scholarly journals 081 New Hardy Apple Selections from the Québec Apple Breeding Program

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 402D-402
Author(s):  
S. Khanizadeh ◽  
Y. Groleau ◽  
J.R. DeEll ◽  
J. Cousineau ◽  
R. Granger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Potential Interest ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Partnership Program

The objectives of the Québec apple breeding program are to develop hardy and disease-resistant varieties for the production of juice and cider and/or varieties with an excellent fruit quality and long shelf-life. Almost 90% of the research in apple breeding is funded by a Partnership Program, in which the partners cover ≈50% of the research costs. The short-term objectives of the program are to evaluate the existing genotypes at the AAFC Frelighsburg sub-station and name worthy selections, remove unworthy material, and transfer potentially interesting genotypes to other AAFC research stations for further evaluations. Three selections—SJC7713-1, SJC686-1, and O-5410—are very hardy, scab-resistant, and have good yields of pleasantly flavored fruit, which can be stored long-term while retaining good quality. Selections SJCA14R3A108 and SJCA36R7A87 are not scab-resistant, but they are hardy, and the fruit have an excellent flavor, store very well for >5 months, and have a flesh that does not darken after cutting. The above selections are currently being evaluated for use by commercial growers. Selections SJC7172-1 and SJC7911-1, along with four crabapple genotypes, are of potential interest to home gardeners.

scholarly journals Short-Term Response of Young Mandarin Trees to Desalinated Seawater Irrigation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose F. Maestre-Valero ◽  
Victoriano Martínez-Alvarez ◽  
Francisco J. Jódar-Conesa ◽  
Jose A. Acosta ◽  
Bernardo Martin-Gorriz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Adult Trees

Water deficit and increasing pressure on water resources in semi-arid regions has led to the spread of irrigation with non-conventional water resources, such as desalinated seawater (DSW). The few existent studies to date, mainly carried out in Israel and Spain, have shown that suitable management of irrigation with DSW must be performed to avoid agronomic problems and reductions in crop productivity and fruit quality in the mid-long term. To the best of our knowledge, in the case of citrus, fruit production, and quality, information on the effects of DSW irrigation is not available. In this study, we evaluated the short-term agronomic and economic effects of irrigating a mandarin orchard during two crop cycles (2017–2019) with (i) fresh water (FW), (ii) desalinated seawater (DSW), and (iii) a mix of water composed of 50% FW and 50% DSW. Stem water potential (Ψs < −1 MPa) and gas exchange parameters (net photosynthesis; A > 6.5 µmol/m2/s and stomatal conductance; gs > 65 mmol/m2/s) indicated that trees were well irrigated throughout the experiment. The concentration of Na+ and B3+ in the DSW always exceeded the maximum thresholds for irrigation water proposed in the literature for citrus, and the concentration of Na+ in the leaves exceeded the maximum threshold in summer 2018. Nonetheless, symptoms of toxicity were not observed. Significant differences among treatments were not observed for Ψstem, A, gs, Na+, Cl−, and B3+ in leaves (except in the summer months), yield components, fruit quality, or the economic assessment. The lack of such differences was explained by the large standard deviations caused by the youth of the trees, with figures that on occasion could represent more than 100% of the mean value. These results may justify the agronomic and economic viability of the irrigation of young trees with DSW in the short-term, but further research, considering the effects on adult trees in the long term is still needed.

Advanced Selections of Summer Apples from the Arkansas Apple Breeding Program

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 531e-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt R. Rom ◽  
R.C. Rom ◽  
J.N. Moore ◽  
J.R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Moderate Size ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
New Cultivars

An apple breeding program was begun in Arkansas in 1966 with objectives including the development of early maturing cultivars adaptable to warm environments. Several advanced selections have achieved this objective and are briefly described here prior to possible introduction as new cultivars. AA-50 (PCR3-120 × PCR4-56) mature 65–75 days after bloom, are moderate size (120–160 g), round, tart, juicy; red over green/white ground color. Fruit are similar to `Jonathan'. AA-63 (Jersey Mac × AA-11) mature 70–85 days after bloom, are moderate size (130–180 g), round, somewhat tart but with good sugars for maturation season, are dark red/purple striped with pronounced lenticels on a green/white ground color. AA-18, aka `Arkcharm' (NJ123249 × NJ136055) ripen 85–100 days after bloom, are medium to large size (165–195 g), slightly conic, bright red on green ground/yellow color, are very crisp and firm, tart with good flavor, good shelf-life for season (7–21 days) and extended harvest period (two to three harvests). AA-44 (NJ674016 × NJ40), mature 90–105 days after bloom, are large (180–210 g), round, red with some dark red striping with green ground color; fruit have moderate acid content and are relatively sweet, require two to three harvests and have a storage life of 2–4 weeks. AA-64 (SpurGold × AA-26) mature 110–120 days after bloom, are yellow, conic, russet free, often have a pink blush, are moderate to large size (160–200 g), firm, subacid, and sweet.

scholarly journals First selections of the Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tóth M. ◽  
Kovács Sz. ◽  
Kása K. ◽  
Rozsnyay Zs. ◽  
Hevesi M.
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Selection For ◽  
In The Beginning

The aim of the first Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance started in the beginning of the nineties is to widen Hungarian apple assortment by good quality, resistant apple cultivars with excellent productivity and ecological capability to the most important fruit growing areas in Hungary. In the first years of seedling production we made early selection for susceptibility to apple scab in greenhouse. Alter this, field observation of susceptibility to powdery mildew, scab and canker and a yearly negative selection was carried on. From 1997, fruit quality was evaluated as well, and from 2001 the resistance of shoots to Erwinia ainylovora (Burrill/Winslow et al.) was examined using inoculations in greenhouse conditions. From the progenies of crosses in 1992 and 1993, six candidates were announced to national recognition out of hybrids examined for more than a decade. Descriptions of these selections from 'Prima' progenies and the most important data of their resistance, growing habit, morphological characteristics and fruit quality are shown in this article.

scholarly journals First selections of the Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Tóth ◽  
Szabó Kovács ◽  
K. Kása ◽  
Zs. Rozsnyay ◽  
M. Hevesi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Selection For ◽  
In The Beginning

The aim of the first Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance started in the beginning of the nineties is to widen Hungarian apple assortment by good quality, resistant apple cultivars with excellent productivity and ecological capability to the most important fruit growing areas in Hungary. In the first years of seedling production we made early selection for susceptibility to apple scab in greenhouse. Alter this, field observation of susceptibility to powdery mildew, scab and canker and a yearly negative selection was carried on. From 1997, fruit quality was evaluated as well, and from 2001 the resistance of shoots to Erwinia ainylovora (Burrill/Winslow et al.) was examined using inoculations in greenhouse conditions. From the progenies of crosses in 1992 and 1993, six candidates were announced to national recognition out of hybrids examined for more than a decade. Descriptions of these selections from 'Prima' progenies and the most important data of their resistance, growing habit, morphological characteristics and fruit quality are shown in this article.

scholarly journals Trends in Fruit Quality Improvement From 15 Years of Selection in the Apple Breeding Program of Washington State University

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Li Teh ◽  
Sarah Kostick ◽  
Lisa Brutcher ◽  
Bonnie Schonberg ◽  
Bruce Barritt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Washington State University ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Inner Cortex

Washington State University's apple breeding program (WABP) was initiated in 1994 to select new apple cultivars with improved eating quality, appearance, and storability that are suitable for production in the main growing regions of the state. Fruit quality is phenotyped using various instrumental measures, such as penetrometers (texture), titrator (acidity), and refractometer (soluble solids concentration; SSC), as well as sensory assessment. The selection regime of WABP occurs in three sequential phases: phase one (P1)—single, unreplicated seedlings at one site, phase two (P2)—replicated selections at three geographically diverse sites, and phase three (P3)—highly replicated elite selections at one to two grower sites. Most of the data collection of WABP occurs in P2. Knowledge of trends/changes associated with advancing selections is essential for understanding the selection criteria and progress of WABP throughout the changing compositions of advancing and culling selections. For each post-harvest trait, P2 data from harvest years 2005 to 2019 were split across sites, and between selections and reference cultivars (e.g., Cripps Pink, Gala, and Honeycrisp). Means of instrumental crispness (Cn) and inner cortex firmness for the advancing selections increased gradually over this period and were significantly higher than those for cultivars. Means of outer cortex firmness measurements were stable for selections but significantly higher than those for cultivars. The average fruit acidity of selections increased marginally over this period and was higher than that of the cultivars. Meanwhile, the average fruit SSCs of selections and cultivars were statistically indistinguishable. These 15-year trends indicate that WABP has been selecting apples with improved eating quality and storability through increased crispness and inner cortex firmness, respectively.

scholarly journals Changes in Ripening-Related Quality Traits of Long Shelf Life Tomatoes as Influenced by Water Deficit and Short-Term Postharvest Storage

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2304
Author(s):  
Joan Casals ◽  
Aurora Rull ◽  
Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Time Of Harvest

The diversity preserved within the European long shelf life tomato landraces (LSL) is a unique source to design high quality tomato products better adapted to changing environmental conditions and, thereby, to reduce food losses. The adaptation of LSL to water deficit (WD) management practices and their postharvest keeping ability can be used as tools to concomitantly enhance fruit quality and sustainable production. In this study, we investigated the effect of WD conditions and the plant growing environment (open field vs. tunnel) on quality traits of two genotypes of the Penjar LSL variety (modern hybrid (MV) and landrace (LR)). Changes in ripening-related quality traits (fruit ethylene production, respiration rate, firmness, color, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and the content of antioxidants, as well as specific sugars and acids) in response to the different preharvest factors were evaluated at the time of harvest and after a short period of storage (30 days), following actual commercial practices. Significant differences among genotypes were encountered for most quality traits at the time of harvest and higher intra- and inter-environment heterogeneity was observed in the LR than in the MV genotype. In general, Penjar tomatoes exhibit a low physiological activity (ethylene production, 0.56–1.33 µL kg−1 h−1, respiration rate: 0.015–0.026 mg CO2 kg−1 h−1) at harvest. In both genotypes, WD increased to a different extent the fruit external color (redness, lightness) as well as the sensory (SSC) and nutritional (antioxidant capacity) fruit profiles. By contrast, the growing environment had little impact on most fruit quality traits. Postharvest storage only led to a slight reduction in the fruit respiration and ethylene production, lower sugars and acids content, enhanced color and no firmness changes. Overall, the results from this study demonstrate that selecting the appropriate genotypes is the most important step towards the design of high-quality LSL tomatoes, while WD and short-term storage can be used by farmers as a strategy to differentiate the product quality in specific market niches.

scholarly journals A hybrid optimal contribution approach to drive short-term gains while maintaining long-term sustainability in a modern plant breeding program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Santantonio ◽  
Kelly Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Breeding Program

1AbstractPlant breeding programs must adapt genomic selection to an already complex system. Inbred or hybrid plant breeding programs must make crosses, produce inbred individuals, and phenotype inbred lines or their hybrid test-crosses to select and validate superior material for product release. These products are few, and while it is clear that population improvement is necessary for continued genetic gain, it may not be sufficient to generate superior products. Rapid-cycle recurrent truncation genomic selection has been proposed to increase genetic gain by reducing generation time. This strategy has been shown to increase short-term gains, but can quickly lead to loss of genetic variance through inbreeding as relationships drive prediction. The optimal contribution of each individual can be determined to maximize gain in the following generation while limiting inbreeding. While optimal contribution strategies can maintain genetic variance in later generations, they suffer from a lack of short-term gains in doing so. We present a hybrid approach that branches out yearly to push the genetic value of potential varietal materials while maintaining genetic variance in the recurrent population, such that a breeding program can achieve short-term success without exhausting long-term potential. Because branching increases the genetic distance between the phenotyping pipeline and the recurrent population, this method requires sacrificing some trial plots to phenotype materials directly out of the recurrent population. We envision the phenotypic pipeline not only for selection and validation, but as an information generator to build predictive models and develop new products.

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