumifi cation processes and some stabilization of humus mineralization, but it did not promote its preservation and extended restoration to the initial level as of the start of the experiment. The increase in the total humus content for simple and extended restoration of humus in the centennial cycle equaled 20–25 t and 30–33 t per 1 ha respectively. To ensure the increase in content and reserves of humus for 42 years, it is necessary to introduce 10–12 t of humus per 1 ha for simple restoration of total humus content and 14–15 t per 1 ha – for extended restoration annually. Conclusions. Simple restoration of humus in typical chernozem may be stated after achieving its actual (2017) content of at least 90 % from the content as of the beginning of the centennial cycle (92 years), which ensures maximal approximation to the non-decreasing cycle of humus dynamics trends in the centennial cycle. If the humus content is ensured in the actual measurement for the level, exceeding 90 % from the initial content, and dynamics trends are growing, one may state the success of achieving the state of extended restoration of humus. The obtained state of simple and extended accumulation of humus is ensured by the positivity of the trends of humus increase during the continuous experiment (42 years) with simultaneous decrease in dehumifi cation process in the centennial cycle (92 years) which is impos- sible to neutralize completely.

scholarly journals The impact of main tillage systems and fertilization for crops of a short crop rotation on agrochemical soil properties

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
I. Prymak ◽  
O. Panchenko ◽  
M. Voytovik ◽  
I. Panchenko ◽  
V. Karpenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Protective System ◽  
The Impact

The problem statement. For the last two decades in Ukraine a fast decrease in chornozemic soil fertility, especially a decline of its agrochemical properties, has been noticed. One of the way of improvement its fertility is to develop and implement scientifically-based resource-saving and soil-protective system of tillage operations along with rational fertilization of field crops on the tilled soil. The aim of the research – with the help of a field experiment to define a rational system of main tillage and fertilization of typical chornozemic soil under a grain row five course rotation which provides 5,5 t/ha of dry matter from a tilled field under the expanded reproduction of agrochemical indices of soil fertility and appropriate energetic efficiency. Conclusions. Under disc and beardless tillage especially of fertilized areas a differentiation of tilled soil layer according to the agrochemical indices of its fertility is observed. A stabilization of humus and general nitrogen content as well as fertilizer elements in a tilled soil layer occurs under application of 8 t/ha of pus + N76P64K57. The efficiency of humification processes in soil is the lowest under disc tillage and the highest under beard-beardless and beard tillage in a crop rotation. Along with the increase of soil depth of its tilled layer, annual decrease of its general nitrogen supply on the untilled areas under beard and differential tillage falls down. However, under beardless and disc tillage it increases. An inverse relation is observed on the untilled areas. Under beard and beard-beardless tillage almost the same crop rotation productivity was obtained, while under beardless and disc tillage the productivity was significantly lower. For a field grain row five course crop rotation of Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine a deep arable tillage is recommended only in one filed, and in the rest fields beardless and disc tillage with the application of 8 tones of pus per hectare of tilled field + N76P64K57 under a common reproduction and 12 t/ha of pus + N95P82K57 under expanded reproduction of typical chornozemic soil fertility is recommended. Key words: soil, tillage, crop rotation, fertilizers, fertility, rotation.

Humus state of chernozem at different ways of tillage in the agrosystems of the left-bank forest steppe of Ukraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
V. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Humus Accumulation ◽  
By Products ◽  
The Way

The contemporary condition of soil cover in Ukraine is characterized. The attention is focused onto widespread degradation processes in soils. The causes that determine the development of these negative processes are considered. The contemporary informational support for the condition of soil cover in Ukraine is estimated. In general, the current available information is of narrow-departmental nature, obtained by different methods and non-correlated monitoring programs. As a rule, it is stored in under-structured databases, incompatible with other information systems; mainly recorded on paper media unusable with modern technologies, whereby such information resources are diffi cult to be compiled together. These disadvantages are strong constraints against consistent usage of materials for evaluation, forecast and management of changes in the soil cover. The Soil Observation program should thereby be combined with Agrochemical Passportization and ecology-ameliora- tive monitoring; in other words, the application of innovative soil-agrochemical methodology is considered. Each individual type of surveys shall complement the others, and taken altogether, they shall constitute a con- sistent Information System, capable of solving the problems of assessing the condition, forecasting, manage- ment, usage and protection of soil resources. The monitoring procedures should be conducted on the basis of a new soil concept in line with unifi ed programs and methods, so as to meet European approaches to the maxi- mum extent. Such a technical composition enables getting information on present-day processes in soils, and is the only combination that actually helps us to “ecologize” our knowledge of soils, which is the leading trend in the scope of global soil-science. Thus obtained results will serve as a State-owned tool which would subse- quently facilitate the use and protection of soil resources all over the country, to be involved in a united global soil-information scope. The attention is focused onto social signifi cance of the information on soils and their fertility in terms of land resources optimization, as well as the formation of sustainable land use in Ukraine. Aim. To demonstrate the long-term effect of different ways of tillage of typical low-humus chernozem on the change in humus content and composition and the direction of transformation processes of organic fertili- zers. To study the changes in the structure of energy reserves in group and fractional composition of humus in typical low-humus light-loamy chernozem of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, microbiological, computational, mathematical and statistical. Results. It was determined that in conditions of long-term subsurface tillage the most effi cient humus accumulation occurs in the 0–20 cm layer of chernozem with simultaneous increase in its content in the lower part of the processed layer without any accumulation differentiation. Surface tillage leads to expressed differentiation in humus accumulation in the 0–20 cm layer of soil (0.005 % per year). When 6 t/ha of humus are replaced by 7 t/ha of by-products the intensity of humus accumulation is decreasing regardless of the way of tillage, but humus accumulation was found to be the most effi cient for subsurface tillage. The application of subsurface tillage leads to the increase in the ratio of C HA : C FA , which is conditioned by the increase in the humifi cation of plant remains of by-products in the 0−20 cm layer of soil by 110–112 % – for subsurface tillage, and by 105 % – for surface tillage. Conclusions. It was established that systematic subsurface tillage of typical chernozem of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine leads to the structuring both of the total reserves of energy С org , and its quality content, aimed at the increase in the intensity of the processes of humifi cation and accumulation of organic carbon, and the decrease in miner- alization. The ratio of energy reserves С org of humic acids to fulvic acids in the 0−30 cm layer of chernozem is 1.85−1.87 regardless of the way of tillage, which testifi es to the repeatability of humus accumulation, but the total reserves of energy С org was higher for subsurface tillage (+ 31 Teracalorie/ha) compared to deep plough- ing. As for the surface tillage, the energy enrichment was at the level of deep ploughing.

scholarly journals Agro-economic substantiation of the feasibility of green manured fallow in sugar beet crop rotations of the Central Chernozem Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Alexander Akimenko ◽  
Vyacheslav Sviridov ◽  
Tatiana Dudkina
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Central Chernozem Region ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop ◽  
Absolute Decrease ◽  
Central Chernozem

The aim of the study is to find out the feasibility of including green manured fallow in specialized sugar beet crop rotations by comparing necessary assessment indicators with their values in a traditional crop rotation with black fallow against the background of unequal fertilization levels. The study was based on the analysis of experimental data from a long-term stationary experiment, laid out simultaneously in all fields and variants on typical chernozem in triplicate. The results are as follows: within the same fertilization levels, no significant differences in the yield of winter wheat (sugar beet precursor) were revealed, and the yield of sugar beet in a crop rotation with green manured fallow was stably higher (no more than 5 to 7%), an increase in yield relative to the control fertilizer variant (6 tons of manure per hectare per year) against the background of a double rate of manure in combination with mineral fertilizers amounted to 21.7 to 23.4% for wheat and 14.3 to 15.6% for beets with an increase in the productivity of crop rotations (in natural and value terms) by 1.2 times, but an increase in costs by 1.3 times caused an absolute decrease in the level of profitability by 23 to 25%. Differences in the assessment indicators for specific fertilization variants increased over time due to an unequal degree of soil fertility reproduction, and therefore in the fifth cycle of the crop rotation with black fallow turned out to be 1.1 to 1.3 times greater than in the green manured rotation.

scholarly journals Soil fertility – the only possible foundation for more sustainable agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00119
Author(s):  
Boris Boincean ◽  
David Dent
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Face ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Perennial Legumes ◽  
Reductionist Approach

The reductionist approach to intensification of agriculture has created unanticipated economic, ecological and social consequences. Across the steppes, elimination of perennial legumes from the crop rotation and even elimination of crop rotation, large areas under black fallow, and the demise of crop and animal husbandry are draining soil fertility – and in many places loss of the soil itself. Data from long-term field experiments demonstrate the importance of perennial legumes in crop rotation for nitrogen- and water-use efficiency, accumulation of soil organic matter in deeper soil layers, and resilience in the face of drought.

scholarly journals Justification of elements of rice cultivation technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 01006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Malysheva ◽  
Anna Khadzhidi ◽  
Evgeny Kuznetsov ◽  
Noureldin Sharaby ◽  
Alexander Koltsov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the research is to identify the impact of sprinkler irrigation in rice crop rotation on rice productivity and soil fertility of irrigated lands of the Krasnodar region. To achieve this goal, the tasks of studying the density of weed seedlings after sprinkler irrigation, the content of water-soluble salts and humus in the soil of rice fields, and the reaction of an intensive variety of rice cultivated after irrigation and drainage techniques in rice fields were completed. Material and methods. Field studies were carried out on the Kuban irrigation system of the Krasnodar territory, which is the most typical in terms of soil conditions for the western climatic zone of the region, with various variants for sprinkler irrigation after major planning of basins. An intensive of Rapan rice variety was used. The methods of the Federal Research Center for Rice, the Kuban State Agrarian University, and Russian standards were applied. Conclusions, the obtained results of the conducted studies prove the effectiveness of sprinkler irrigation in rice crop rotation, increase soil fertility, rice productivity, and contribute to the production of environmentally friendly products without herbicides treatment.

scholarly journals Impact of regional weather anomalies on the agroecosystems of the Left Bank Forest Steppe

2016 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
H. Dovhal ◽  
N. Voloshyna
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ecosystem Complex

Importance of the territory climatic conditions as unpredictable dynamic changes problem that forms a threat to the development of the agricultural sector of the country was investigated. The problem comes from the fact that for food security of agricultural ecosystem it is rather vulnerable to change of climatic parameters, and agriculture belongs to branches which are especially sensitive to climatic changes impact. We analyzed long-term data figures for the period 1995 to 2014, which describe the temperature and moisture regime of Lubny (Poltava region). The main trends and patterns of their dynamics were established, the degree of deviation from the long-term norm was given. The author determined the relationship of the territorial climatic conditions changes and agricultural ecosystem performance and stability and also the potential consequences of the adverse effects. As a result, it was found that the expansion of the growing season crops, due to the increase in temperature and the average value of the classical heat supply plant index, may impair the stability of the agricultural ecosystem complex and reduce its performance. At the same time, one of the adapting agricultural production ways to climate change, which does not require any additional costs, is to optimize the placement of crops due to the harmonization of the production specialization ratio in accordance with the area conditions.

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