Advances in the purple-fruited pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) long-term breeding program in Hawai’I, USA

2018 ◽  
pp. 931-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Griffis ◽  
T.G. McDonald ◽  
M.M. Manners ◽  
Ö. Tuncay
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Program ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora

Heritability of height growth in 10-year-old Sitka spruce

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis C. Yeh ◽  
Sven Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Sources Of Variation

Ten-year height growth for Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. was studied in a progeny test of 42 wind-pollinated families from seven stands on the northwest coast of Vancouver Island. Although stand and family-within-stand effects were significant sources of variation, 79% of the phenotypic variance in 10-year height was associated with differences among trees within family plots. Estimates of heritability ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) indicate that a combination of stand, family-within-stand, and progeny-within-family selection will be effective for a long-term breeding program to increase tree heights in Sitka spruce.Key words: Picea, heritability, quantitative.

scholarly journals Breeding of perennial forage crops for disease resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
N V Razgulyaeva ◽  
N Y Kostenko ◽  
N M Putsa ◽  
E Y Blagoveshenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The creation of the initial breeding material of forage crops, promising in terms of disease resistance, is a difficult task that requires the solution of many related issues. Such studies should be carried out on artificial field infectious backgrounds. In FSC “VIK named after V.R. Williams” such backgrounds were created on the basis of data of long-term phytosanitary monitoring to identify the main diseases of forage crops. Techniques for creating field backgrounds and methods for laboratory assessment of resistance have been developed, which make it possible to reduce the number of samples evaluated against backgrounds, due to the rejection of susceptible to the disease. When evaluating 20 collection samples of meadow clover and awnless rump, 10 samples with increased disease resistance were identified. As a result of further breeding study of this material by methods of selection, self-pollination, cloning, promising biotypes in terms of disease resistance were obtained. On the basis of these biotypes, polycross populations of meadow clover and awnless rump were created. An assessment of the stability of these populations against artificial infectious backgrounds was carried out. In terms of resistance to fusarium, the polycross population of meadow clover exceeded the standard variety VIC 77 by 24%. The population of awnless rump exceeded the standard Fakelny cultivar by 21% on average over 2 years. A breeding program has been developed to create the initial material for meadow clover and awnless rump with increased disease resistance.

scholarly journals Insights into the successful breeding of Hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from a long-term captive breeding program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Maggeni ◽  
William E Feeney
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Eretmochelys Imbricata ◽  
Captive Breeding Program ◽  
Marine Park

AbstractSea turtle populations are declining and evidence-based methods for supporting their populations are required. Captive breeding and release programs can be effective, offering the opportunity to supplement nature populations; however, sea turtles require specific conditions to successfully breed. Here, we present insights gained from a 16 year Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) captive breeding program that was conducted at the Underwater Observatory Marine Park, Eilat, Israel, between 1982-1997. As the first program of its kind for the Hawksbill sea turtle, insights were gained largely through trial-and-error and word of mouth advice. The key insight gained during this program was the critical importance of pre-breeding separation of the sexes; turtles did not breed prior to pre-breeding separation being implemented, but it became predictably regular once it was. Over the course of the program, 161 two-three years old hatchlings were introduced to the Red Sea, which was enabled largely as a result of pre-breeding separation being implemented.

scholarly journals Mummified baboons reveal the far reach of early Egyptian mariners

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel J Dominy ◽  
Salima Ikram ◽  
Gillian L Moritz ◽  
Patrick V Wheatley ◽  
John N Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Strontium Isotope ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Human History ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Captive Breeding Program

The Red Sea was witness to important events during human history, including the first long steps in a trade network (the spice route) that would drive maritime technology and shape geopolitical fortunes for thousands of years. Punt was a pivotal early node in the rise of this enterprise, serving as an important emporium for luxury goods, including sacred baboons (Papio hamadryas), but its location is disputed. Here, we use geospatial variation in the oxygen and strontium isotope ratios of 155 baboons from 77 locations to estimate the geoprovenance of mummified baboons recovered from ancient Egyptian temples and tombs. Five Ptolemaic specimens of P. anubis (404–40 BC) showed evidence of long-term residency in Egypt prior to mummification, consistent with a captive breeding program. Two New Kingdom specimens of P. hamadryas were sourced to a region that encompasses much of present-day Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti, and portions of Somalia and Yemen. This result is a testament to the tremendous reach of Egyptian seafaring during the 2nd millennium BC. It also corroborates the balance of scholarly conjecture on the location of Punt.

scholarly journals A hybrid optimal contribution approach to drive short-term gains while maintaining long-term sustainability in a modern plant breeding program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Santantonio ◽  
Kelly Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Breeding Program

1AbstractPlant breeding programs must adapt genomic selection to an already complex system. Inbred or hybrid plant breeding programs must make crosses, produce inbred individuals, and phenotype inbred lines or their hybrid test-crosses to select and validate superior material for product release. These products are few, and while it is clear that population improvement is necessary for continued genetic gain, it may not be sufficient to generate superior products. Rapid-cycle recurrent truncation genomic selection has been proposed to increase genetic gain by reducing generation time. This strategy has been shown to increase short-term gains, but can quickly lead to loss of genetic variance through inbreeding as relationships drive prediction. The optimal contribution of each individual can be determined to maximize gain in the following generation while limiting inbreeding. While optimal contribution strategies can maintain genetic variance in later generations, they suffer from a lack of short-term gains in doing so. We present a hybrid approach that branches out yearly to push the genetic value of potential varietal materials while maintaining genetic variance in the recurrent population, such that a breeding program can achieve short-term success without exhausting long-term potential. Because branching increases the genetic distance between the phenotyping pipeline and the recurrent population, this method requires sacrificing some trial plots to phenotype materials directly out of the recurrent population. We envision the phenotypic pipeline not only for selection and validation, but as an information generator to build predictive models and develop new products.

scholarly journals 081 New Hardy Apple Selections from the Québec Apple Breeding Program

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 402D-402
Author(s):  
S. Khanizadeh ◽  
Y. Groleau ◽  
J.R. DeEll ◽  
J. Cousineau ◽  
R. Granger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Potential Interest ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Partnership Program

The objectives of the Québec apple breeding program are to develop hardy and disease-resistant varieties for the production of juice and cider and/or varieties with an excellent fruit quality and long shelf-life. Almost 90% of the research in apple breeding is funded by a Partnership Program, in which the partners cover ≈50% of the research costs. The short-term objectives of the program are to evaluate the existing genotypes at the AAFC Frelighsburg sub-station and name worthy selections, remove unworthy material, and transfer potentially interesting genotypes to other AAFC research stations for further evaluations. Three selections—SJC7713-1, SJC686-1, and O-5410—are very hardy, scab-resistant, and have good yields of pleasantly flavored fruit, which can be stored long-term while retaining good quality. Selections SJCA14R3A108 and SJCA36R7A87 are not scab-resistant, but they are hardy, and the fruit have an excellent flavor, store very well for >5 months, and have a flesh that does not darken after cutting. The above selections are currently being evaluated for use by commercial growers. Selections SJC7172-1 and SJC7911-1, along with four crabapple genotypes, are of potential interest to home gardeners.

scholarly journals Relações Hídricas e Produção de Pigmentos Fostossinteticos em Mudas de Eugenia Uniflora l. Sob Condições de Salinidade (Water Relations and Production of Pigments in Seedlings Photosynthetic Eugenia Uniflora l. Under Salinity Conditions)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Rayana Pires Marques ◽  
Clarissa Soares Freire ◽  
Hugo Henrique Costa do Nascimento ◽  
Rejane Jurema Mansur Custósio Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Physiological Analysis

Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar os efeitos da salinidade nas relacoes hidricas e teor de pigmentos fotossintetizantes em mudas de pitangueira. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um experimento em casa de vegetacao do Laboratorio de Fisiologia Vegetal, pertencente ao Departamento de Biologia da UFRPE, no periodo de dezembro de 2010 a abril de 2011. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos salinos: 0 (controle), 30, 60 e 90 mM de NaCl, e com cinco repeticoes por tratamento. Aos 35 e 95 DAD (dias apos diferenciacao) decorreram as analises fisiologicas. Foram mensurados o potencial hidrico foliar e o teor relativo de agua em dois horarios: antemanha (4h) e meiodia (12h) e os pigmentos fotossintetizantes. A alta demanda evaporativa (12 horas) ocasionou reducoes significativas para o potencial hidrico foliar e teor relativo de agua na pitangueira. Nestes horarios tambem ocorreram diferencas nos pigmentos, entre os niveis de salinidade estudados. Os resultados indicam que a imposicao da salinidade propiciou reducoes no status hidrico das plantas. Em relacao aos pigmentos fotossinteticos, o estresse em curto prazo gerou sua diminuicao, porem em longo prazo, gerou aumento dos mesmos. A variavel fotossintetica estudada mais afetada foram os carotenoides. Palavras-chave: Potencial Hidrico Foliar, Teor Relativo de Agua, estresse salino, pigmentos fotossinteticos  Water Relations and Production of Pigments in Seedlings Photosynthetic Eugenia Uniflora l. Under Salinity Conditions   ABSTRACT This research had as objective evaluate the effects of salinity in the hydric relations and photosynthetic pigments amount in Eugenia uniflora L.. A experiment was developed in the greenhouse of the Laboratory of Vegetal Phisiology, UFRPE, Brazil, between December 2010 and April 2011. The experimental was designed with four treatments: 0 (control), 30, 60 and 90 mM NaCl with five repetitions each treatment. At 35 and 95 days of experiment physiological analysis were performed. It was measured the leaf hydric potential and the relative water content, at two different moments: pre-morning, AND MID DAY and the photosynthetic pigments. The high evaporative demand (mid day) caused significant reductions in the leaf hydric potential and relative water content in the E. uniflora. At the referred times it was also possible to observe differences in the photosynthetic pigments between the levels of stressing. Results indicate that the imposition of high salinity reduced the hydric status of the subjects. Relating to the photosynthetic pigments the short-term salt stress caused a reduction that was overcome in the long-term stressing. The most affected pigment studied were the carotenoids.  Keywords: Leaf hydric potential, relative water content, salt stress, photosynthetic pigments

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