EFFECT OF PACLOBUTRAZOL AND PROHEXADIONE-CALCIUM ON SHOOT GROWTH RATE AND GROWTH CONTROL IN ´BLANQUILLA´ AND ´CONFERENCE´ PEAR

2006 ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Asin ◽  
P. Vilardell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Shoot growth control of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) with prohexadione-calcium

2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Smit ◽  
J.J. Meintjes ◽  
G. Jacobs ◽  
P.J.C. Stassen ◽  
K.I. Theron
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Performance of prohexadione-calcium on shoot growth and fruit quality of apple — Effect of spray surfactants

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cline ◽  
C. G. Embree ◽  
J. Hebb ◽  
D. S. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
The Us ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Vegetative growth control of apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is necessary to maintain a balance between growth and cropping. Pruning is a labour-intensive management practice to achieve this and intrinsically stimulates new growth. Prohexadione-calcium (PC) is a plant bio-regulator that effectively regulat es the shoot extension growth of apples and other tree fruits. Previous research has demonstrated that its efficacy can vary based on the use of spray surfactants and adjuvants. This study investigated the efficacy of two rates of Apogee™, the commercial form of PC, used in combination with the spray surfactants Sylgard 309 and LI 700, on extension shoot growth and yield parameters. Experiments were conducted in Ontario on Empire and Nova Scotia on Royal Court™ Cortland apples. Treatments of 0, 75 or 125 mg L-1 PC, with and without either 0.5% (vol/vol.) LI 700 surfactant or 0.05% (vol/vol) Sylgard 309 surfactant were applied to Empire trees, and 75 or 125 mg L-1 PC, with or without 0.5% (vol/vol) LI 700, were applied to Royal Court™ trees. An untreated control treatment was also included for comparison purposes. A total of two sprays were applied to the Empire trees and a total of three sprays were applied to the Royal Court™ trees. PC significantly decreased the vegetative growth of Empire and Royal Court™ trees by approximately 18 to 44%, respectively, and the efficacy of PC was enhanced when combined with either Sylgard 309 or LI 700 surfactant. No additional benefit in vegetative growth control was gained when using Apogee™ at rates of 125 mg L-1 PC, relative to 75 mg L-1 PC. The rate of Apogee™ did not influence the number of fruit or yield per tree or mean fruit size of either cultivar. For Empire, LI 700 and Sylgard 309 significantly reduced the number of fruit per tree, resulting in lower yields and crop densities. In addition, higher mean fruit weights, and a greater distribution of fruit in the larger size categories were observed for LI 700. Fruit from Royal Court trees treated with the highest rate of Apogee™ had higher crop densities, poorer coloured fruit, and a higher percentage of fruit less than 60 mm in diameter. These data provide support for the use of alternative surfactants with Apogee™ other than those listed on the US and Canadian product labels. Key words: Apogee™, Empire, Cortland, Regalis, calcium 3-oxido-5-oxo-4-propionylcyclohex-3-enecarboxylate, surfactant

Shoot Growth Rate of Soybean as Affected by Drought Stress 1

1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Hoogenboom ◽  
Curt M. Peterson ◽  
M. G. Huck
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate

scholarly journals Shoot Growth Rate and Density Affect Bud Necrosis of `Riesling' Grapevines

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony K. Wolf ◽  
M. Kay Warren
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Dormant Bud ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate ◽  
Growing Conditions

Examination of `Riesling' grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in Virginia suggested that a high incidence of bud necrosis (BN) in some vineyards was associated with canopy shade and rapid shoot growth. BN appeared to originate as an abortion and dehydration of the primary, and occasionally secondary, buds of the developing dormant bud. BN frequency was lowest among the basal four nodes of a given shoot or cane, and increased in frequency through node 20. Experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1992 to evaluate the specific involvement of shoot growth rate and canopy shade on `Riesling' BN. Shoot growth rate (SGR), measured in a 17-day period around bloom, had a significant, positive relationship with BN in one of two vineyards. BN was positively associated with cane diameter and average internode length. Applying the growth retardant paclobutrazol significantly reduced SGR and BN incidence up to 80% among nodes 6 to 15 in two separate vineyards. Artificial shade (64% or 92% reduction in photosynthetic photon flux), suspended over vine canopies in the 3-week period before véraison, did not affect BN. Shoots of canopies that had been thinned before bloom to 10 shoots/m of canopy expressed slightly lower BN levels than shoots sampled from canopies that had been thinned to 20 shoots per meter. `Riesling' BN appeared more influenced by shoot vigor than shade under Virginia growing conditions. Chemical name β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

scholarly journals Irrigation Frequency Affects Zoysiagrass Rooting and Plant Water Status

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.L. Qian ◽  
J.D. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Leaf Rolling ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate

`Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) was established on a silt loam soil in 27-cm-diameter × 92-cm-deep containers in a greenhouse to investigate the influence of irrigation frequency on turfgrass rooting and drought tolerance. Turf was irrigated daily or at the onset of leaf rolling with a water volume equal to the cumulative evapotranspiration of well-watered turf in small weighing lysimeters. After >90 days of irrigation treatments, a dry-down was imposed during which no additional water was applied for 55 days. A recovery period followed during which time turf was watered to maintain soil matric potential at greater than –30 kPa. Compared to turf irrigated daily, that watered at the onset of leaf rolling exhibited 1) 32% to 36% lower leaf water potential and 14% to 22% lower osmotic potential before the onset of drought; 2) 13% higher leaf water potential ≈40 days into dry-down; 3) more extensive rooting at 55- and 75-cm soil depths as indicated by 11% to 19% lower volumetric soil moisture content at the end of dry-down; 4) 25% to 40% lower shoot growth rate during irrigation and 13% to 33% higher shoot growth rate during dry-down; and 5) higher quality ratings during dry-down and recovery. Thus, deep, infrequent irrigation better prepares zoysiagrass for an oncoming drought than light, frequent irrigation.

scholarly journals Nutrient and secondary metabolite concentrations in a savanna are independently affected by large herbivores and shoot growth rate

Plant Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 215 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Scogings ◽  
Joakim Hjältén ◽  
Christina Skarpe ◽  
Dawood Hattas ◽  
Alpheus Zobolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate

Early Root and Shoot Development of Nine Plant Species

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Evetts ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The root growth rate index of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) was significantly greater than that of five other weed species. The root growth rate index of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘RS-626’] was found to be significantly higher than that of soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Ford’]. Shoot growth rate indexes of three perennial broadleaf species studied were significantly lower than shoot growth rate indexes of six annual species. Root weights of perennial broadleaf species were not significantly different from root weights of velvetleaf and soybeans. Soybeans were found to have a significantly higher shoot to root ratio than seven weed species but not higher than sorghum. All other species had larger leaf weights and leaf areas than the three broadleaf perennials. While there were significant differences in leaf weights among six species, there were no significant differences in leaf area. Seed weight was not significantly correlated with emergence rate index and root weight but was correlated to all other factors studied. Emergence rate index was correlated with root growth rate index but not with shoot growth rate index.

Influence of prohexadione calcium (Apogee®) on shoot growth of non-bearing mature apple trees in two different growing regions

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. -P. Privé ◽  
J. Cline ◽  
E. Fava
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Mature Apple

Orchard experiments were conducted on mature non-bearing apple ( Malus × domesticaBorkh.) trees to determine the efficacy of prohexadione-calcium (PC), formulated as Apogee® [27.5% PC + 56.1% (NH4)2 SO4 +16.4% ot her proprietary additives] for shoot growth control on six cultivars grown in Ontario (ON) and one grown in New Brunswick (NB), Canada. Seasonal patterns of extension shoot growth among cultivars in both locations were also compared. Results indicate that PC applications are most effective at the beginning of the season, when relative growth rates were greatest in eastern Canada. Four applications of PC failed to significantly reduce shoot growth more than two applications in either location. However, the level of control might have been more effective in ON if treatment applications were initiated earlier in the season. Although tree vigor and shoot growth differed between cultivars and locations, PC significantly and consistently reduced shoot growth and relative shoot growth rates for all cultivars at both locations. Empire shoots treated with PC were approximately 33 and 37% shorter at the end of the season in NB and ON, respectively. Key words: Calcium 3-oxido-5-oxo-4-propionylcyclohex-3-enecarboxylate, anti-giberellin, plant growth regulator, relative growth rate, Malus

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