scholarly journals Shoot Growth Rate and Density Affect Bud Necrosis of `Riesling' Grapevines

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony K. Wolf ◽  
M. Kay Warren
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Dormant Bud ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate ◽  
Growing Conditions

Examination of `Riesling' grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in Virginia suggested that a high incidence of bud necrosis (BN) in some vineyards was associated with canopy shade and rapid shoot growth. BN appeared to originate as an abortion and dehydration of the primary, and occasionally secondary, buds of the developing dormant bud. BN frequency was lowest among the basal four nodes of a given shoot or cane, and increased in frequency through node 20. Experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1992 to evaluate the specific involvement of shoot growth rate and canopy shade on `Riesling' BN. Shoot growth rate (SGR), measured in a 17-day period around bloom, had a significant, positive relationship with BN in one of two vineyards. BN was positively associated with cane diameter and average internode length. Applying the growth retardant paclobutrazol significantly reduced SGR and BN incidence up to 80% among nodes 6 to 15 in two separate vineyards. Artificial shade (64% or 92% reduction in photosynthetic photon flux), suspended over vine canopies in the 3-week period before véraison, did not affect BN. Shoots of canopies that had been thinned before bloom to 10 shoots/m of canopy expressed slightly lower BN levels than shoots sampled from canopies that had been thinned to 20 shoots per meter. `Riesling' BN appeared more influenced by shoot vigor than shade under Virginia growing conditions. Chemical name β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

Shoot Growth Rate of Soybean as Affected by Drought Stress 1

1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Hoogenboom ◽  
Curt M. Peterson ◽  
M. G. Huck
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate

scholarly journals Night Interruption Lighting Is Beneficial in the Production of Plugs of Dahlia `Sunny Rose'

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1244-1246
Author(s):  
Garry Legnani ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Foliar N Concentration

Experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of photoperiod on growth and dry-weight partitioning in Dahlia sp. `Sunny Rose' during both seedling (plug) production and subsequent production in 10-cm pots. Plugs were grown under short days [9-hour natural photosynthetic photon flux (PPF)] or long days (same 9-hour PPF plus a 4-hour night interruption with incandescent light). Total plant dry weight was unaffected by photoperiod; however, long days (LD) inhibited tuberous root development and increased shoot dry weight, fibrous root dry weight, leaf area, shoot length, and number of leaf pairs. Long days reduced plug production time by ≈1 week compared with short days (SD). Following transplanting to 10-cm pots, shoot growth and foliar development were superior under LD. There was no effect of photoperiod on foliar N concentration. The superior growth of LD plugs following transplanting can be attributed to the plant being in a physiological state conducive to shoot expansion instead of storage.

scholarly journals Influence of Cultivar and Seasonal Growing Environment on Growth and Postharvest Characteristics of Single-shoot Pot Rose Plants

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
José Antonio Saraiva Grossi ◽  
H. Brent Pemberton ◽  
Harvey J. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Photon Flux ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Single Shoot ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Growing Conditions

Rooted liners of pot rose (Rosa L.) cultivars Meiferjac, Meigagul, Meighivon, Meishulo, Ruijef, Ruidodo, and Ruirosora were used to study the influence of cultivar and seasonal growing environment on growth and postharvest performance. Single-shoot plants were grown in controlled environment chambers simulating summer (30 °C day/21 °C night cycle with a 14-hour photoperiod) and winter (21 °C day/16 °C night cycle with a 10-hour photoperiod) greenhouse growing conditions. At flower developmental stage 2 (showing color, calyx reflexing, no petals reflexed), the plants were placed in a continuously lighted simulated interior evaluation room at 21 ± 1 °C under 15 μmol·m-2·s-1 photosynthetic photon flux from cool-white fluorescent lamps for postharvest evaluations. Plants had quicker flowering, smaller flower diameter, more compact growth, and smaller leaf area when grown under the summer environment compared to the winter environment. Most cultivars exhibited greater flower longevity on summer-grown plants when compared to winter-grown ones. `Ruirosora' did not exhibit this difference due to exceptional longevity on winter-grown plants. Also, the use of single-shoot plants was shown to be a potentially useful way to increase replication in small growing environments such as growth chambers.

scholarly journals Irrigation Frequency Affects Zoysiagrass Rooting and Plant Water Status

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.L. Qian ◽  
J.D. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Leaf Rolling ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate

`Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) was established on a silt loam soil in 27-cm-diameter × 92-cm-deep containers in a greenhouse to investigate the influence of irrigation frequency on turfgrass rooting and drought tolerance. Turf was irrigated daily or at the onset of leaf rolling with a water volume equal to the cumulative evapotranspiration of well-watered turf in small weighing lysimeters. After >90 days of irrigation treatments, a dry-down was imposed during which no additional water was applied for 55 days. A recovery period followed during which time turf was watered to maintain soil matric potential at greater than –30 kPa. Compared to turf irrigated daily, that watered at the onset of leaf rolling exhibited 1) 32% to 36% lower leaf water potential and 14% to 22% lower osmotic potential before the onset of drought; 2) 13% higher leaf water potential ≈40 days into dry-down; 3) more extensive rooting at 55- and 75-cm soil depths as indicated by 11% to 19% lower volumetric soil moisture content at the end of dry-down; 4) 25% to 40% lower shoot growth rate during irrigation and 13% to 33% higher shoot growth rate during dry-down; and 5) higher quality ratings during dry-down and recovery. Thus, deep, infrequent irrigation better prepares zoysiagrass for an oncoming drought than light, frequent irrigation.

scholarly journals Nutrient and secondary metabolite concentrations in a savanna are independently affected by large herbivores and shoot growth rate

Plant Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 215 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Scogings ◽  
Joakim Hjältén ◽  
Christina Skarpe ◽  
Dawood Hattas ◽  
Alpheus Zobolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate

Early Root and Shoot Development of Nine Plant Species

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Evetts ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The root growth rate index of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) was significantly greater than that of five other weed species. The root growth rate index of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘RS-626’] was found to be significantly higher than that of soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Ford’]. Shoot growth rate indexes of three perennial broadleaf species studied were significantly lower than shoot growth rate indexes of six annual species. Root weights of perennial broadleaf species were not significantly different from root weights of velvetleaf and soybeans. Soybeans were found to have a significantly higher shoot to root ratio than seven weed species but not higher than sorghum. All other species had larger leaf weights and leaf areas than the three broadleaf perennials. While there were significant differences in leaf weights among six species, there were no significant differences in leaf area. Seed weight was not significantly correlated with emergence rate index and root weight but was correlated to all other factors studied. Emergence rate index was correlated with root growth rate index but not with shoot growth rate index.

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