DIMETHYL DISULFIDE AS A NEW CHEMICAL POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVE TO METHYL BROMIDE IN SOIL DISINFESTATION IN FRANCE

2005 ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fritsch
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Potential Alternative

Fate of14C-EPTC in a Soil Exhibiting Accelerated Degradation of Carbamothioate Herbicides and Its Control

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Tal ◽  
Baruch Rubin ◽  
Jaacov Katan ◽  
Nadav Aharonson
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Soil Sterilization ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Herbicide Degradation ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
History Of

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the fate of14C-EPTC in a soil that had a history of vernolate application and exhibited accelerated degradation of carbamothioate herbicides compared to nonhistory soil. A very rapid mineralization of the herbicide to14CO2was evident in history soil, compared to nonhistory soil. The two soils did not differ in the amounts of the EPTC lost through volatilization or in the nonextractable radioactive fractions. Except for small quantities of EPTC-sulfoxide and sulfone, no other metabolites were detected. Degradation of14C-EPTC, as determined by evolution of14CO2in history soil, was drastically inhibited following soil sterilization by means of autoclaving or gamma irradiation. Soil disinfestation by solarization, methyl bromide, or metham had a pronounced inhibitory effect during the first 6 days, but was less effective than sterilization. Treatment of a history soil with the fungicide 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride and dietholate strongly inhibited EPTC degradation, while thiram and fentin acetate had only short lasting effects. Cycloheximide, an antifungal antibiotic, had little effect on the degradation of EPTC while chloramphenicol, an antibacterial antibiotic, inhibited the herbicide degradation. These results indicate that accelerated degradation of EPTC is linked to the activity of soil microorganisms, e.g. bacteria, and can be controlled by sterilization and chemical treatments.

scholarly journals Methyl Bromide Alternatives for High Tunnel Strawberry Production in Southern Spain

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. López-Aranda ◽  
Luis Miranda ◽  
Juan J. Medina ◽  
Carmen Soria ◽  
Berta de los Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Oxide ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Methyl Bromide Alternatives

Field trials were conducted in two locations in Spain to determine the effect of methyl bromide (MBr) alternatives on soilborne diseases and nematodes, and strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) yields under high-tunnel conditions. Fumigant treatments were applied to the same plots each year. Treatments were MBr + chloropicrin (Pic) (50:50, v/v) at a rate of 400 kg·ha−1; 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) + Pic (65:35, v/v) at 300 kg·ha−1; Pic at 300 kg·ha−1; dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) + Pic (50:50, v/v) at 500 kg·ha−1; propylene oxide at 550 kg·ha−1; dazomet at 400 kg·ha−1; and calcium cyanamide (Ca-cyanamide) at 700 kg·ha−1. A nontreated control was also included. Fumigation with MBr + Pic, 1,3-D + Pic, Pic, and DMDS + Pic consistently improved early and total marketable strawberry yields in both locations. This response was caused by successful soilborne fungus and nematode control, improving strawberry growth and development, which resulted in increased plant canopy diameters and higher strawberry early and total yield.

scholarly journals Weed Control in Strawberry Provided by Shank- and Drip-applied Methyl Bromide Alternative Fumigants

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Fennimore ◽  
M.J. Haar ◽  
H.A. Ajwa
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Potential Alternative

The loss of methyl bromide (MB) as a soil fumigant has created the need for new weed management systems for crops such as strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne). Potential alternative chemicals to replace methyl bromide fumigation include 1,3-D, chloropicrin (CP), and metam sodium. Application of emulsified formulations of these fumigants through the drip irrigation system is being tested as an alternative to the standard shank injection method of fumigant application in strawberry production. The goal of this research was to evaluate the weed control efficacy of alternative fumigants applied through the drip irrigation system and by shank injection. The fumigant 1,3-D in a mixture with CP was drip-applied as InLine (60% 1,3-D plus 32% CP) at 236 and 393 L·ha-1 or shank injected as Telone C35 (62% 1,3-D plus 35% CP) at 374 L·ha-1. Chloropicrin (CP EC, 95%) was drip-applied singly at 130 and 200 L·ha-1 or shank injected (CP, 99%) at 317 kg·ha-1. Vapam HL (metam sodium 42%) was drip-applied singly at 420 and 700 L·ha-1. InLine was drip-applied at 236 and 393 L·ha-1, and then 6 d later followed by (fb) drip-applied Vapam HL at 420 and 700 L·ha-1, respectively. CP EC was drip-applied simultaneously with Vapam HL at 130 plus 420 L·ha-1 and as a sequential application at 200 fb 420 L·ha-1, respectively. Results were compared to the commercial standard, MB : CP mixture (67:33) shank-applied at 425 kg·ha-1 and the untreated control. Chloropicrin EC at 200 L·ha-1 and InLine at 236 to 393 L·ha-1 each applied singly controlled weeds as well as MB : CP at 425 kg·ha-1. Application of these fumigants through the drip irrigation systems provided equal or better weed control than equivalent rates applied by shank injection. InLine and CP EC efficacy on little mallow (Malva parviflora L.) or prostrate knotweed (Polygonum aviculare L.) seed buried at the center of the bed did not differ from MB : CP. However, the percentage of weed seed survival at the edge of the bed was often higher in the drip-applied treatments than in the shank-applied treatments, possibly due to the close proximity of the shank-injected fumigant to the edge of the bed. Vapam HL was generally less effective than MB : CP on the native weed population or on weed seed. The use of Vapam HL in combination with InLine or CP EC did not provide additional weed control benefit. Chemical names used: 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D); sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (metam sodium); methyl bromide; trichloro-nitromethane (chloropicrin).

Nutsedge (Cyperusspp.) Control in Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Using Fallow-Period Weed Management and Fumigation for Two Years

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ryan Miller ◽  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
Gary E. Vallad ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Single Input

Integrated management programs are becoming increasingly necessary for nutsedge control in the absence of methyl bromide. In 2012, field studies were established and maintained for a period of 2 yr at two locations to evaluate the additive effect of fallow programs and preplant fumigants for nutsedge control in bell pepper. The study included eight fallow programs consisting of eight combinations of glyphosate (G) and cultivation (C), and two fumigants; 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin, dimethyl-disulfide + chloropicrin, and a nontreated check. All fallow programs provided greater late-season control of nutsedge compared to the nontreated, with the greatest control of nutsedge observed with glyphosate fb (followed by) glyphosate (GG) and glyphosate fb cultivation fb glyphosate (GCG) fallow programs. Fumigation provided additional nutsedge control in single-input fallow programs. Increased marketable yield was observed in 2012 with the application of either fumigant compared to a nonfumigated control. Furthermore, increased marketable yield was observed with more intensive fallow programs in 2013. Nutsedge control in bell pepper was significantly increased when a fallow program was used in combination with other weed-management practices.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control with Reduced Rates of Dimethyl Disulfide in Combination with Totally Impermeable Film

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore McAvoy ◽  
Joshua H. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
High Rate ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Standard Rate

Methyl bromide (MBr) was widely used as a soil fumigant to manage pests in the planting bed prior to transplanting fresh market tomato; however, it has been banned by the United Nations Environment Programme. Alternatives to MBr must be implemented to sustain productivity in fresh market tomato. Dimethyl disulfide plus chloropicrin (DMDS : Pic) is a fumigant alternative to methyl bromide for the management of yellow nutsedge and other soil-borne pests in tomato. Fumigant costs, environmental concerns, and risk mitigation measures encourage reduced fumigant application rates. Virtually impermeable film (VIF) and totally impermeable film (TIF) provide greater fumigant retention than low density and high density polyethylene film, VIF and TIF can allow for reduced fumigant application rates while maintaining fumigant efficacy. The objectives of this research were to evaluate TIF with reduced rates of shank-applied DMDS : Pic (79 : 21 w/w) for the control of yellow nutsedge in tomato. Treatments included a standard rate of DMDS : Pic (468 L ha−1) under VIF and TIF, a high rate (561 L ha−1) under VIF, three reduced rates (187 L ha−1, 281 L ha−1, and 374 L ha−1) under TIF, and a nontreated control under TIF and VIF. Results indicated rates may be reduced from a standard 468 L ha−1under VIF to 187 L ha−1(67% reduction) under TIF while maintaining yellow nutsedge control and tomato yields. In addition, the results indicated that nontreated TIF managed yellow nutsedge better than nontreated VIF because of decreased penetration of the mulch by yellow nutsedge.

RECAPTURED QUARANTINE METHYL BROMIDE: AN ALTERNATIVE TO METHYL BROMIDE FOR SOIL DISINFESTATION?

2014 ◽  
pp. 381-388
Author(s):  
S.W. Mattner ◽  
I.J. Porter ◽  
J.L. Falco ◽  
W. Grullemans
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Soil Disinfestation

Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation (ASD) Combined with Soil Solarization as a Methyl Bromide Alternative: Vegetable Crop Performance and Soil Nutrient Dynamics

2014 ◽  
Vol 378 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 365-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Butler ◽  
Nancy Kokalis-Burelle ◽  
Joseph P. Albano ◽  
T. Greg McCollum ◽  
Joji Muramoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Solarization ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Crop Performance
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