PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF VARYING RAIN GARDEN FILTER BED SUBSTRATES AFFECT SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY©

Landholder observations indicate that the growth of Distichlis spicata in saline discharge sites improves the soil condition. An extensive soil sampling survey was conducted at the Wickepin field site in Western Australia, where D. spicata had been growing for 8 years, to test the hypothesis that this halophytic grass will make improvements in chemical and physical properties of the soil. Soil measurements included saturated hydraulic conductivity, water-stable aggregates, root length and dry weight, electrical conductivity, pH, and soil nitrogen and carbon. Results confirm that marked differences in soil properties occurred under D. spicata. For example, a 12-fold increase in saturated hydraulic conductivity occurred where D. spicata had been growing for 8 years, compared to adjacent control soil where no grass had been growing. There were also improvements in aggregate stability, with the most notable improvements in the top 0.10 m of soil, again with the greatest improvements occurring where 8 years of growth had occurred. Soil nitrogen and carbon increased under the sward, with the biggest increases occurring in the top 0.10 m of soil. Electrical conductivity measurements were more variable, mostly due to the large spatial and temporal variation encountered. However, the findings generally support the proposition that the growth of D. spicata does not lead to an accumulation of salt within the rooting zone.

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Spatial relationship between soil hydraulic and soil physical properties in a farm field

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss08052 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 473-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A Biswas ◽

B C Si

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Shape Parameter ◽

Spatial Relationship ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Hydraulic Parameters ◽

Curve Shape ◽

Scaling Parameter

The relationship between soil properties may vary with their spatial separation. Understanding this relationship is important in predicting hydraulic parameters from other soil physical properties. The objective of this study was to identify spatially dependent relationships between hydraulic parameters and soil physical properties. Regularly spaced (3-m) undisturbed soil samples were collected along a 384 m transect from a farm field at Smeaton, Saskatchewan. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, the soil water retention curve, and soil physical properties were measured. The scaling parameter, van Genuchten scaling parameter α (VGα), and curve shape parameter, van Genuchten curve shape parameter n (VGn), were obtained by fitting the van Genuchten model to measured soil moisture retention data. Results showed that the semivariograms of soil properties exhibited two different spatial structures at spatial separations of 20 and 120 m, respectively. A strong spatial structure was observed in organic carbon, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), sand, and silt; whereas a weak structure was found for VGα and VGn. Correlation circle analysis showed strong spatially dependent relationships of Ks and VGα; with soil physical properties, but weak relationships of θs and VGn with soil physical properties. The spatially dependent relationships between soil physical and soil hydraulic parameters should be taken into consideration when developing pedotransfer functions. Key words: Spatial relationship, geostatistics, linear coregionalization model, principal component analysis, pedotransfer function

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MONOLITH COLUMNS FOR STUDYING ORGANIC SOIL PROFILES

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss86-073 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 737-742

Author(s):

J. A. MILLETTE ◽

R. S. BROUGHTON

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Organic Soils ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Sampling Procedures ◽

Monolith Columns

Monolith column construction and sampling procedures were described for organic soil profiles and used to measure the variation with depth of saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density and fiber content. The top 0.30 m of the organic soil was more permeable, had a greater bulk density and had a greater fiber content than the soil layer between 0.60 and 0.90 m from the soil surface. These columns can be used for correlations studies between physical properties and studies of the dynamic nature of the physical properties of organic soils. Key words: Saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, fiber content, organic soil, monolith columns

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Development of a Homogeneous Model Municipal Solid Waste

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.831.331 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 831 ◽

pp. 331-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ren Peng ◽

Yu Jing Hou ◽

Xue Dong Zhang ◽

Qing Lei Sun

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Homogeneous Model ◽

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Unit Weight ◽

The Real ◽

Compression Factor

A model waste mixing with kaolin, sand, and peat was developed. The physical properties of the waste were compared with the real municipal solid waste (MSW). The influence of unit weight on compression factor, shear strength, and saturated hydraulic conductivity was acquired. In addition, the homogeneous of the soil model was detected using the IWHR 450g-ton centrifuge and the newly developed centrifuge-robot.

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The characteristics of gravelly soil physical properties and their effects on permafrost dynamics: A case study on the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

10.5194/tc-2018-11 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Shuhua Yi ◽

Yujie He ◽

Xinlei Guo ◽

Jianjun Chen ◽

Qingbai Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Active Layer ◽

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Soil Porosity ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Model Errors ◽

Matric Potential ◽

Gravelly Soil

Abstract. Soils on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) have distinct physical properties from agricultural soils due to weak weathering and strong erosion. These properties might affect permafrost dynamics. However, few studies have investigated both quantitatively. In this study, we selected a permafrost site on the central region of the QTP and excavated soil samples from 20 cm to 200 cm. We measured soil porosity, thermal conductivity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and matric potential in the laboratory. Finally, we ran a simulation model replacing default sand or silty clay parameters with different combinations of these measured parameters. Results showed that gravel content (diameter > 2 mm) was ~ 55 % on average in soil profile; soil porosity was less than 0.3; saturated hydraulic conductivity ranged from 0.004–0.03 mm s−1; saturated matric potential ranged from −14 to −604 mm. When default sand or silty clay parameters were substituted with these measured values, the model errors of soil temperature, soil liquid water content, active layer depth and permafrost lower boundary were reduced. The root mean squared errors of active layer depths simulated using measured parameters, and the default sand and silty clay parameters were about 0.28, 1.06, 1.83 m, respectively. Among these measured parameters, porosities, which were much smaller than soil textures used in land surface models, played a dominant role in reducing model errors. We also demonstrated that soil water dynamic processes should be considered, rather than using static properties under frozen and unfrozen soil states as in most permafrost models. We concluded that it is necessary to consider the distinct physical properties of soil and water dynamics on the QTP when simulating dynamics of permafrost in this region. It is important to develop methods for systematic measuring physical properties of gravelly soil and to develop a spatial dataset for porosity because of its importance in simulating permafrost dynamics in this region.

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Impact of Engineered Filter Bed Substrate Composition and Plants on Stormwater Remediation within a Rain Garden System1

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/jeh-d-17-00003.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 30-44

Author(s):

Elizabeth D. Riley ◽

Helen T. Kraus ◽

Ted E. Bilderback ◽

J.S. Owen ◽

W.F. Hunt

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Panicum Virgatum ◽

Soluble Nitrogen ◽

Rain Garden ◽

Monarda Fistulosa ◽

Panicum Virgatum L ◽

Filter Bed

Abstract Thirty-two rain-garden-engineered filter-bed substrates (EFBS) resulting from combinations of two substrate bases (sand and slate), two organic matter amendments [composted yard waste (CYW) and pine bark (PB)], two combination methods (banding and incorporation), and four combination amounts [2.5 cm/5%, 5.1 cm/10%, 7.6 cm/15%, and 10.2 cm/20% (by vol.)] were evaluated using three plant species (Betula nigra L. ‘Duraheat', Monarda fistulosa L. and Panicum virgatum L. ‘Shenandoah'). The impact of particle size distribution, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), volume of effluent, evapotranspiration, EFBS composition, and plant growth on water movement within a rain garden was determined. Sand EFBS maintained a numerically lower Ksat compared to slate EFBS regardless of composition. Using CYW and banding reduced effluent volume and increased evapotranspiration. Each EFBS was also evaluated for its ability to support plant growth and nutrient uptake. Shoot dry weight and shoot nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorus) trends were similar and were highest for all species when grown in sand amended with banded CYW. Higher levels of total soluble nitrogen (TSN) were in the effluent from CYW compared to PB, regardless of substrate base. Sand generally had lower concentrations of TSN and PO4−3-P present in the effluent than slate. Index words: bioretention cell; saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat); effluent volume; effluent nutrient concentration; evapotranspiration; particle size distribution; total soluble nitrogen; ortho-phosphate; nitrate; ammonium. Species used in this study: ‘Duraheat' river birch (Betula nigra L.); wild bee balm (Monarda fistulosa L.); and ‘Shenandoah' switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.).

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Physical properties of a soil under a pig slurry application and organic matter activators

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/84/2020-rae ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 199-207

Author(s):

Václav Novák ◽

Petr Šařec ◽

Kateřina Křížová

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Penetration Resistance ◽

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Equal Dose ◽

Positive Effect

To investigate the effects of organic matter activators combined with a pig slurry on a soil’s physical properties, a field experiment was carried out in a monoculture of corn (2015–2017). Three pig slurry application variants complemented with the activators in question, i.e. with PRP SOL spread directly on the soil surface (SOL), with Z’fix added to the slurry during the pig housing (ZF) and with a combination of both PRP SOL and Z’fix (ZF_SOL), were compared with just the pig slurry (C) under an equal dose of nitrogen and a uniform growing technology. According to the results, a positive effect of the penetration resistance with the pig slurry and the activators of organic matter (Z’fix and PRP SOL) was not proven. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was demonstrably better achieved with the Z’fix activator, but PRP SOL activator also provided a certain improvement. The largest change in the unit draught was observed in the ZF_SOL application (20% increase). The results seem ambiguous; however, they give a good indication of the activators’ effect in practice. Nevertheless, the findings would certainly benefit from further verification.

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Using soil moisture constants and physical properties to predict saturated hydraulic conductivity

EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE (EJSS) ◽

10.18393/ejss.69966 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Coşkun Gülser ◽

Feride Candemir

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity

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Significance of Pyrolytic Temperature, Particle Size, and Application Rate of Biochar in Improving Hydro-Physical Properties of Calcareous Sandy Soil

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11121293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1293

Author(s):

Abdulaziz G. Alghamdi ◽

Abdulrasoul Al-Omran ◽

Arafat Alkhasha ◽

Zafer Alasmary ◽

Anwar A. Aly

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Tap Water ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Application Rate ◽

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Medium Temperature ◽

Application Rates

Water management and irrigation conservation in calcareous sandy soil are of significant importance for sustaining agricultural production, especially in arid and semi-arid region that facing scarcity of water resources. The changes in hydro-physical characteristics of calcareous sand soil were investigated after date palm waste-derived biochar application in column trials. Significance of pyrolysis temperature (300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C), particle size [<0.5 mm (D0.5), 0.5–1 mm (D1), and 1–2 mm (D2)], and application rate (1%, 2.5%, and 5%) were studied. Variations in infiltration rate, intermittent evaporation, and saturated hydraulic conductivity as a function of aforementioned factors were investigated. After amending the top 10-cm soil layer with different biochar and application rates, the columns were subjected to six wetting and drying cycles by applying 25 cm3 tap water per week over a 6-week period. Overall, biochar application resulted in decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity, while improved cumulative evaporation. Specifically, biochar produced at 300 °C and 500 °C demonstrated 10.2% and 13.3% higher cumulative evaporation, respectively., whereas, biochar produced at 700 °C with 5% application rate resulted in decreased cumulative evaporation. Cumulative evaporation increased by 5.0%, 7.7% and, 7.8% for D0.5, D1 and D2 (mm) on average, respectively, as compared with the untreated soil. Thus, biochar with particle size 0.5–1 mm significantly improved hydro-physical properties when applied at 1%. Generally, using biochar produced at medium temperature and small particle size with appropriate application rates could improve the soil hydro-physical properties.

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