Nutsedge (Cyperusspp.) Control in Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Using Fallow-Period Weed Management and Fumigation for Two Years

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ryan Miller ◽  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
Gary E. Vallad ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Single Input

Integrated management programs are becoming increasingly necessary for nutsedge control in the absence of methyl bromide. In 2012, field studies were established and maintained for a period of 2 yr at two locations to evaluate the additive effect of fallow programs and preplant fumigants for nutsedge control in bell pepper. The study included eight fallow programs consisting of eight combinations of glyphosate (G) and cultivation (C), and two fumigants; 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin, dimethyl-disulfide + chloropicrin, and a nontreated check. All fallow programs provided greater late-season control of nutsedge compared to the nontreated, with the greatest control of nutsedge observed with glyphosate fb (followed by) glyphosate (GG) and glyphosate fb cultivation fb glyphosate (GCG) fallow programs. Fumigation provided additional nutsedge control in single-input fallow programs. Increased marketable yield was observed in 2012 with the application of either fumigant compared to a nonfumigated control. Furthermore, increased marketable yield was observed with more intensive fallow programs in 2013. Nutsedge control in bell pepper was significantly increased when a fallow program was used in combination with other weed-management practices.

The Influence of Weed Management in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Stubble on Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
John Cardina ◽  
Mark M. Loux
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Wheat Stubble

The objectives of this study were to determine how the timing of weed management treatments in winter wheat stubble affects weed control the following season and to determine if spring herbicide rates in corn can be reduced with appropriately timed stubble management practices. Field studies were conducted at two sites in Ohio between 1993 and 1995. Wheat stubble treatments consisted of glyphosate (0.84 kg ae/ha) plus 2,4-D (0.48 kg ae/ha) applied in July, August, or September, or at all three timings, and a nontreated control. In the following season, spring herbicide treatments consisted of a full rate of atrazine (1.7 kg ai/ha) plus alachlor (2.8 kg ai/ha) preemergence, a half rate of these herbicides, or no spring herbicide treatment. Across all locations, a postharvest treatment of glyphosate plus 2,4-D followed by alachlor plus atrazine at half or full rates in the spring controlled all broadleaf weeds, except giant ragweed, at least 88%. Giant foxtail control at three locations was at least 83% when a postharvest glyphosate plus 2,4-D treatment was followed by spring applications of alachlor plus atrazine at half or full rates. Weed control in treatments without alachlor plus atrazine was variable, although broadleaf control from July and August glyphosate plus 2,4-D applications was greater than from September applications. Where alachlor and atrazine were not applied, August was generally the best timing of herbicide applications to wheat stubble for reducing weed populations the following season.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Transplanted Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) with Pretransplant Tank Mixes of Sulfentrazone, S-metolachlor, and Dimethenamid-p

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1492-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Kristen McNaughton ◽  
Nader Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Excellent Control

Pepper growers currently have limited access to many effective broadleaf herbicides. Field trials were conducted over a 3-year period in Ontario to study the effect of tank mixtures of sulfentrazone (100 or 200 g·ha−1 a.i.) with either s-metolachlor (1200 or 2400 g·ha−1 a.i.) or dimethenamid-p (750 or 1500 g·ha−1 a.i.) on transplanted bell pepper. Under weed-free conditions, there was no visual injury or reduction in plant height, fruit number, fruit size, or marketable yield of transplanted pepper with pretransplant applications of sulfentrazone applied in tank mixtures with s-metolachlor or dimethenamid-p. The tank mixture of sulfentrazone + s-metolachlor gave greater than 85% control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum), but only 70% to 76% control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). The combination of sulfentrazone + dimethenamid-p provided good to excellent control of all weed species except velvetleaf. Based on this study, sulfentrazone and dimethenamid-p have potential for minor use registration in pepper.

Herbicide Rate Effects on Weed and Root Maggot Dynamics in Canola

Weed Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim S. Broatch ◽  
Lloyd M. Dosdall ◽  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
K Neil Harker ◽  
George W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Root Maggot

Weed management strategies can influence insect infestations in field crops, yet no attempts have been made previously to manipulate weed populations in canola for integrated weed and insect management. Field studies were conducted during 2003 to 2005 at Lacombe and Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada to manipulate weed and root maggot, Delia spp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), interactions in canola. Densities of monocot weeds were varied by altering herbicide applications, with rates ranging from 0 to 100% of the rate recommended. Weed populations declined, and yields were variable with increased herbicide rates. Root maggot damage decreased with increases in monocot weed dry weight for both canola species at both study sites. Results support the hypothesis that heterogenous environments, arising from mixed populations of monocot weeds with canola, minimize opportunities for females of Delia spp. to complete the behavioral sequence required for oviposition, leading to reduced infestation levels in weedy systems. However, effects of dicot weeds on root maggot infestations varied between sites as a result of site-related differences in weed species complexes. When wild mustard was common, crop damage increased, because this weed can serve as an alternate host for root maggots. The study emphasizes the importance of adopting crop management practices that are compatible for both weed and root maggot control.

Effect of Bicyclopyrone on Triploid Watermelon in Plasticulture

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Bertucci ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

AbstractField studies were conducted to determine watermelon tolerance and yield response when treated with bicyclopyrone preplant (PREPLANT), POST, and POST-directed (POST-DIR). Treatments consisted of two rates of bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ai ha–1), fomesafen (175 g ai ha–1), S-metolachlor (802 g ai ha–1), and a nontreated check. Preplant treatments were applied to formed beds 1 d prior to transplanting and included bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) and fomesafen (175 g ha–1), and new polyethylene mulch was subsequently laid above treated beds. POST and POST-DIR treatments were applied 14 ± 1 d after watermelon transplanting and included bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) POST and POST-DIR, and S-metolachlor (802 g ai ha–1) POST-DIR. POST-DIR treatments were applied to row middles, ensuring that no herbicide contacted watermelon vines or polyethylene mulch. At 2 wk after transplanting (WAT), 15% foliar bleaching was observed in watermelon treated with bicyclopyrone (50 g ha–1) PRE. At 3 WAT, bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) POST caused 16% and 17% foliar bleaching and 8% and 9% crop stunting, respectively. At 4 WAT, initial injury had subsided and bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) POST caused 4% and 4% foliar bleaching and 4% and 8% crop stunting, respectively. No symptoms of bleaching or stunting were observed at 6- and 8-WAT ratings. Watermelon total yield, marketable yield, total fruit number, marketable fruit number, and average fruit size were unaffected by herbicide treatments. Therefore, registration of bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) PREPLANT, POST, and POST-DIR would offer watermelon producers a safe herbicide option and a novel mode of action for weed management.

Herbicidal Performance of Phenyl Isothiocyanate in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Edward E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
The United States ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Phenyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Methyl bromide is a common fumigant for effective weed control in polyethylene-mulched vegetable crops. However, the ban on methyl bromide in the United States has created a need to find a suitable alternative. This study investigated the herbicidal efficacy of phenyl isothiocyanate (ITC) as a methyl bromide alternative for weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper during 2006 and 2007. Six rates of phenyl ITC (0, 15, 75, 150, 750, 1,500 kg ha−1) under low-density polyethylene (LDPE) or virtually impermeable film (VIF) mulch were tested against yellow nutsedge, Palmer amaranth, and large crabgrass. Additionally, a standard treatment of methyl bromide/chloropicrin (67 : 33%) at 390 kg ha−1under LDPE mulch was included for comparison. VIF mulch provided no advantage over LDPE mulch in either improving weed control or marketable yield in bell pepper. Unacceptable pepper injury (≥ 60%) occurred at the highest phenyl ITC rate of 1,500 kg ha−1at 2 WATP in both years, regardless of mulch type. Higher bell pepper injury was observed in 2006 (≥ 36%) than in 2007 (≤ 11%) at 750 kg ha−1of phenyl ITC. The lower injury in 2007 could be attributed to aeration of beds 48 h prior to transplanting. Regardless of mulch type, phenyl ITC at 2,071 (± 197) and 1,655 (± 309) kg ha−1was required to control yellow nutsedge, Palmer amaranth, and large crabgrass equivalent to methyl bromide in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Bell pepper marketable yield at all rates of phenyl ITC was lower than methyl bromide in 2006. In contrast, marketable yield in phenyl ITC at 750–kg ha−1was equivalent to methyl bromide in 2007. It is concluded that phenyl ITC should be applied at least 4.2 times higher rate than methyl bromide for effective weed control, and bed aeration is required to minimize crop injury and yield loss. Additional research is needed to test phenyl ITC in combination with other weed control strategies to obtain effective weed control with acceptable crop safety.

Impact of integrated management systems on jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) populations

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1010-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. White ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
Francis E. Northam
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass

Research during the past several decades on jointed goatgrass management has focused on individual cultural practices rather than on multi- or interdisciplinary components. Field studies were conducted at Hays, KS, from 1997 to 2003 to evaluate the interaction of crop rotation, fallow weed management, and winter wheat variety on jointed goatgrass density. Extending a wheat–fallow (W–F) rotation to include grain sorghum or grain sorghum and sunflower reduced jointed goatgrass populations more than other cultural practices tested. Fallow treatments were equal in most years, but mechanical fallow resulted in increased jointed goatgrass emergence compared with chemical fallow under drought conditions. Winter wheat cultivars had little effect on jointed goatgrass populations. However, taller, more competitive varieties are favorable for jointed goatgrass control in an integrated management program. No specific combination of crop rotation, fallow weed management, and wheat variety consistently reduced jointed goatgrass density more than other combinations during multiple years.

Bell Pepper and Weed Response to Dimethyl Disulfide plus Chloropicrin and Herbicide Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Eure ◽  
A. Stanley Culpepper
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Phase Out

Bell pepper producers are faced with the challenge of controlling weeds following the phase-out of methyl bromide (MBr). Numerous attempts have been made to find a single fumigant or herbicide to control a broad spectrum of weeds. Adequate weed control in bell pepper will likely require weed management systems utilizing both fumigant and herbicide options. A weed management system including the fumigant dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) plus chloropicrin (Pic) plus the herbicide napropamide prior to transplant followed byS-metolachlor POST may be necessary to replace MBr. Field experiments were conducted during 2010 and 2011 near Ty Ty, Georgia to determine bell pepper and weed response to DMDS plus Pic or in systems with napropamide and/orS-metolachlor. Bell pepper were not significantly injured by DMDS plus Pic or napropamide. Injury caused byS-metolachlor was transient and plants fully recovered by 4 weeks after treatment (WAT). Yellow nutsedge control 6 WAT using DMDS plus Pic applied at 468 or 560 L ha−1controlled yellow nutsedge 91 to 95%. Large crabgrass control 6 WAT was 92 to 100% when DMDS plus Pic was applied at 468 or 560 L ha−1with or without a(n) herbicide (S-metolachlor or napropamide). Palmer Amaranth control prior to harvest was 21, 64, and 85% using DMDS plus Pic at 374, 468, or 560 L ha−1, respectively. DMDS plus Pic applied at 468 or 560 L ha-1with napropamide followed byS-metolachlor POST gave 95 to 99% control of Palmer amaranth 6 WAT. Consistent weed control and optimum yields were obtained when DMDS plus Pic was used at 468 L ha−1plus napropamide beneath plastic mulch followed byS-metolachlor POST.

Efficacy and Economics of Herbicide Programs Compared to Methyl Bromide for Weed Control in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Devkota ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Ron Rainey
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Herbicide Programs

In the absence of an effective alternative to methyl bromide (MeBr), weeds cause a significant economic loss in bell pepper production. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and economics of PRE followed by (fb) POST-directed (POST-DIR) herbicide programs compared with MeBr for weed control in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) mulched bell pepper production. Imazosulfuron at 0.112, 0.224, and 0.336 kg ai ha−1andS-metolachlor at 1.6 kg ai ha−1were PRE-applied fb POST-DIR applied mixture of trifloxysulfuron + halosulfuron at 0.008 and 0.027 kg ai ha−1, respectively, at 4 wk after transplanting (WATP). The standard MeBr treatment (67 and 33% mixture of MeBr + chloropicrin) was applied at 390 kg ai ha−1. In addition, a weed-free (hand weeding) and a non-treated control were used for comparison.S-metolachlor-containing herbicide program controlled Palmer amaranth ≥ 90%, large crabgrass ≥ 78%, and yellow nutsedge ≥ 90%, which were comparable to MeBr. After POST-DIR herbicide application, bell pepper was injured ≥ 17% with theS-metolachlor-containing herbicide program at 6 WATP; however, the crop later recovered. Marketable bell pepper yield in plots treated withS-metolachlor (≥ 29.9 ton ha−1) was comparable to those treated with MeBr. Economic evaluation of the imazosulfuron herbicide programs demonstrated the loss of ≥ $7,300 ha−1. Conversely, theS-metolachlor-containing herbicide program was profitable with a net return of $9,912 ha−1. In addition, theS-metolachlor herbicide program generated a net profit of $173 ha−1compared to the MeBr application. Therefore, PRE-appliedS-metolachlor fb POST-DIR applied trifloxysulfuron + halosulfuron is a potential alternative to MeBr for weed management in LDPE-mulched bell pepper production given the weed spectrum evaluated in this study.

Effect of Drip-Applied Metam-Sodium andS-Metolachlor on Yellow Nutsedge and Common Purslane in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper and Tomato

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Dayton ◽  
Sushila Chaudhari ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Greg W. Hoyt
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Common Purslane

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of metam sodium andS-metolachlor applied through drip irrigation on yellow nutsedge, common purslane, bell pepper, and tomato (injury and yield) in plasticulture. Treatments consisted of weed-free, weedy,S-metolachlor alone at 0.85 kg ha-1, methyl bromide, metam sodium (43, 86, 176, and 358 kg ai ha–1) alone, and metam sodium (43, 86, 176, and 358 kg ai ha–1) followed byS-metolachlor at 0.85 kg ha–1. Metam sodium andS-metolachlor was applied preplant 2 wk before and 2 wk after transplanting (WAT) through drip irrigation, respectively. No injury was observed to bell pepper and tomato from metam sodium alone, or metam sodium fbS-metolachlor treatments. With the exception of yellow nutsedge density 15 WAT in bell pepper, herbicide program did not influence yellow nutsedge and common purslane density at 4 and 6 WAT and bell pepper and tomato yield. At 15 WAT, yellow nutsedge density was lower in treatments that received metam sodium fbS-metolachlor compared to those treatments that only received metam sodium. Drip-applied metam sodium at 176 and 358 kg ha–1in both bell pepper and tomato provided similar control of common purslane, and yellow nutsedge, produced comparable yields, and failed to elicit any negative crop growth responses when compared to MeBr. In conclusion, metam sodium at 176 and 358 kg ha–1fbS-metolachlor 0.85 kg ha–1is an effective MeBr alternative for season long weed control in plasticulture bell pepper and tomato.

scholarly journals Resurgence of Soilborne Pests in Doublecropped Cucumber after Application of Methyl Bromide Chemical Alternatives and Solarization in Tomato

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Gilreath ◽  
Timothy N. Motis ◽  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
Joseph W. Noling ◽  
Salvadore J. Locascio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field studies were conducted during four consecutive tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) -cucumber (Cucumis sativus) rotations to examine the longterm residual effects of tomato methyl bromide (MBr) alternatives on soilborne pests in double-cropped cucumber. Four treatments were established in tomato fields: a) nontreated control; b) MBr + chloropicrin (Pic) (67:33 by weight) at a rate of 350 lb/acre; c) tank-mixed pebulate + napropamide at 4 and 2 lb/acre, respectively, followed by 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) + Pic (83:17 by volume) at 40 gal/acre; and d) napropamide at 2 lb/acre followed by soil solarization for 7 to 8 weeks. Each of the following seasons, cucumber was planted in the same tomato plots without removing mulch films. For nutsedge [purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus)] densities, napropamide followed by solarization plots had equal control (≤15 plants/m2) as MBr + Pic during all four cropping seasons. However, nematode control with solarization was inconsistent. Marketable yield data proved that fumigation in tomato fields with either MBr + Pic or pebulate + napropamide followed by 1,3-D + Pic had a long-term effect on double-cropped cucumber.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document